❌: all bananas are yellow, this is a banana; therefore, it is yellow.
❌: all bananas are yellow, this is yellow; therefore, it is a banana.
❌: all bananas are yellow, this is not a banana; therefore, it is not yellow.
❌: all bananas are yellow, this is not yellow; therefore, this is not a banana.
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Modus Ponens
Modus Ponens
Affirming the Consequent
Affirming the Consequent
Denying the Antecedent
Denying the Antecedent
Modus Tollens
Modus Tollens