Chapter 2 - Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

sensory neuron

motor neuron

interneuron

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

soma

dendrite

synapse

axon

multipolar neuron

bipolar neuron

unipolar neuron

terminal button

neurotransmitter

membrane

cytoplasm

mitochondria

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

nucleus

chromosome

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

gene

cytoskeleton

enzyme

axoplasmic transport

microtubule

glia

astrocyte

phagocytosis

oligodendrocyte

myelin sheath

mode of Ranvier

microglia

Schwann cell

blood-brain barrier

area postrema

electrode

microelectrode

membrane potential

oscilloscope

resting potential

depolarization

hyperpolarization

action potential

threshold of excitation

diffusion

electrolyte

ion

electrostatic pressure

intracellular fluid

extracellular fluid

sodium-potassium transport

ion channel

voltage-dependent ion channel

all-or-none law

rate law

saltatory conduction

postsynaptic potential

binding site

ligand

dendritic spine

presynaptic membrane

postsynaptic membrane

synaptic cleft

synaptic vescile

release zone

postsynaptic receptor

neurotransmitter-dependent ion channel

ionotropic receptor

metabotropic receptor

G protein

second messenger

excitatory postsynaptic potention (EPSP)

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

reuptake

enzymatic deactivation

acetylcholine (ACh)

acetylcholinestrase (AChE)

neural integration

autoreceptor

presynaptic inhibition

presynaptic facilitation

neuromodulator

peptide

hormone

endocrine gland

target cells