What is crude oil made up of ?

What is the general formula for alkanes ?

Describe the structure of an alkane

What are the first 5 alkanes, and what are their chemical formula?

What happens to the properties of alkanes as they increase in chain length?

What is the word equation for a combustion reaction with an alkane ?

What is the balanced symbol equation when methane reacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction ?

Why does the boiling point of an alkane increase as the molecules get longer?

Why are alkanes very unreactive?

Describe the structure of alkenes

What is the general formula for alkenes?

What is the structure formula of ethene, propene and butene?

What is the rule for the alkenes name, and what are the first 4 alkenes called ?

Do alkenes combust (react with oxygen) ?

What can the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon produce?

What colour does a flame turn if carbon is present?

How can we test for an alkene, and what is the structural formula when this reaction occurs with ethene?

What is a functional group?

What is a homologous series?

What is an organic compound?

What is the functional group, and general formula for alcohols?

What are the first 4 alcohols and their symbol equations ?

Draw the structual formula of methanol and ethanol

What are the main properties of alcohols?

Are alcohols and alkanes soluble and volatile?

Name one similarity between water and alcohols other than their reactivity

What is the difference between the reactions of sodium with ethanol, and sodium with water?

Name some uses of alcohols in manufacturing

How can alcohols e.g. ethanol be produced?

How can ethanol be produced through fermentation?

Why is it important to prevent oxygen getting in the fermentation process?

Why does the fermentation process stop when the concentration of ethanol reaches 10 to 20% ?

How can ethanol sollution be concentrated?

What are the main stages of distillation to produce concentrated ethanol?

What information may you need to find out to see whether a process in sustainable?

How can ethanol be made from waste biomass?

Main the two main stages that convert ethane into ethanol

Why is ethane used to make ethanol on an industrial scale?

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

What are the first 3 carboxylic acids and their structural formula ?

How are carboxylic acids usually formed?

What kind of acids are carboxylic acids?

Why are carboxylic acids weak?

How do carboxylic acids react?

What is the name of a salt, which is formed in a reaction that involves carboxylic acids ?

What is the word and symbol equation when a metal reacts with a carboxylic acid ?

What is the word and symbol equation when a metal carbonate reacts with a carboxylic acid ?

What is the word and symbol equation when an alkali reacts with a carboxylic acid?

What are the main properties of carboxylic acids ?

What is the bond holding together sodium ethanoate?

How is an ester formed?

How is an ester named?

What is the functional group of esters?

What are the main properties of esters?

What are esters used for?

What is hydrolysis?

How can a soap be formed?

What are fatty acids?
What is glycerol?
What is formed when they react together?

What are the two main types of fatty acids?

How is fat useful for organisms?

What are the two main properties of animal fats?

What are the two main properties of vegetable oils?

What are soaps?

What is the structure of glycerol?

What are the 4 main stages of making an ester?

What is refluxing?

Why is distillation important when making an ester?

Why is purification important when making an ester?

Why is drying important when making an ester?

What is the atom economy?

How can the atom economy be calculated?

What are bulk chemicals?

What are fine chemicals?

What can be done to a process to make it more 'Green' ?

How can percentage yield be calculated?

Name some exothermic reactions

Name some endothermic reactions

Why do boiling points differ between substances?

What kind of reactions are making and breaking bonds?

What is the equation to find the enthalpy change/ energy change of a reaction?

What does a catalyst do?

What is a reversible reaction?

What is dynamic equilibrium?

What are Le Chatelier's principles?

What conditions can we change in a reaction?

If
A + B ⇌ C (exothermic)
What is the backwards reaction?

A + B ⇌ C
What will the reaction do if the concentration of A is increased?

A + B ⇌ C (exothermic)
What will the reaction do if the temperature increases?

A + B ⇌ C
What will the reaction do if the pressure increases?

What is the word and symbol equation for the Haber process?

What are the feedstocks for the Haber process?

Ideally what conditions would their be to increase the amount of ammonia produced?

What are the conditions used for the Haber process when done industrially?

Why is 450°C used industrially for the Haber process even though this favours the endothermic reaction, which produces N2 and H2 ?

Why is a pressure of 200 atmospheres used in the Haber process?

What happens to the hydrogen and nitrogen molecules that don't react in the reaction vessel?

What is the main use of the Haber process?

Why are fertilisers important?

What are the other uses of ammonia?

What are some negatives of the Haber process?

Where do the nitrogen and hydrogen that are neede in the Haber process come from?

What is nitrogen fixation?

How can nitrogen fixing bacteria 'fix' nitrogen at room temperature and pressure?

What is needed before new chemical products are made?

To make a new production process run efficiently a new catalyst might have to be found- what are the main steps of this?

What do government regulations do?

What kind of government regulations exist for chemical processes?

What are the 5 main stages involved in producing a chemical?

What is the difference between raw materials and feedstock ?

What is chemical synthesis?

Why do the products have to be seperated?

Why is the purity of the product monitored?

How are by- products and waste dealt with?

What is qualitative and quantitative analysis ?

Why is chemical analysis carried out on samples?

How is a solution made?

What are the two main types of solution?

What are standard procedures?

What is chromatography used for?

What are the two phases used in chromatography?

How can the Rf value be calculated?

Why do different chemicals seperate out and end at different points?