Regarding the function of the cerebral hemispheres:
the parietal lobes are involved in pain perceptions
the frontal areas are involved in auditory perception
damage to the temporal lobes can cause failure of object recognition
the right parietal lobe is important for speech comprehension
a, and b
Regarding speech:
In left-handed people the faculty of speech is mainly located in the right hemisphere
Individuals affected by Broca’s aphasia are able to speak only with difficulty
In right-handed people the faculty of speech is mainly located in the left hemisphere
An individual with Broca’s aphasia will have paralysis of the lips and tongue
Wernike’s aphasia results from damage to the frontal speech area
Regarding the electroencephalogram (EEG):
the normal EEG of an awake person is dominated by alpha waves
during deep sleep the EEG is always dominated by delta waves
the presence of theta waves in the EEG of an awake child is indicative of cerebral pathology
the EEG can be used to monitor the bioelectrical activity of the brain
none of the above
Regarding sleep:
reflects the intrinsic circadian rhythm of the brain
slow wave sleep is associated with rapid eye movements
young adults need less sleep than elderly individuals
during normal sleep the secretion of growth hormone is decreased
women need less sleep than men
The dorsal column of the spinal cord conveys the following sensations:
pain
temperature
vibration
propioception
c and d
What regions of the brain are involved in emotional reactions?
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
thalamus
limbic system
a and d
At what level the section of the spinal cord causes sudden death?
I thoracic segment
I-II cervical segment
IV lumbar segment
VIII thoracic segment
I lumbar segment
Which are the functions of the brain stem?
control of respiration
control of cardiovascular system
control of gastrointestinal system
control of micturition
a, b and c
The primary motor cortex, Broca's area, and the premotor area are located in which lobe?
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
prefrontal
The medulla oblongata has centers for the following:
vasomotor
respiratory
emesis and coughing
sneezing
all of the above
Lesions of which of the following nuclei cause hypothalamic obesity:
ventromedial nucleus
dorsomedial nucleus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
supraoptic nucleus
paraventricular nucleus
Loss of fear and emotion is often observed in the lesion at:
septal nucleus
amygdaloidal nucleus
sensory cortex
basal ganglia
The Renshaw cells:
receive recurrent collaterals from motor neurons and inhibit other motor neurons in the vicinity
represent the inhibitory system of cerebellum
are a major component of muscle spindle
are present in retina
are present in the basal ganglia
Promoter cortex refers to:
some areas anterior to primary motor cortex causing complex coordinate movements like speech, eye movements
an area of motor cortex responsible for voluntary movements
an area in temporal cortex
an area of cerebellum
Functions of limbic system are all following EXCEPT:
olfaction
gustation
feeding behaviour
sexual behaviour
vision
REM is:
characterized by delta waves on EEG
a sound and dreamless sleep
characterized by total lack of muscular activity
referred to as paradoxical sleep
characterized by alpha waves on ECG
Sleep deprivation:
can cause psychotic episodes
is associated with sluggishness of thoughts
makes a person more alert
has no effect on the individual
can cause reduction in arterial pressure
The naked nerve endings are responsible for the sensation of:
touch
hearing
In a healthy adult sitting with eyes closed the EEG rhythm registered with electrodes on the occipital lobes is:
alpha rhythm
theta rhythm
delta rhythm
beta rhythm
delta, followed by beta episodes
The basal ganglia are primarily concerned with:
sensory integration
short term memory
central of movement
neuroendocrine control
control of body temperature
Lesions of which of the following hypothalamic nuclei cause loss of circadian rhythm
ventromedial
dorsomedial
suprachiasmatic
supraoptic
paraventricular
Human circadian (24-hour) rhythms:
are triggered totally by external (exogenous) factors
depend more on the integrity of the cerebral cortex than of the hypothalamus
adapt within 48 hours on changing from day to night shift work
for melatonin secretion produce high night-time and low day-time levels of the hormone
for the eosinophil count produce peak values around midday
