BIOL 108 Exam 4 Study Quiz

Select the correct term in the drop box for each statement. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Connects the brain to the spinal cord; regulates heart rate and blood pressure and generates respiratory rhythms 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Regulates body temperature and contains your biological clock 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Receives and processes visual and other sensory input, responsible for conscious thought and personality, controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscle 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Monitors body position and modifies motor impulses from your conscious brain

Select the following term(s) that can be measured using a spirometer.

The two hormones that regulate blood calcium levels are calcitonin and thyroxine (T3/T4).

Select the correct term in the drop-down box for each sentence. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Released from the pituitary; binds to receptors on cells in the kidneys 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Released from the adrenal medulla in response to activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system as a response to short-term stress 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Stimulates cells in the liver to pull glucose molecules out of the blood and build them into a storage molecule called glycogen 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Nearly every cell in the body has receptors that bind this hormone; increases metabolic rate of target cells; released from the pituitary 5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Released from the hypothalamus; binds to receptors in the anterior pituitary gland where it regulates the secretion of other hormones 6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Released from the pancreas; stimulates cells throughout the body to increase glucose transport

Label the following highlighted elements of this diagram.

Hormones will have a stronger effect on the body whehn they are more abundant or when there are more receptors for that hormone.

Type II diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed, which causes a lack of insulin production; it can be corrected with insulin shots.

The endocrine system has certain characteristics that set it apart from the nervous system. Which characteristics are typical of the endocrine system, but NOT the nervous system?

Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

The central nervous system is composed of

Breathing in carbon monoxide can cause health problems because

Caffeine affects the nervous system by

Physicians recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following occurs as air is drawn into the blood through the nose?

Neurons store neurotransmitters in vesicles located within

As you exhale, the diaphragm

Where does the cerebral cortex dedicate the most space to processing sensory input from?

If you consume caffeine daily for weeks at a time, its effects on your nervous system are reduced because

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

Select the following true statements regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system:

Steroid hormones differ from non-steroid hormones in that steroid hormones...

Humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive, because they use oxygen

The left and right cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum, which can be severed as a a treatment for severe cases of

Which of the following would cause an acceleration of heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and a slowing of digestive processes?

Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each of the following statements. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A bundle of axons located outside of the brain or spinal cord 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Increases the speed of transmission of an action potential 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside of the brain or spinal cord 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A relatively long cytoplasmic extension from the cell body of a neuron that transmits action potentials 5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A short, branched cytoplasmic extension from the cell body of a neuron that transmits graded potentials toward the cell body 6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] An electrically excitable cell

Match the correct brain area from the drop-down box to its correct description. 1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Controls personality, thoughts, reasoning 2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Output to skeletal muscles; tells them to move 3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Receives input from sensory receptors that monitor external environment 4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Plans speech and interprets meaning of speech

If you live long enough, hyou will eventually need reading glasses, because of age-related chages to the...

Which structure is in direct contact with the air?

Which of the following can readily cross the blood-brain barrier?

Which of hese endocrine structures is part of the brain?

This subconscious (involuntary) brain region monitors body position and modifies motor plans to coordinate muscle activity

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they both

Which of the following structures contains muscles that adjust the diameter of your pupil to regulate how much light enters your eye?

Which structure contains the highest density of cones, whihc provides the highest visual acuity (ie, clearest vision) when you focus an object directly onto this structure?

Neurons store neurotransmitters in vesicles located within

The peripheral nervous system is composed of

Which of the following pairs of hormones antagonize each other, meaning that they have the opposite effect on body cells?

Hormones are specific to particular tissues because

Action potentials travel along these cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron

This structure contributes the most to the bending of light rays as they enter the eye, although it does it in a non-adjustable way

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ____ potential

Which of these causes the release of neurotransmitter molecules?

The space between an axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is called a(n)

Neurons store neurotransmitter molecules in vesicles located within

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are

An action potential....

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from [blank_start]node of Ranvier[blank_end] to [blank_start]node of Ranvier[blank_end].

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector?

Select the following answers which are functions of the myelin sheath.

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron, ....

The small space between the sending neuron and the recceiving neuron is the

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal,

The peripherary nervous system includes a sensory division and a motor division.

The central nervous sytem is encclosed by membranes or meninges called the

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?

In general, the [blank_start]sympathetic nervous system[blank_end] is most active during a crisis (eg, flight-or-flight) while the [blank_start]parasympathetic nervous system[blank_end] is most active during visceral functions.

Both sympathetic nerve fibers and parasympathetic nerve fibers use the same neurotransmitter.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers may innervate the same organs, but they have generally opposite effects.

In general, the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system is acetylcholine, and the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is norepinephrine.

White matter of the spinal cord contains [blank_start]myelinated nerves[blank_end], whereas gray matter contains [blank_start]unmyelinated cell bodies[blank_end].

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the [blank_start]autonomic[blank_end] divsion of the nervous sytem.

The [blank_start]parasympathetic division[blank_end] of the nervous system dominates during the relaxed state.

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via [blank_start]sensory neurons[blank_end], while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via [blank_start]motor neurons[blank_end].

Which of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

Label the four main regions of the brain.

Select the following elements contained in the FRONTAL LOBE of the human brain.

Select the following elements contained in the PARIETAL LOBE of the human brain.

Select the following elements contained in the OCCIPITAL LOBE of the human brain.

Select the following elements contained in the TEMPORAL LOBE of the human brain.

Which part of the brain is associated with conscious thought, memory, and personality?

What part of the brain functions as a relay station for information to the limbic system and the cerebral cortex?

An individual who has sufferd a stroke, which has caused damage in his cerebrum, and is now having problems with his hearing, has probably suffered damge to his [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe.

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by the [blank_start]corpus callosum[blank_end].

[blank_start]Short-term memory[blank_end] involves quick bursts of action potentials in the limbic system, and [blank_start]long-term memory[blank_end] resides in the cerebral cortex and involves permanent changes in neurons and synapses.

Short-term memory is associated with the [blank_start]limbic system[blank_end], whereas long-term meory is associated with the [blank_start]cerebral cortex[blank_end].

The coordination necessary for a musician to play the piano depends on control exerted by the

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure?

Which of the following are associated with storage of long-term memory?

Some of the functions of the hypothalamus are the regulation of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control.

Conscious thought is associated wiht the cerebellum.

Psychoactive drugs are characterized by the fact that they alter [blank_start]levels of neurotransmitters[blank_end].

The [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end] coordinates antagonistic muscle movements.

Which of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Rods and cones are the photoreceptors of the eye.

The choroid is the tough layer that forms the "white" of the eye.

The [blank_start]lens[blank_end] changes shape to focus light on the retina.

What is the opening that allows light into the interior of the eye?

Both the lens and the cornea are involved in focusing light.

As humans age, their ability to focus on nearby objects deteoriates. This is the result of

This is the path of light through the eye: 1. [blank_start]Cornea[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Aqueous humor[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Pupil[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Lens[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]Vitreous humor[blank_end] 6. [blank_start]Retina[blank_end]

The retina regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Lasik treatment functions to improve eyesight by changing the shape of the cornea.

The "blind spot" is associated with the...

The primary function of the [blank_start]middle ear[blank_end] is amplifying sound waves.

The following sequence is the pathway by which soundwaves travel through the ear: 1. [blank_start]__________[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]__________[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]__________[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]__________[blank_end]

The part of the ear involved with the sense of equilibrium or balance is the

1. The auditory nerve is located in the [blank_start]inner ear[blank_end]. 2. The [blank_start]inner ear[blank_end] is the site of the vestibular canal and the tympanic canal. 3. Sound waves moving through the [blank_start]outer ear[blank_end] hit the tympanic membrane. 4. The air-filled chamber in the temporal lobe that contains three small bones is located in the [blank_start]middle ear[blank_end].

Label the following parts of the eye.

Label the parts of the ear.

In both Type I and Type II diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal.

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by activating hormone production in the posterior pituitary gland.

Both glucagon and insulin are produced by the pancreas and they regulate blood glucose levels. [blank_start]Glucagon[blank_end] increases blood glucose by stimulating the release of glucose from glycogen, and [blank_start]insulin[blank_end] decreases it by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells.

Select the following TRUE statements abou the functions of hormones.

If the level of calcium in the blood falls below the homeostatic level, ....

You just ate about half of your birthday cake. As a result, your glucose [blank_start]increases[blank_end], insulin [blank_start]increases[blank_end], and glucagon [blank_start]decreases[blank_end].

The [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

Releasing hormones are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly onto the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary.

FSH promotes sperm production and promotes egg development.

Select the following statements that are true about LH.

FSH is produced in the [blank_start]anterior pituitary[blank_end], and LH is produced in the [blank_start]anterior pituitary[blank_end].

Calcitonin stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone.

The parathyroid gland stimulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) when there is low blood Ca2+.

The thymus slowly grows with age.

The gonads produce [blank_start]gametes[blank_end].

The pineal gland is part of the diencephalon.

The pineal gland produces and secretes [blank_start]melatonin[blank_end], which is important in maintaining your circadian rhythm.