Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Frage 1
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Smell disorders are frequently caused by ...
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The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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is involved in triggering of reflexive saccades
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inhibits unwanted reflexive saccades
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is the source of a cortico-cerebellar projection modulating the vestibulo-ocular reflex
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is rarely affected in neurodegenerative disorders
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is intact when antisaccades are directed towards the target
Frage 3
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Dorsal Horn Lamina II neurons
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are all GABAergic
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receive primary afferent input from NGF responsive sensory neurons
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process proprioceptive information
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process exclusively thermal information from the periphery
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are mostly projection neurons
Frage 4
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One of these statements is WRONG: Sensory neurons that respond to noxious heat...
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also respond well to the chili pepper compound capsaicin
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can sometimes also respond to noxious cold
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respond to no other type of stimuli
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almost always respond to noxious mechanical stimuli
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are never polymodal
Frage 5
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The figure below shows the basal aspect of the human brain. Which of the following statements is false?
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The structure labeled with red arrows contains migrating cells of the rostral migratory stream
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The structure labeled with red arrows contains axons of mitral cells
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The structure labeled as “Am” is part of the temporal lobe and target of mitral cell axons
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The asterisk (*) shows the third ventricle
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The black arrow points at the anterior part of the insular cortex
Frage 6
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What afferent fiber type conveys first pinch sensation?
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Group Ia spindle afferents
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Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers
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Large myelinated AB−fibers
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Sympathetic efferent fibers
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Merkel disk afferent fibers
Frage 7
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Inhibition of reflexive saccades is not:
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controlled by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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dependent on omnipause neurons in the brainstem
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visible at the patient’s bedside
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investigated by antisaccade testing
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dependent on Brodmann’s area 46
Frage 8
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Irrepressible bursts of involuntary saccades ("ocular flutter / opsoclonus")
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indicate dysfunction of the prepontine paramedian reticular formation
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occur with lesions affecting the oculomotor nuclei
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indicate dysfunction of omnipause neurons in the nucleus raphe interpositus
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occur with lesions affecting Brodmann's area 46 in the prefrontal cortex
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are a sign of frontal eye field dysfunction
Frage 9
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Which of the following is wrong? Saccade velocity…
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May be reduced by centrally acting drugs
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Depends on activity of premotor burst neurons in the brainstem reticular formation
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Is reduced in neurodegenerative disorders affecting the brainstem reticular formation
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Is normal in Parkinson’s disease
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Is always accompanied by disorders of saccade accuracy
Frage 10
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Sensory neurons in the Dorsal root ganglia have myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Which class off fiber convey vibrotactile sensation?
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Unmyelinated C-fibers
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γ−motor fibers
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Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers
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Large myelinated A-fibers
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Sympathetic efferent fibers
Frage 11
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Impaired fixation suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is a sign of
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Diseases affecting the cerebellar hemispheres
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Disturbed vergence
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Diseases affecting the cerebellar flocculus and/or dorsal vermis
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Lesions affecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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Parkinson’s disease
Frage 12
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Which of the following eye movements changes images of the environment on the fovea?
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Fixation
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Saccades
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Vergence
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Vestibulo-ocular reflex
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Smooth pursuit
Frage 13
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The following structure is not involved in brainstem control of saccades:
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Nucleus raphe interpositus
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Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
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Oculomotor nuclei
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Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini
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Prepontine paramedian reticular formation
Frage 14
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Which of the following statements is correct?
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Olfactory loss can be an early sign of Parkinson’s disease.
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Olfactory loss is rarely seen in elderly people.
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Olfactory loss is commonly associated with brain lesion after stroke.
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Olfactory loss is not associated with Huntington’s disease.
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Olfactory loss can be an early sign of measles.
Frage 15
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The following sensations are mediated through oral stimuli. What sensations are mediated through neurons with cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion?
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bitter through caffeine
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umami through glutamate
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sour through vinegar
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hot through capsaicin
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sweet through sucrose
Frage 16
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The most frequent causes of olfactory loss in adults are…
Frage 17
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Mature Nerve growth factor
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is an endogenous mediator of inflammatory pain in growing individuals
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can activate p75 to produce hyperalgesia
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stimulates mast cell proliferation
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activates the sortillin receptor
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can kill adult sensory neurons
Frage 18
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The “neural integrator” in the brainstem and cerebellar flocculus
Antworten
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Controls the vestibulo-ocular reflex
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Controls accuracy of saccades
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Transforms a saccade velocity signal into a tonic signal for gaze holding in eccentric positions
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Determines saccade velocity by integrating activity of neurons in oculomotor nuclei
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Is involved in generating vergence eye movements