Head pathologies pt 2 :)

Beschreibung

Content credits to Dayo (PUNS) and Will Adams (MegaTeach)
Plymouth Med
Quiz von Plymouth Med, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Plymouth Med
Erstellt von Plymouth Med vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?
Antworten
  • thyroid
  • bronchus
  • breast
  • stomach
  • kidney
  • prostate
  • melanoma
  • ovarian
  • mouth
  • liver

Frage 2

Frage
Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?
Antworten
  • astrocytoma
  • ependyoma
  • medullablastoma
  • schwannoma

Frage 3

Frage
Meninngioma is more common in women
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
Primary Brain Trauma [blank_start]Car[blank_end] crashes Falls [blank_start]Bullet[blank_end] wounds Secondary Brain Trauma Brain [blank_start]bleeds[blank_end] [blank_start]Swelling[blank_end] Meningitis
Antworten
  • Bullet
  • Car
  • bleeds
  • Swelling

Frage 5

Frage
Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?
Antworten
  • sepsis
  • hearing loss
  • epilepsy
  • vision loss
  • death
  • learning difficulties
  • partial paralysis
  • loss of taste
  • anaphylaxis
  • psychogenic behaviors

Frage 6

Frage
What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?
Antworten
  • brain herniation
  • convulsions
  • shock
  • extensive purpura
  • infection over site
  • coagulation abnormalities
  • meningitis
  • anticoagulation abnormalities
  • cluster headache
  • partial blindness

Frage 7

Frage
What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?
Antworten
  • headache
  • fever
  • neck stiffness
  • photophobia
  • non-blanching rash
  • caused by virus, bacteria, or fungus
  • Kernig's sign
  • affects patient's balance/stability
  • in elderly cases, will resolve itself usually
  • blanching rash

Frage 8

Frage
Treat all suspected meningitis with: IM [blank_start]benzylpenicillin[blank_end] in community IV [blank_start]ceftriaxone[blank_end]/ cefotaxime If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give [blank_start]rifampicin[blank_end] prophylaxis
Antworten
  • benzylpenicillin
  • ceftriaxone
  • rifampicin

Frage 9

Frage
If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:
Antworten
  • 1. ABCDE
  • 2. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat
  • 3. Lumbar puncture
  • 4. Blood culture
  • 3. Blood culture
  • 2. Blood culture
  • 3. Ceftriaxone 4mg IV stat
  • 4. Lumbar puncture
  • 5. Bedside observations

Frage 10

Frage
Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
What is not a type of dementia?
Antworten
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Vascular dementia
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Fronto-temporal dementia
  • Cerebellar dementia

Frage 12

Frage
In [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]Body[blank_end] dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later [blank_start]parkinsonism[blank_end]. Histology is characterized by [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end] in brainstem and neocortex.
Antworten
  • Lewy
  • Body
  • Lewy
  • bodies
  • parkinsonism

Frage 13

Frage
[blank_start]Frontotemporal[blank_end] dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology. Symptoms: [blank_start]Behavioral[blank_end] and personality change preservation of [blank_start]episodic[blank_end] memory and [blank_start]spatial[blank_end] orientation [blank_start]disinhibition[blank_end] emotional unconcern
Antworten
  • Frontotemporal
  • disinhibition
  • episodic
  • spatial
  • Behavioral

Frage 14

Frage
[blank_start]Vascular[blank_end] dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic. Look for evidence of [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] pathology. Management: Manage [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] disease risk factors with [blank_start]lifestyle[blank_end] changes + [blank_start]medication[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Vascular
  • vascular
  • vascular
  • lifestyle
  • medication

Frage 15

Frage
[blank_start]Alzheimer's[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities. Histology: characterised by neuritic [blank_start]plaques[blank_end] and [blank_start]neurofibrillary[blank_end] tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Alzheimer's
  • disease
  • neurofibrillary
  • acetylcholine
  • plaques

Frage 16

Frage
Alzheimer's disease Management: [blank_start]Multidisciplinary[blank_end] approach Medication: 1st line: [blank_start]Donezepil[blank_end] (an [blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end] [blank_start]esterase[blank_end] inhibitor)
Antworten
  • Donezepil
  • Acetylcholine
  • esterase
  • Multidisciplinary

Frage 17

Frage
What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?
Antworten
  • tremor
  • bradykinesia
  • rigidity
  • aphasia

Frage 18

Frage
Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the [blank_start]substantia[blank_end] [blank_start]nigra[blank_end] where [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] is produced. Management: [blank_start]L[blank_end]-[blank_start]Dopa[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Dopa
  • L
  • substantia
  • nigra
  • dopamine

Frage 19

Frage
The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
[blank_start]Horner's[blank_end] [blank_start]syndrome[blank_end] is when the sympathetic nervous system to the eye is compromised.
Antworten
  • Horner's
  • syndrome

Frage 21

Frage
What can cause Horner's syndrome?
Antworten
  • CNS infarctions
  • CNS tumors
  • Carotid artery dissection
  • Neck malignancies
  • Cluster headaches
  • Tension-type headaches
  • Blindness
  • Vertebral artery dissection

Frage 22

Frage
Presentation of Horner's Syndrome: Classic triad: Unilateral [blank_start]miosis[blank_end] (constricted pupil) Unilateral [blank_start]partial[blank_end] [blank_start]ptosis[blank_end] (eyelid drooping) Unilateral apparent [blank_start]enophthalmos[blank_end] (sunken eye) and Unilateral [blank_start]anhidrosis[blank_end] (inability to sweat)
Antworten
  • miosis
  • partial
  • ptosis
  • enophthalmos
  • anhidrosis

Frage 23

Frage
[blank_start]Oculomotor[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as down and out pupil with a drooping eyelid.
Antworten
  • Oculomotor
  • nerve

Frage 24

Frage
Majority of the extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 25

Frage
[blank_start]Trochlear[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty looking down in an adducted position.
Antworten
  • Trochlear
  • nerve

Frage 26

Frage
Trochlear nerve is very susceptible to trauma.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
[blank_start]Abducens[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty with abduction of eyes.
Antworten
  • Abducens
  • nerve

Frage 28

Frage
Abducens nerve is rarely injured but trauma can cause compression of it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
[blank_start]Post[blank_end]-[blank_start]herpetic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuralgia[blank_end] is a persistent nerve pain that occurs at the site of a previous attack of shingles. It is difficult to treat but can be managed via neuropathic pain agents such as [blank_start]amitriptyline[blank_end] or gabapentin.
Antworten
  • neuralgia
  • herpetic
  • Post
  • amitriptyline

Frage 30

Frage
Ramsey Hunt Syndrome includes facial nerve palsy and hearing may be affected as a result.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
What are unilateral causes for facial nerve palsy?
Antworten
  • hemispheric stroke
  • cerebellopontine angle tumor
  • bell's palsy
  • trauma
  • middle ear infection
  • ramsey hunt syndrome
  • ischemic stroke
  • saturday night palsy
  • inner ear infection
  • cushing's syndrome

Frage 32

Frage
Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes [blank_start]sensorineural[blank_end] hearing loss. [blank_start]Vertigo[blank_end] is the sensation of the room spinning
Antworten
  • Vertigo
  • sensorineural

Frage 33

Frage
[blank_start]Glossopharyngeal[blank_end] nerve damage can lead to ipsilateral diminished taste sensation
Antworten
  • Glossopharyngeal

Frage 34

Frage
[blank_start]Recurrent[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of [blank_start]phonation[blank_end]. It is commonly injured in [blank_start]neck[blank_end] surgeries, which can lead to a [blank_start]hoarse[blank_end] voice
Antworten
  • Recurrent
  • laryngeal
  • phonation
  • neck
  • hoarse

Frage 35

Frage
Damage to the vagus nerve can manifest as [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] failure to raise soft palate with [blank_start]uvula[blank_end] deviation to the opposite side
Antworten
  • ipsilateral
  • uvula

Frage 36

Frage
Damage to the accessory nerve will manifest as weakness in [blank_start]rotating[blank_end] the head to [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] side of lesion and the weakness in [blank_start]shrugging[blank_end] shoulders.
Antworten
  • rotating
  • opposite
  • shrugging

Frage 37

Frage
Hypoglossal nerve: A unilateral [blank_start]LMN[blank_end] lesion causes: tongue weakness and [blank_start]fasciculation[blank_end] tongue [blank_start]deviates[blank_end] in the [blank_start]direction[blank_end] of nerve lesion
Antworten
  • fasciculation
  • direction
  • deviates
  • LMN

Frage 38

Frage
What are the bulbar nerves, which all arise in the medulla and as a result, are commonly injured together.
Antworten
  • CN 9-12
  • CN 4-7
  • CN 8 - 11
  • CN 2-6

Frage 39

Frage
Bulbar nerves all have similar pathologie that leads to dysphagia and dysarthria.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
[blank_start]Pseudobulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral UMN lesion: Spastic tongue (not wasted) no fasciculations [blank_start]Exaggerated[blank_end] jaw jerk [blank_start]Emotional[blank_end] liability Traumatic brain injury or [blank_start]stroke[blank_end] [blank_start]Bulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral LMN lesion: Wasting of tongue with fasciculations [blank_start]Normal[blank_end] jaw jerk [blank_start]Myasthenia[blank_end] [blank_start]gravis[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Pseudobulbar
  • Bulbar
  • Emotional
  • Myasthenia
  • gravis
  • Normal
  • Exaggerated
  • stroke

Frage 41

Frage
What is not a trigger for trigeminal neuralgia?
Antworten
  • washing
  • shaving
  • wind
  • chewing
  • sunlight

Frage 42

Frage
ften caused by [blank_start]compression[blank_end] at [blank_start]cerebellopontine[blank_end] angle Trigeminal neuralgia presents as severe [blank_start]pain[blank_end] (paroxysms of knife-like or electric shock). These pain spasms last for [blank_start]seconds[blank_end] with multiple episodes before a remission for [blank_start]months[blank_end] or even years before reoccurrence Treatment: [blank_start]carbamazepine[blank_end], surgical [blank_start]decompression[blank_end], or [blank_start]ablation[blank_end]
Antworten
  • cerebellopontine
  • compression
  • seconds
  • months
  • carbamazepine
  • decompression
  • ablation
  • pain
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