13018106
Beschreibung
Quiz von Jennifer Gay, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Jennifer Gay
vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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Frage 1
Antworten
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Learning disabilities
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Persistent, interfering inattention
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Persistent, interfering hyperactivity
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or impulsivity
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behavioral comorbidities
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childhood onset
Frage 2
Antworten
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Intellectual disability
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reciprocal social communication
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early childhood onset
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repetitive or restrictive behavior
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behavioral comorbidities
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medical comorbidities
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genetic syndrome
Frage 3
Frage
What is true about the overlap of ADHD and ASD?
Antworten
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30-80% of children with ASD also meet criteria for ADHD
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up to 25% of children with ADHD meet criteria for ASD
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ASD diagnosis "trumps" ADHD diagnosis
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Core features may "masquarade" as each other
Frage 4
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Genetics account for 70-80% of the risk for ADHD.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
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What genes have been linked to ADHD?
Antworten
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Dopamin transporter gene (DAT)
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Dopamine D4 (DRD4)
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Dopamine D5 (DRD5)
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Dopamine D2 (DRD2)
Frage 6
Frage
What are possible prenatal etiologies for ADHD?
Antworten
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maternal smoking/ETOH use
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premature birth
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total increased pregnancy complications
Frage 7
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Which of the following are possible post-natal etiologies of ADHD?
Antworten
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Malnutrition
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Head trauma
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Brain hypoxia
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Tumors
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Infection
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lead poisoning in preschool years
Frage 8
Frage
In MRI studieis, children and adolescents with ADHD exhibited [blank_start]delays[blank_end] in cortical maturation, prominent in the [blank_start]prefrontal[blank_end] regions. Approzimately a [blank_start]2-4[blank_end] year delay.
Antworten
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delays
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prefrontal
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2-4
Frage 9
Frage
Children and adults with ADHD have been found to have larger brain volume.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 10
Frage
What has been found with neuroimaging in ADHD?
Antworten
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Lower overall brain volume
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Lower grey matter density
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White matter abnormalities
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Reduced cortical thickness
Frage 11
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The [blank_start]frontal-limbic[blank_end] (reward) network is responsible for [blank_start]emotional dysregulation[blank_end], [blank_start]motivation[blank_end] deficits, [blank_start]hyperactivity[blank_end]-impulsivity, and proneness to [blank_start]aggression[blank_end].
Antworten
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frontal-limbic
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emotional dysregulation
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motivation
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hyperactivity
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aggression
Frage 12
Frage
ASD is more prevalent in males at 4:1
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following are possible etiologies of ASD?
Antworten
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parental age
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birth complications
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prenatal exposures to certain medications, infections
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immunizations
Frage 14
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What structural changes have been found in an ASD brain?
Antworten
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early overgrowth and amygdala enlargement
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early overgrowth and hippocampus enlargement
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early overgrowth of the PFC
Frage 15
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What functional changes occur in the ASD brain?
Antworten
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"social brain" and network connectivity
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neurotransmitter inhibition
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word finding difficulties
Frage 16
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Regarding early brain overgrowth in Autism
Antworten
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a retrospective screening strategy measures an infants head before the age of 3
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a prospective screening strategy scans high risk infants and follows up with those that develop autism
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there is an abnormal cessation of growth later in childhood
Frage 17
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What are possible reasons for increased brain volume?
Antworten
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Increased cortical thickness
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Increased cortical surface area
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Lots of thinking happening
Frage 18
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What are cortical minicolumns?
Antworten
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The smallest functional unit of the cortex
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the things that hold your brain in place
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the basis for lateral induction
Frage 19
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The structural changes in ASD are
Antworten
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Higher total brain volume starting between 6 and 12 months old
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Early overgrowth which appears to be stemming from increased cortical surface area
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Increased surface area, due to an increased number of radial units and/or wider spacing of cortical minicolumns
Frage 20
Frage
What structural change are the social deficits in ASD attributed to?
Antworten
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Enlarged amygdala in early childhood
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increased brain volume
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increased cortical thickness
Frage 21
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The reduced neuron and oligodendrocyte count in adults may reflect normalization of size or slower growth trajectory later in life
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
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Inhibition of amygdala via the vmPFC is diminished in ASD when viewing faces
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
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What is true about both ADHD and ASD?
Antworten
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Highly heritable
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Fairly prevalent
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Early intervention makes no difference in outcome of treatmetn
Frage 24
Frage
Early intervention in ASD is critical and has led to improved early screening, increasing apparent prevalence
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
Frage
In ADHD, there are 5 networks that affect
Antworten
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attention
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executive function
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hyperactivity
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language
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social skills
Frage 26
Frage
In ASD, surface area changes can be detected in the first year of life, but a diagnosis cannot be made until age 3
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
In ASD, there is an abnormal brain response to joint attention
Antworten
- True
- False
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