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GAB - Respiratory System

Beschreibung

MCQ covering the 3 respiratory lectures in the graduate accelerated course at RVC.
Marina Martins
Quiz von Marina Martins, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Erstellt von Marina Martins vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Tidal volume refers to
Antworten
  • the volume of air in the lungs when passively breathing
  • the lung volume when inhaling to the full extent of lung capacity
  • the lung volume of maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation
  • the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling

Frage 2

Frage
Which animal would have the highest tidal volume?
Antworten
  • Cow
  • Horse
  • Man
  • Dog

Frage 3

Frage
Which animal would have the lowest respiratory frequency?
Antworten
  • Dog
  • Man
  • Cow
  • Horse

Frage 4

Frage
All domestic species have two clearly-defined lobes in their left lung, EXCEPT for...
Antworten
  • horses
  • ruminants
  • pigs
  • carnivores

Frage 5

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the right lung?
Antworten
  • cranial
  • middle
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory

Frage 6

Frage
Which animal(s) has its cranial lobe supplied by the tracheal bronchus?
Antworten
  • Sheep
  • Cow
  • Pig
  • Horse
  • Dog

Frage 7

Frage
Which lung lobe lies along the ventral midline of the left and right lung?
Antworten
  • cranial
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory
  • middle

Frage 8

Frage
Which pleura lines the lateral wall of the rib cage?
Antworten
  • mediastinal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • costal pleura
  • visceral pleura

Frage 9

Frage
Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?
Antworten
  • lungs
  • thymus
  • trachea
  • heart
  • caudal vena cava
  • right phrenic nerve
  • oesophagus

Frage 10

Frage
Which pleura is attached to the surface of the lung?
Antworten
  • pulmonary pleura
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • mediastinal pleura

Frage 11

Frage
"Roaring" is usually caused by damage to which nerve?
Antworten
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve

Frage 12

Frage
Which of the following make up the conducting airways?
Antworten
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs

Frage 13

Frage
Gas exchange occurs in the
Antworten
  • conducting airways
  • respiratory zone

Frage 14

Frage
Dead spaces refer to areas that are ventilated but not perfused.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Antworten
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • ciliated cuboidal epithelium
  • ciliated stratified squamous epitihelium
  • non-ciliated columnar epithelium

Frage 16

Frage
Which of the following are characteristics of the bronchus?
Antworten
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • contains goblet cells
  • contains clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial

Frage 17

Frage
Which of the following are characteristics of bronchioles?
Antworten
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • has goblet cells
  • has clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial sheath

Frage 18

Frage
Contraction of which structure allows for redistribution of gas in the lungs?
Antworten
  • alveolar duct
  • alveolar sac
  • alveolus
  • respiratory bronchiole

Frage 19

Frage
What is considered the "exhcange tissue" of the lung?
Antworten
  • Alveloli
  • Pneumocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Frage 20

Frage
Connective tissue cells and fibers make up the alveolar interstitium.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary fibrosis?
Antworten
  • large deposition of collage when prevents proper inspiration
  • large deposition of fibrin
  • invasion of basophils into the alveolar spaces
  • inefficient gas exchange
  • reduced compliance

Frage 22

Frage
Blood in the bronchial artery drains via the
Antworten
  • common capillary network
  • bronchial veins
  • azygous veins

Frage 23

Frage
What type of muscle surrounds the airways in the lung?
Antworten
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

Frage 24

Frage
Fick's law refers to
Antworten
  • how the rate of gas exchange is affected by the pressure difference, thickness and total surface area of a tissue
  • the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin when related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration
  • how the energy contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest
  • how the binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the lungs causes the displacement of CO2 from hemoglobin

Frage 25

Frage
How would an increase in tissue thickness affect gas exchange?
Antworten
  • it would decrease
  • it would increase
  • it would not change

Frage 26

Frage
What is the partial pressure of O2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary respectively?
Antworten
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 110 mmHg
  • A: 104 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg

Frage 27

Frage
What is the partial pressure of CO2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary?
Antworten
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 45 mmHg
  • A: 110 mmHg V: 45 mmHg

Frage 28

Frage
All other factors being the same, which partial pressures would result in the slowest diffusion of O2 into the tissue?
Antworten
  • Arterial blood PO2: 95 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 40 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 80 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 60 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 70 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 20 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 120 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 70 mmHg

Frage 29

Frage
In a normal animal, how would perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) be affected in the lower region of the lung?
Antworten
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be equally lower
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be equally higher

Frage 30

Frage
In a normal animal, how would ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) be affected in the upper zone of the lungs?
Antworten
  • both Q and V would be lower but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q < V
  • both Q and V would equally increase
  • both Q and V would equally decrease

Frage 31

Frage
In the upper zone of the lung, ventilation is better than perfusion.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
A small degree of shunt occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Antworten
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Frage 33

Frage
A small degree of deadspace occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Antworten
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Frage 34

Frage
How would a tracheal blockage affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Antworten
  • decreased V/Q
  • increased V/Q
  • there would be no change

Frage 35

Frage
A tracheal blockage would result in...
Antworten
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Frage 36

Frage
A thromboembolism would result in...
Antworten
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Frage 37

Frage
How would a thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Antworten
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • there would be no change

Frage 38

Frage
How would a decrease in stroke volume affect V/Q?
Antworten
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • V/Q would be unaffected

Frage 39

Frage
How would a decrease in afterload affect V/Q?
Antworten
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • it would be unchanged

Frage 40

Frage
How does the partial pressure of oxygen affect hemoglobin-oxygen binding?
Antworten
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb

Frage 41

Frage
How would heavy exercise affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?
Antworten
  • it would shift to the right
  • it would shift to the left
  • it would be unchaged

Frage 42

Frage
Hemoglobin affinity for carbon monoxide is much lower than for oxygen.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 43

Frage
The majority of carbon dioxide is carried as...
Antworten
  • dissolved CO2
  • HbCO2
  • HCO3-

Frage 44

Frage
Which of the following are muscles of inspiration?
Antworten
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • no muscles are used

Frage 45

Frage
Resting breathing uses which muscles for expiration?
Antworten
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Frage 46

Frage
Breathing during exercise uses which muscles for expiration?
Antworten
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Frage 47

Frage
How would transpulmonary pressure change during ventilation?
Antworten
  • increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration
  • decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration
  • it would remain constant during both inspiration and expiration

Frage 48

Frage
Which animal would have more compliant lungs?
Antworten
  • horse
  • dog
  • sheep
  • cat

Frage 49

Frage
Which of the following would cause an increase in compliance?
Antworten
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • alveolar oedema
  • pulmonary emphysema
  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Frage 50

Frage
What cell type is responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?
Antworten
  • Type 1 pnuemocytes
  • Type 2 pnuemocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Frage 51

Frage
Surface tension increases in...
Antworten
  • smaller alveoli
  • larger alveoli

Frage 52

Frage
Acetylcholine binds to which receptor type in the lungs?
Antworten
  • M1
  • M3
  • Nm
  • Nn
  • M2

Frage 53

Frage
Parasympathetic innervation to the lung can close which airways?
Antworten
  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Bronchioles

Frage 54

Frage
An increase of [H+] in the blood would result in...
Antworten
  • increased ventilation
  • decreased ventilation

Frage 55

Frage
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Antworten
  • ventral surface of the medulla
  • carotid artery
  • aortic artery

Frage 56

Frage
If the peripheral chemoreceptors detect a reduced arterial PO2, it would result in
Antworten
  • an increase in breathing
  • a decrease in breathing
  • no change in breathing

Frage 57

Frage
Which nuclei cause contraction of the accessory muscles during exercise?
Antworten
  • dorsal respiratory group
  • ventral respiratory group
  • pontine nuclei

Frage 58

Frage
In a normal animal, which of the following drives ventilation?
Antworten
  • CO2
  • pH
  • O2

Frage 59

Frage
What is the primary respiratory control center?
Antworten
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • thalamus

Frage 60

Frage
The activation of which neural group would result in a decrease in tidal volume?
Antworten
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

Frage 61

Frage
The activation of which neural group would result in an increase in tidal volume?
Antworten
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla
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