1440491
Frage 1
Frage
Proliferation is the production of new cells
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 2
Frage
Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 3
Frage
Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
Frage
The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
Frage
Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 6
Frage
Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 7
Frage
Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 8
Frage
Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 9
Frage
Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 10
Frage
Proliferation is the:
Antworten
-
Formation of dendrites and an axon
-
Movement of primitive neurons and glia
-
Insulation process that occurs on some axons
-
Production of new cells
Frage 11
Frage
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form
Antworten
-
Nuclei
-
Axons
-
Ganglions
-
Dendrites
Frage 12
Frage
In humans, myelination first occurs in the:
Antworten
-
Midbrain
-
Hindbrain
-
Forebrain
-
Spinal cord
Frage 13
Frage
When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon:
Antworten
-
Regenerated to the area where it had originally been
-
Regenerated to a random location
-
Regenerated, but to the area appropriate to its new location
-
Degenerated
Frage 14
Frage
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:
Antworten
-
Through necrosis
-
Through apoptosis
-
Based on their size
-
By following a gradient of chemicals
Frage 15
Frage
Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. The general principle is called:
Antworten
-
Apoptosis
-
Evolution
-
Neural Darwinism
-
Natural selection
Frage 16
Frage
_____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction
Antworten
-
Glia
-
Immunoglobulin
-
Neurotrophins
-
Chemokines
Frage 17
Frage
The function of neurotrophins is to:
Antworten
-
Be used as fuel
-
Promote survival of axons
-
Signal that an axon has been "rejected"
-
Inhibit proliferation
Frage 18
Frage
In infants, anaesthetic drugs can increase:
Antworten
-
Myelination
-
Migration
-
Apoptosis
-
Proliferation
Frage 19
Frage
What brain abnormalities are found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
Antworten
-
Lack of dopamine receptors
-
Short dendrites with few branches
-
Smaller than normal ventricles
-
Short axons with few branches
Frage 20
Frage
Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:
Antworten
-
Have slightly lower IQ scores
-
Are likely to develop Turner's syndrome
-
Are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy
-
Have a slightly higher birth weight
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following seem to be particularly important for branching neurons during brain development?
Antworten
-
Having good teachers
-
Playing logic games
-
Having a sterile environment
-
Physical activity
Frage 22
Frage
Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
Antworten
-
Haemorrhage of an artery
-
Ischemia from an obstruction of an artery
-
Blow to the head
-
Lack of glucose
Frage 23
Frage
Ischaemia is to _____as haemorrhage is to _____
Antworten
-
Obstruction; rupture
-
Proximal; distal
-
Barely noticeable; lethal
-
Older individuals; younger individuals
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following treatments would be most likely to help a patient starting several days after a stroke?
Antworten
-
Extensive bed rest
-
Administering tranquillisers
-
Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy
-
Injecting a drug to block dopamine
Frage 25
Frage
What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?
Antworten
-
Denervation supersensitivity
-
Bifurcations
-
Diaschisis
-
Collateral sprouts
Frage 26
Frage
_____ helps compensate for decreased axon input
Antworten
-
Enervation supersensitivity
-
Disuse supersensitivity
-
Denervation supersensitivity
-
Axon supersensitivity
Frage 27
Frage
A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called:
Antworten
-
Neuralgia
-
Ghost limb
-
Tingling limb
-
Phantom limb
Frage 28
Frage
Sensations from phantom limbs:
Antworten
-
Do not have a neural basis
-
Are a result of brain reorganisation
-
Can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically
-
Come from the stump of the amputated limb
Frage 29
Frage
The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:
Antworten
-
Forebrain
-
Midbrain
-
Spinal cord
-
Ventricular system
Frage 30
Frage
Stem cells are important for which of the following developmental processes?
Antworten
-
Migration
-
Proliferation
-
Myelination
-
Synaptogenesis
Frage 31
Frage
What term describes the movement of primitive neurons and glia within the developing nervous system?
Antworten
-
Differentiation
-
Migration
-
Myelination
-
Proliferation
Frage 32
Frage
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form.
Antworten
-
Dendrites
-
Axons
-
Nuclei
-
Ganglions
Frage 33
Frage
The formation of new synapses is called:
Antworten
-
Synaptogenesis
-
Differentiation
-
Migration
-
Fusion
Frage 34
Frage
Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called:
Antworten
-
Parallel fibres
-
Intrinsic cells
-
Stem cells
-
Glomeruli
Frage 35
Frage
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area
Antworten
-
By following a gradient of chemicals
-
Through apoptosis
-
Through necrosis
-
Based on their size
Frage 36
Frage
Apoptosis:
Antworten
-
Is a programmed mechanism of cell death
-
Promotes the survival and growth of the axon
-
Promotes the survival and growth of dendrites
-
Promotes the activity of neurons
Frage 37
Frage
Massive cell death in the brain during prenatal development is:
Antworten
-
An indication of a genetic abnormality
-
An indication of restricted blood flow to the foetus
-
Usually due to an autoimmune disorder
-
Normal
Frage 38
Frage
In development, neurotrophins _____. During adulthood, they _____.
Antworten
-
Preserve neurons; produce apoptosis
-
Produce apoptosis; increase neural branching
-
Facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration
-
Preserve neurons; increase neural branching
Frage 39
Frage
In what order are the five distinct stages in the development of the brain
Antworten
-
Migration, differentiation, proliferation, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, differentiation, migration, myelination, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, migration, differentiation, myelination, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, myelination, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis
Frage 40
Frage
Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is possible?
Antworten
-
a. Denervation supersensitivity
-
b. Collateral sprouting
-
c. Axonal regrowth
-
d. All of the above
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