Patho mod 1 (from matrix)

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:

The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:

Which of the following is described by an incomplete blockage of coronary arteries; occurs when a the client exerts themself?

George comes in complaining of episodic chest pain that is relieved after a couple of minutes, he states that it occurs at random times throughout the day, even when he is sitting down. Imaging identifies an incomplete blockage by atherosclerotic plaque in the LAD. What category of IHD is likely to be presenting in George?

WIlson, aged 42, presents with a medical history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and family history of premature CAD presents with retrosternal crushing chest pain (10/10 in intensity), radiating down the left arm and left side of the neck. He feels nauseated and light-headed and is short of breath. Examination reveals a hypotensive, diaphoretic man in considerable discomfort with diffuse bilateral rales on chest auscultation. ECG reveals convex ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V6. what is the diagnosis for this patient?

A 69-year-old man develops worsening substernal chest pressure after going for a walk in the morning before work. He tells his wife he feels a squeezing pain that is radiating to his jaw and left shoulder. He appears anxious and his wife calls for an ambulance, as he is distressed and sweating profusely. Past medical history is significant for HTN and he has been told by his doctor that he has borderline diabetes. On examination in the emergency department he is very anxious and diaphoretic. His heart rate is 112 bpm and BP is 159/93 mmHg. The ECG is significant for ST depression in the anterior leads. Three doses of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate provide little relief. What is the most likely diagnosis

What is the difference between angina and MI?

Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?

What type of IHD will have transmural damage on the heart?

Whilst under the care for an infarction, which occured 4 days ago, Mary is suspected of having another Infarction, which cardiac marker will be most use full for prooving reinfarction?

Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:

What type of hypertension is defined as uncontrollable hypertension even when treated with three or more drugs?

What type of hypertension is the result of another disease?

Atherosclerosis; sclerotic, narrow blood vessels, may be caused by what chronic condition?

A 34-year-old man who is an intravenous drug user has presented to the emergency department with malaise, abdominal pain, and lethargy. The health care team wants to rule out endocarditis as a diagnosis. Staff of the department would most realistically anticipate which of the following sets of diagnostics?

Which one of the following is not a pathophysiological change associated with heart failure?

A 3-year-old child with right-sided heart failure has been admitted for worsening of his condition. Which of the following assessments would be considered one of the earliest signs of systemic venous congestion in this toddler?

A nurse will be providing care for a female patient who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right sided. Which of the following statements best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client

A nurse will be providing care for a female patient who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right sided. Which of the following statements best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client

A 65-year-old male with history of untreated hypertension is now experiencing left heart failure. The most likely reason is

Right heart failure will likely cause:

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:

A 72-year-old female has history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. which of the following symptoms are directly related to her heart failure?

All but one of the following are signs of congestive heart failure EXCEPT:

What is not one of the ways a dysrhythmia may be classified?

Multifocal atrial tachycardia;

">350 bpm caused by multiple atrial re-entry mechanisms with the atria"

What are the typical early clinical manifestations of anaemia?

Which of the following is typically not associated with anaemia?

Anaemia due to inherited mutations that reduce the production of either alpha or beta haemoglobin chains is known as:

Chronic blood loss causes anaemia because of the:

Transmural damage is commonly seen in?

Heart failure is when the heart is unable to pump enough blood around the body to meet the _________ needs of the body.

Which of the below is not a direct cause of right sided heart failure?

which of the below is not a direct cause of Left sided heart failure?

Oedema caused by Right sided heart failure does not include

Pulmonary congestion is caused by?

From the following; treatment is limited to electrical defibrillation.

Which of the following is not a way anaemia is classified?

Which of the following is not apart of FBC for anaemia?

which of the following is not a general clinical manifestation of anaemia?