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PALS Quiz

Beschreibung

Multiple Choice Quiz for PALS
Hayden Worwood
Quiz von Hayden Worwood, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Hayden Worwood
Erstellt von Hayden Worwood vor etwa 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
A 5-year-old child in supraventricular tachycardia has adequate pulses with the rhythm. Supplemental oxygen is in place and vital signs are stable except for the elevated heart rate. The most appropriate next intervention for this child is
Antworten
  • Unsynchronized cardioversion
  • Vagal maneuvers
  • Synchronized cardioversion
  • Amiodarone

Frage 2

Frage
A child has an advanced airway in place during cardiac arrest. How frequently should ventilations be given?
Antworten
  • Every 3 Seconds
  • Every 6 Seconds
  • Every 10 Seconds
  • Every 12 Seconds

Frage 3

Frage
You are using a bag-valve mask to resuscitate an infant, while another rescuer is performing chest compressions. What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations?
Antworten
  • 30 Chest compressions to 2 ventilations
  • 15 Chest compressions to 2 ventilations
  • 30 Ventilations to 2 chest compressions
  • 15 ventilations to 2 chest compressions

Frage 4

Frage
You are alone performing infant CPR. What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations?
Antworten
  • 30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
  • 15 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
  • 30 ventilations to 2 chest compressions
  • 15 ventilations to 2 chest compressions

Frage 5

Frage
A 7 month old appears to be unconscious and not breathing. You check for a pulse at the ________ artery.
Antworten
  • Brachial
  • Femoral
  • Carotid
  • Coronary

Frage 6

Frage
A clear sign of upper airway obstruction is:
Antworten
  • Decreased inspiratory effort
  • Breath sounds in all lung fields
  • Crying
  • A “whistling” sound during breathing

Frage 7

Frage
In children, which of the following is the most common form of arrest?
Antworten
  • Respiratory arrest
  • Ventricular fibrillation – cardiac arrest
  • Ventricular tachycardia – cardiac arrest
  • PEA – cardiac arrest

Frage 8

Frage
In small children, a rescue breath should be given:
Antworten
  • As quickly as possible
  • As slowly as possible
  • Over one second
  • Over three seconds

Frage 9

Frage
What is the normal range of heart rates for an 8-year-old child?
Antworten
  • 80-205 per minute
  • 75-190 per minute
  • 60-140 per minute
  • 50-100 per minute

Frage 10

Frage
The child you are caring for is very pale. You know that this pallor can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Anemia
  • Heat
  • Shock
  • Albinism

Frage 11

Frage
Clinical signs of respiratory distress may include all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Rapid respiratory rate
  • Grunting respirations
  • Warm, pink skin
  • Diminished level of consciousness

Frage 12

Frage
Late and ominous signs of respiratory failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Rapid respiratory rate
  • Cyanosis
  • Bradycardia
  • Diminished level of consciousness

Frage 13

Frage
The 8-year-old child you are treating has a palpable pulse and a heart rate of 200. You look at the monitor and see a rapid rhythm with narrow QRS complexes. There are no discernible P waves on the monitor. The rhythm is probably:
Antworten
  • Sinus tachycardia
  • Supraventricular tachycardia
  • Sinus rhythm
  • Ventricular tachycardia

Frage 14

Frage
You are doing CPR on a child with symptomatic bradycardia. An intravenous line is in place. What is the first drug of choice for the patient?
Antworten
  • Atropine
  • Epinepherine
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Dopamine

Frage 15

Frage
High-quality CPR for young children includes:
Antworten
  • Compress to a depth of at least one third of the child's chest diameter
  • Compress at a rate between 100 and 120 compressions per minute
  • Minimize interruptions to chest compressions
  • All of the above

Frage 16

Frage
You are the team leader on a team resuscitating a child without a pulse or respirations. When you look at the monitor, you see a disorganized rhythm with chaotic electrical activity. This rhythm is most likely:
Antworten
  • Asystole
  • PEA
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Ventricular tachycardia

Frage 17

Frage
The goal of the PALS team in the treatment of shock is to:
Antworten
  • Improve oxygen delivery
  • Prevent organ injury
  • Stop the progression to cardiopulmonary failure
  • All of the above

Frage 18

Frage
When evaluating a child's bradycardia, it is important to consider the child's:
Antworten
  • Baseline rate
  • Level of activity
  • Clinical condition
  • All of the above

Frage 19

Frage
For asystole, the team should do CPR until IV or IO access is achieved. The drug of choice for asystole is:
Antworten
  • Amiodarone
  • Epinephrine
  • Lidocaine
  • Atropine

Frage 20

Frage
In school age children and infants, the two most common initial rhythms seen in pediatric cardiac arrest are:
Antworten
  • Asystole and PEA
  • Asystole and VF
  • PEA and VF
  • Pulseless VT and VF

Frage 21

Frage
What is not a typical sign of respiratory distress?
Antworten
  • tachypnea
  • fever
  • nasal flaring
  • tachycardia

Frage 22

Frage
What is the most common form of infectious pneumonia which often causes empyema?
Antworten
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
  • mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • chlamydia pneumoniae
  • staphylococcus pneumoniae

Frage 23

Frage
Children with increased ICP typically will present with all the following except which? Mark one answer:
Antworten
  • irregular breathing
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension

Frage 24

Frage
Shock occurs with which level of blood pressure?
Antworten
  • decreased
  • increased
  • normal
  • all the above

Frage 25

Frage
The recommended priority of treatment of ischemic hypoxia is what?
Antworten
  • oxygen administration
  • increase cardiac output
  • restore hemoglobin concentration
  • none of the above

Frage 26

Frage
Myocordial dysfunction impairs cardiac output and strock volume which can typically lead to which shock?
Antworten
  • cardiogenic shock
  • septic shock
  • anaphylactic shock
  • neurogenic shock

Frage 27

Frage
What should be the first priority when assisting a critically ill or injured child in shock?
Antworten
  • oxygen administration
  • monitoring
  • positioning
  • fluid resuscitation

Frage 28

Frage
Which is not a common assessment when determining the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation?
Antworten
  • central venous catheter
  • aterial catheter
  • pulmonary artery catheter
  • none of the above

Frage 29

Frage
Which is not a common assessment when determining the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation? Mark one answer:
Antworten
  • temperature
  • heart rate
  • skin coloration
  • urine output

Frage 30

Frage
To treat cold shock, _____________ is preferred.
Antworten
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
  • epinephrine
  • dobutamine

Frage 31

Frage
For cardiogenic shock, you should deliver a fluid challenge (5 to 10 mL/kg bolus) over what length of time?
Antworten
  • 1-5 minutes
  • 5-10 minutes
  • 10-20 minutes
  • under 3 minutes

Frage 32

Frage
______________ is described as an accumulation of pressurized air in the pleural space.
Antworten
  • tension pneumothorax
  • cardiac tamponade
  • massive pulmonary embolism
  • none of the above

Frage 33

Frage
In a case of sinus tachycardia, the heart rate is ___________.
Antworten
  • increased
  • decreased
  • unsteady
  • faint

Frage 34

Frage
Ventricular tachycardia is common in children.
Antworten
  • true
  • false

Frage 35

Frage
What is the first sign of the body's defensive response when a child or infant is in shock?
Antworten
  • body temperature drop
  • body temperature rise
  • heart rate increase
  • heart rate decrease

Frage 36

Frage
Each attempt for catheter insertion and suctioning of an infant should not surpass:
Antworten
  • 3 seconds
  • 5 seconds
  • 7 seconds
  • 10 seconds

Frage 37

Frage
The first warning sign of respiratory dysfunction is:
Antworten
  • decrease of heart rate
  • increase in blood pressure
  • increase in respiratory rate
  • decrease in body temperature

Frage 38

Frage
During resuscitation of a newborn infant, the blow-by oxygen rate of flow should always be more than:
Antworten
  • 2 L/min.
  • 5 L/min.
  • 6 L/min.
  • 8 L/min.

Frage 39

Frage
What age period is croup most common to occur?
Antworten
  • 3 - 5 years
  • 6 months - 3 years
  • 4 - 7 years
  • 1 month - 12 months

Frage 40

Frage
What is the recommended first energy level used for defibrillation?
Antworten
  • 0.3 joules/kg.
  • 1.5 joules/kg.
  • 2.0 joules/kg.
  • 2.5 joules/kg.

Frage 41

Frage
A patient has a "do not resuscitate" order. Which action is least appropriate?
Antworten
  • Endotracheal intubation
  • Nasogastric tube feedings
  • Intravenous line insertion
  • Oxygen by face mask

Frage 42

Frage
What agent is added to increase the half-life of imipenem?
Antworten
  • Cilastatin
  • Probenecid
  • Allopurinol
  • Sodium bicarbonate

Frage 43

Frage
Which would be considered a normal serum potassium?
Antworten
  • 2 mEq per L
  • 4 mEq per L
  • 6 mEq per L
  • 8 mEq per L

Frage 44

Frage
The proximal aorta is derived from which structure?
Antworten
  • First aortic arch
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Second brachial pouch
  • Sinus venosus

Frage 45

Frage
Select the medication that is contraindicated in cocaine associated myocardial infarction.
Antworten
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Verapamil
  • Beta blockers
  • Nifedipine

Frage 46

Frage
Which physical finding is most indicative of a pleural effusion?
Antworten
  • Decreased apical breath sounds
  • Decreased vesicular sounds
  • Increased adventitious sounds
  • Barrel chest

Frage 47

Frage
Which is false about the treatment of septic shock?
Antworten
  • Adrenaline can be used to raise blood pressure
  • Noradrenaline can be used to raise blood pressure
  • Isoproterenol can be used to raise blood pressure
  • Dopamine can be used to raise blood pressure

Frage 48

Frage
What is the best position for a hospitalized patient experiencing difficulty breathing?
Antworten
  • Lithotomy
  • Trendelenburg
  • Reverse Trendelenburg
  • High Fowler's

Frage 49

Frage
What is required for the diagnosis of repiratory failure?
Antworten
  • PAO2<80mmHg
  • Patient is unable to breathe without Ventimask of 80% O2
  • Patient has cyanotic extremities
  • PACO2>50mmHg or PAO2<60mmHg

Frage 50

Frage
What does a carotid pulse indicate?
Antworten
  • A functioning pump for blood flow
  • The circulating blood volume is reaching end organs
  • Diastolic blood pressure
  • None of the above

Frage 51

Frage
In addition to intravenous fluid, what is considered the mainstay of treatment for anaphylaxis?
Antworten
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Prednisone
  • Propanolol
  • Epinephrine

Frage 52

Frage
During CPR, the highest amount of blood flow is observed which technique?
Antworten
  • High impulse CPR at 80 compressions per min
  • High impulse CPR at 60 compressions per min
  • High impulse CPR at 100-120 compressions per min
  • High impulse CPR at 150 compressions per

Frage 53

Frage
The right neck vein is preferred for central line over the left because of what structure? Mark one answer:
Antworten
  • Subclavian
  • Lung apex
  • Thoracic duct
  • Heart

Frage 54

Frage
What is a normal finding after successful endotracheal intubation?
Antworten
  • Bilateral chest wall expansion
  • Right side only breath sounds
  • Abdominal movement with ventilation
  • None of the above

Frage 55

Frage
What ECG wave represents the depolarization of atrium?
Antworten
  • P wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
  • Q wave

Frage 56

Frage
To relive a right tension pneumothorax, where should the needle should be placed?
Antworten
  • 4th intercostal space left of the mediastinum
  • 2nd intercostal space left of the mediastinum
  • 4th intercostal space right of the mediastinum
  • 2nd intercostal space right of the mediastinum

Frage 57

Frage
Which is not a typical sign of cardiogenic shock?
Antworten
  • Hypotension
  • Polyuria
  • Tachycardia
  • Confusion

Frage 58

Frage
A chest tube will drain an effusion when the lumen is properly placed in which space?
Antworten
  • Intra-alveolar
  • Pericardial
  • Pleural
  • Intercostal

Frage 59

Frage
Why does the ACLS protocol recommend epinephrine?
Antworten
  • Increases muscular blood flow
  • Dilates the bronchioles
  • Enhances myocardial contractility
  • Raises the systolic blood pressure

Frage 60

Frage
Cardioversion delivery is syschronized with:
Antworten
  • P wave
  • R wave
  • S wave
  • T wave

Frage 61

Frage
The most common rhythm identified in "cardiac arrest" is which of the following?
Antworten
  • Torsade de point
  • Ventricula tachycardia
  • Asytole
  • Ventricular fibrillation

Frage 62

Frage
Which of the following statements is false about the airway in children?
Antworten
  • Children are less reliant on the diaphragm for breathing
  • As the child grows, the subglottic narrowing widens with time
  • Cricothyrotomy should never be done in small children
  • The size of the endotracheal tube for a child is usually the same size as the child's 5th finger

Frage 63

Frage
What is the best first step in patient with angina and ST ECG changes?
Antworten
  • Cardiac enzyme
  • Aspirin
  • IV fluid
  • Morphine

Frage 64

Frage
A patient presents to the emergency department and has hives, hypotension and wheezing on initial exam. What is the first step?
Antworten
  • Administration of nebulized albuterol
  • Administration of cimetidine
  • Immediate Administration of intramuscular (IM) epinephrine
  • Administration of aspirin

Frage 65

Frage
Which of the following is the superior marker for myocardial injury?
Antworten
  • LDH
  • CPK
  • AST
  • Troponin

Frage 66

Frage
Which of the following is not used to ensure correct placement of an endotracheal tube?
Antworten
  • Ultrasound
  • Bilateral breath sounds
  • Sustained end-tidal CO2
  • Sustained end-tidal O2

Frage 67

Frage
During the resuscitation of your bradycardic patient, the code team requests an epinephrine infusion of 2 mcg/min. In the crash cart you find a 1 mL vial of a 1:1000 epinephrine solution and a 500 mL bag of normal saline. Which is correct?
Antworten
  • Mix 1 vial in the 500 mL bag and infuse at 6 mL per hour
  • Mix 0.5 mL of the epinephrine in the bag and infuse at 6 mL per hour
  • Mix the 1 mL vial in the 500 mL normal saline and infuse at 60 mL per hour
  • Question the request because this is an excessive amount of medication

Frage 68

Frage
In the femoral triangle, the order of the neurovascular bundles, from LATERAL TO MEDIAL, runs in what sequence?
Antworten
  • Nerve, artery, vein
  • Nerve, vein, artery
  • Vein, artery, nerve
  • Vein, nerve, artery

Frage 69

Frage
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is best treated by which of the following?
Antworten
  • Adenosine
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Digoxin

Frage 70

Frage
What is the estimated time a person's brain can be anoxic from cardiopulmonary failure and not develop permanent brain damage?
Antworten
  • 10 minutes
  • 5 minutes
  • 2 minutes
  • 20 minutes

Frage 71

Frage
The phrenic nerve innervates which of the following?
Antworten
  • Diaphragm
  • Heart
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine

Frage 72

Frage
-A 2-year-old child presents with severe hypotension. Peripheral IV access could not be obtained. Which of the following is the best alternative for administering IV fluids in such situations?
Antworten
  • Venous cut down
  • Central line
  • Intraosseous
  • Intrathecal

Frage 73

Frage
Which of the following conditions is a common side effect of adenosine?
Antworten
  • Tremors
  • Sympathetic over activity
  • Facial flushing
  • GI intolerance

Frage 74

Frage
A patient collapses, a cardiac monitor is placed, and the rhythm is determined to be ventricular fibrillation. Despite three defibrillation shocks, intravenous epinephrine, and further attempt at defibrillation, there is no change. The patient is unconscious. What is most appropriate for the next step in this patient's management?
Antworten
  • Another attempt at defibrillation
  • Administer lidocaine
  • Administer amiodarone
  • Administer procainamide

Frage 75

Frage
How is the bradycardia caused by acetylcholine treated?
Antworten
  • Epinephrine
  • Pacemaker
  • Atropine
  • Isoprenaline

Frage 76

Frage
What is the drug of choice for supraventricular tachycardia?
Antworten
  • Metoprolol
  • Digoxin
  • Lidocaine
  • Adenosine

Frage 77

Frage
Performing CPR with chest compressions over the xiphoid process may result in laceration of which of the following organs?
Antworten
  • Small bowel
  • Stomach
  • Lung
  • Liver

Frage 78

Frage
An adult patient is observed to have premature ventricular contractions every other beat on a monitor. What is the next best step for this patient?
Antworten
  • Assess the vital signs and mental status
  • Call the physician immediately
  • Apply transcutaneous pacing pads and then call the physician
  • Call a code blue

Frage 79

Frage
What protective measure should be undertaken when performing tracheal suctioning on a patient requiring ventilation?
Antworten
  • Face mask
  • Gloves
  • Eye protection
  • All of the above

Frage 80

Frage
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias?
Antworten
  • Metoprolol
  • Digoxin
  • Lidocaine
  • Adenosine

Frage 81

Frage
Which of the following is a first-line agent for rate control in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF)?
Antworten
  • Beta-blockers
  • Amiodarone
  • Digoxin
  • Warfarin

Frage 82

Frage
Which is a not a sign of tension pneumothorax?
Antworten
  • Decreased breath sounds
  • Tracheall deviation
  • Decreased compliance
  • Audible bronchial sounds

Frage 83

Frage
Which of the following statements regarding shock is correct?
Antworten
  • The body cannot metabolize glucose
  • The body is in a state of multi-system organ failure
  • The body cannot perfuse tissues properly
  • The body is resistant to antibiotics

Frage 84

Frage
What is the proper way to deliver a breath?
Antworten
  • Blow as hard and as fast as possible
  • Give over one second
  • Apply cricoid pressure first
  • Deliver during compressions

Frage 85

Frage
You are having difficulty using a bag-mask device. Which are potential causes for your difficulties?
Antworten
  • The mask is too large
  • Pushing mask onto victim’s face
  • Improper seal
  • All the above

Frage 86

Frage
You are using an AED and the device indicates that a SHOCK is advised. What is the very last step before pressing the SHOCK button?
Antworten
  • Give two breaths
  • Check connections
  • Clear the victim
  • Check pulse

Frage 87

Frage
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Antworten
  • Respiratory difficulties
  • Drug use
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Sepsis

Frage 88

Frage
Child CPR may be given using a one or two-handed technique?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 89

Frage
A seven-year-old accidentally ingests grandma’s pain medication. What drug can you use to reverse the sedation?
Antworten
  • Atropine
  • Naloxone
  • Epinephrine
  • Glucose

Frage 90

Frage
You are treating hypoglycemia in a three-week-old. What concentration of IV fluids is recommended?
Antworten
  • D5
  • D10
  • D25
  • D50

Frage 91

Frage
Which of the following are potential causes of respiratory arrest?
Antworten
  • Ingestion
  • Head trauma
  • Choking
  • All of the above

Frage 92

Frage
You are performing High-Quality CPR in a cardiac arrest case. The AED indicates a shock is advised. After delivering the shock, what is the next immediate step?
Antworten
  • CPR
  • Check pulse
  • Administer epinephrine
  • Pacing

Frage 93

Frage
What is the simplest way to open the airway in an unconcious patient?
Antworten
  • Pull out the tongue
  • Tilt head and lift chin
  • Lift neck from behind
  • Jaw thrust

Frage 94

Frage
What is the most likely place for an over advanced endotracheal (ET) tube to enter?
Antworten
  • Stomach
  • Right mainstem bronchus
  • Soft palate
  • Left mainstem bronchus

Frage 95

Frage
Which condition can have hyperresonance on percussion?
Antworten
  • Pleuritis
  • Bronchitis
  • Pneumothorax
  • ARDS

Frage 96

Frage
What should be the initial temporizing measure in a patient with hypotension following the onset of 3rd degree heart block?
Antworten
  • Transcutaneous pacing
  • Electric cardioversion
  • Amiodarone loading and then electric cardioversion
  • Stat placement of a permanent pacemaker

Frage 97

Frage
The first heart sound, 'lub', is produced by closure of which of the following valves?
Antworten
  • Aortic and mitral
  • Pulmonary and tricuspid
  • Mitral and tricuspid
  • Tricuspid and mitral

Frage 98

Frage
Which of the following rhythms carries the worst long-term prognosis for survival?
Antworten
  • Asystole
  • Atrial flutter
  • Ventricular fibrillation
  • Pulseless electrical activity

Frage 99

Frage
At what point should tracheal suctioning be performed?
Antworten
  • Withdrawal of the catheter
  • Insertion of the catheter
  • Upon insertion and withdrawal of the catheter
  • None of the above

Frage 100

Frage
Which of the following is a lethal heart rhythm?
Antworten
  • Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
  • Asymptomatic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF)
  • First degree heart block

Frage 101

Frage
Which of the following is the least preferred method of administering IV fluids?
Antworten
  • Cubital veins
  • Cephalic veins
  • Subclavian veins
  • Saphenous vein

Frage 102

Frage
The trachea deviates with tension pneumothorax to the:
Antworten
  • Affected side
  • Unaffected side
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly

Frage 103

Frage
In a neonate, what is the proper method of performing chest compressions for two rescuers?
Antworten
  • Two hands
  • One hand
  • Two thumb-encircling hands chest compression
  • Two fingers.

Frage 104

Frage
On ECG, no conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node is considered:
Antworten
  • First-degree AV block
  • Second-degree AV block
  • Third-degree AV block
  • None of the above

Frage 105

Frage
Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
Antworten
  • U wave
  • Peaked T wave
  • Long PR interval
  • Absent P wave
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