Frage 1
Frage
The term “fourth vital sign” refers to:
Antworten
-
temperature
-
pulse
-
respiration
-
pain
Frage 2
Frage
Aversive sensory and emotional experience that elicits protective motor actions, results in learned avoidance, and may modify species-specific behavior traits, including social behavior, is best known as:
Antworten
-
modulation
-
distress
-
pain
-
nociception
Frage 3
Frage
Known as “ouch” pain, which of the following protective sensations of pain occurs when there is a possibility of or actual tissue injury?
Antworten
-
nociception
-
physiologic pain
-
adaptive pain
-
pathologic pain
Frage 4
Frage
Chemical mediators, such as prostaglandin and histamine, are responsible for:
Antworten
-
inflammatory pain
-
neuropathic pain
-
idiopathic pain
-
pathologic pain
Frage 5
Frage
Pain originating from the musculoskeletal system is best described as:
Antworten
-
visceral pain
-
somatic pain
-
pathologic pain
-
chronic pain
Frage 6
Frage
A common class of drugs utilized to treat and target specific receptors in the pain pathway includes:
Frage 7
Frage
The concept of utilization of pain management therapies to target two or more receptors is:
Antworten
-
primary hyperalgesia.
-
mediators.
-
secondary hyperalgesia
-
multimodal therapy.
Frage 8
Frage
Of the following, which is not typically associated with neuroendocrine changes that occur in response to pain?
Frage 9
Frage
The use of preemptive analgesia is likely to:
Antworten
-
cause anthropomorphization.
-
prevent “windup.”
-
include the “five freedoms.”
-
lead to increased morbidity and/or mortality.
Frage 10
Frage
The differentiating factor(s) between emergence delirium and pain is(are):
Antworten
-
duration and response to sedation.
-
response to analgesic administration.
-
response to analgesic administration and pain.
-
response to analgesic administration and duration.
Frage 11
Frage
Patients that are suffering from pain are likely to experience noticeable alterations in their:
Antworten
-
facial expressions, appearance, and attitude.
-
facial expressions, appearance, and sleep patterns.
-
bodily movements, appearance, and attitude.
-
bodily movements, sleep patterns, and attitude.
Frage 12
Frage
Patients that have undergone major surgery should have their pain assessed how frequently?:
Antworten
-
Every 60 seconds
-
Every 2 minutes
-
Every 60 minutes
-
At shift changes
Frage 13
Frage
Perioperative analgesia is the concurrent use of:
Antworten
-
preemptive analgesia and pain assessment.
-
pain assessment and multimodal therapy.
-
pharmacologic analgesia therapy and pain assessment.
-
preemptive analgesia and multimodal therapy.
Frage 14
Frage
Of the following, which is not an anticipated benefit of multimodal analgesic therapy?
Antworten
-
Increased individual drug dose
-
Decreased overall anesthetic drug requirements
-
Increased healing time
-
Decreased risk of adverse effects
Frage 15
Frage
Opioid agonist drugs act in which of the following ways?
Antworten
-
Peripherally: in the spinal cord and joints
-
Centrally: to inhibit perception in the brain and sensitization in the spinal cord
-
Centrally: to increase perception in the brain and spinal cord
-
Peripherally: in the brain and spinal cord on the opioid receptors
Frage 16
Frage
A patient requires the selection of an opioid with the most potent analgesic effects. Which of the following would most accurately fit this criteria?
Antworten
-
Partial mu agonists
-
Agonist–antagonists
-
Antihistamines
-
Mu receptor agonists
Frage 17
Frage
Caution should be taken with rapid intravenous injection of morphine in canine patients due to the potential for:
Antworten
-
histamine release.
-
locomotor activity.
-
dysphoria.
-
restlessness.
Frage 18
Frage
The most common adverse side effect secondary to morphine administration is likely to be:
Antworten
-
histamine release.
-
gastrointestinal upset.
-
respiratory depression.
-
excitement.
Frage 19
Frage
This paradoxical response in canine patients after the administration of oxymorphone can make which of the following procedures difficult?
Frage 20
Frage
The drug that is most similar to oxymorphone in duration and effect is:
Antworten
-
morphine.
-
buprenorphine.
-
butorphanol.
-
hydromorphone.
Frage 21
Frage
Of the synthetic opioids, which is known to also act as an antagonist at the NMDA receptor?
Antworten
-
Methadone
-
Hydromorphone
-
Oxymorphone
-
Fentanyl
Frage 22
Frage
In contrast to other pure opioid agonists, the duration of action achieved with intravenous fentanyl administration is:
Antworten
-
20 to 30 seconds
-
2 to 3 minutes.
-
20 to 30 minutes.
-
2 to 3 hours.
Frage 23
Frage
The synthetic opioid pethidine is also more commonly known as:
Antworten
-
buprenorphine.
-
meperidine.
-
ketoprofen.
-
acepromazine.
Frage 24
Frage
Due to the pH of the feline mucosa, which injectable narcotic can be administered orally for analgesia?
Antworten
-
Morphine
-
Oxymorphone
-
Hydromorphone
-
Buprenorphine
Frage 25
Frage
General duration of action for buprenorphine following intramuscular injection is thought to be:
Antworten
-
6 to 12 hours.
-
60 to 120 minutes.
-
60 to 120 seconds.
-
18 to 24 hours.
Frage 26
Frage
The first use of butorphanol in veterinary medicine was to act as a(n):
Antworten
-
antihistamine.
-
cough suppressant.
-
anesthetic.
-
analgesic.
Frage 27
Frage
Use of butorphanol in which of the following routes can potentially lead to a toxicity?
Frage 28
Frage
Butorphanol can be used as an antagonist to partially reverse respiratory depression/sedation secondary to the use of:
Frage 29
Frage
In the United States, which of the following is the only injectable opioid that is not classified as a controlled drug?
Antworten
-
Acepromazine
-
Buprenorphine
-
Nalbuphine
-
Meperidine
Frage 30
Frage
Patients considered “high risk” for use with opioids include all of the following except:
Antworten
-
hypotension.
-
hepatic disease.
-
neurologic disorders.
-
normovolemic.
Frage 31
Frage
The use of morphine administered through an epidural route is most likely to illicit which adverse effect?
Antworten
-
Urine retention
-
Sedation
-
Excitement
-
Respiratory depression
Frage 32
Frage
When considering transdermal use of fentanyl in feline patients, application should take place at least how many hours prior to the start of the procedure?
Antworten
-
1 hour
-
4 hours
-
6 hours
-
12 hours
Frage 33
Frage
Which opioid should not be administered concurrently with the use of transdermal fentanyl due to risk of partial blockage of opioid receptors and reduced analgesic effect?
Antworten
-
Morphine
-
Buprenorphine
-
Hydromorphone
-
Oxymorphone
Frage 34
Frage
The NSAID that acts as a potent analgesic for both somatic and visceral pain is:
Antworten
-
carprofen.
-
acetylsalicylic acid.
-
butorphanol.
-
tramadol.
Frage 35
Frage
Clinical effects of NSAIDs are due to their inhibition of what chemical synthesis within the body?
Antworten
-
ACTH
-
Insulin
-
Prostaglandin
-
Acetaminophen
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following systems is not responsible for the elimination and metabolism of NSAIDs?
Antworten
-
Hepatic
-
Renal
-
Biliary
-
Lymph
Frage 37
Frage
Most NSAIDs prevent pain and inflammation by inactivating which enzyme?
Frage 38
Frage
All of the following aspects about the COX-2 isoenzyme are true except:
Antworten
-
it is inducible.
-
it is found in the CNS, kidney, and eyes.
-
it is linked to analgesic effects.
-
it is present in most tissues.
Frage 39
Frage
The use of NSAIDs that results in renal toxicity is most likely due to the blockage of:
Antworten
-
PGE-2
-
COX-1
-
COX-2
-
misoprostol
Frage 40
Frage
The use of NSAIDs is considered “high risk” in all of the following conditions except:
Frage 41
Frage
Opioids are effective in the nociceptive pathway in all areas except:
Antworten
-
perception.
-
modulation.
-
transmission.
-
transduction.
Frage 42
Frage
Local anesthetics are effective in the nociceptive pathway in all areas except:
Antworten
-
perception
-
modulation
-
transmission
-
transduction
Frage 43
Frage
Corticosteroids are ineffective in the nociceptive pathway in all areas except:
Antworten
-
transduction
-
transmission
-
modulation
-
perception
Frage 44
Frage
In order to properly administer tramadol it must be given:
Frage 45
Frage
Absence of pain sensation is best known as:
Antworten
-
allodynia.
-
distress.
-
analgesia.
-
stress
Frage 46
Frage
During nociception all of the following occurs except:
Antworten
-
transduction
-
transmission
-
modulation
-
conjugation
Frage 47
Frage
The concurrent use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids is contraindicated due to which adverse side effect?
Antworten
-
Gastric ulceration
-
Coagulopathy
-
Renal insufficiency
-
Hepatic insufficiency
Frage 48
Frage
Nonpharmacologic analgesic therapies that can be used to manage both acute and chronic pain include:
Antworten
-
massage therapy.
-
topical anesthetics.
-
NSAIDs.
-
NMDA agonists.
Frage 49
Frage
Perception of pain takes place in the:
Antworten
-
spinal cord.
-
cerebral cortex.
-
sensory nerves.
-
nociceptors.
Frage 50
Frage
Transmission of pain takes place in the:
Antworten
-
spinal cord.
-
cerebral cortex.
-
sensory nerves.
-
nociceptors.
Frage 51
Frage
Modulation of pain takes place in the:
Antworten
-
spinal cord.
-
cerebral cortex.
-
sensory nerves.
-
nociceptors.