Zusammenfassung der Ressource
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Microbiology Lab is Biosafety Level 2
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Bacteria are [blank_start]ubiquitous[blank_end], since they can be found all over and in every environment.
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Bacteria have a [blank_start]negative charge[blank_end]. Because of this basic dyes, with their [blank_start]positive charge[blank_end], stain the [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]. Acidic dyes, with their [blank_start]negative charge[blank_end], stain the [blank_start]background[blank_end].
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negative charge
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positive charge
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positive charge
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negative charge
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negative charge
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positive charge
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bacteria
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background
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background
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bacteria
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Examples of acidic dyes:
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Eosin
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Methylene Blue
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Crystal Violet
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Nigrosin
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Safranin
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Congo Red
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Maneval's stain
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Which microscope was used in the lab?
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Limit of Resolution:
D = [blank_start]Wavelength[blank_end] / ([blank_start]NA condensor[blank_end] + [blank_start]NA objective lens[blank_end])
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Wavelength
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NA condensor
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NA objective lens
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Wavelength
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NA condensor
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NA objective lens
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Wavelength
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NA condensor
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NA objective lens
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Purpose of heat-fixing
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Pure cultures should have many different kinds of bacteria
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Klebsiella Pneumoniae has a capsule
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Choose what best describes capsules
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Made of a polysaccharide layer called glycocalyx
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Water soluble
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Fat soluble
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Heat sensitive
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Prevents dehydration/dessication
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Decreases virulence by protecting the cell from phagocytosis
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Helps attachment to host cell
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Gram-positive bacteria
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Have an outer membrane/lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)
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Cell wall is ~90% peptidoglycan and has teichoic acid
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Cell wall is ~10% peptidoglycan
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are stained pink/red with safranin
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Order of Gram staining:
1. [blank_start]Primary stain[blank_end] with [blank_start]Crystal Violet[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Mordant[blank_end] with [blank_start]Gram's Iodine[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Decolorizer[blank_end] with [blank_start]95% Ethanol[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Counterstain[blank_end] with [blank_start]Safranin[blank_end]
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Primary stain
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Crystal Violet
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Mordant
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Gram's Iodine
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Decolorizer
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95% Ethanol
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Counterstain
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Safranin
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Which describes chemotaxis?
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organism vibrates due to molecules hitting the cell
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directional; independent movement over greater distances
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movement towards chemical attractants and away from repellants
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Which describes lophotrichous flagella?
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flagella on both ends
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flagella around perimeter of bacteria
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a single flagella at one end
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a tuft of flagella at one end
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The motility test media is 0.4-0.5% agar and contains TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)
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Disadvantages of the motility test:
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can be used to test for motility of pathogenic organisms
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requires incubation time
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if not performed properly, non-motile organisms appear motile
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TTC is colorless when [blank_start]oxidized[blank_end] and red when [blank_start]reduced[blank_end].
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Escherichia coli is motile and Staphylococcus epidermidis is non-motile.