Pharmacology MCQs- 4th Year- PMU

Beschreibung

Medicine Pharmacology Quiz am Pharmacology MCQs- 4th Year- PMU, erstellt von Med Student am 09/12/2018.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The main routes of enteral administration of drugs are:
Antworten
  • oral
  • by injection
  • rectal
  • per mucosa

Frage 2

Frage
Advantages of the oral route of drug administration are:
Antworten
  • easily self-administered
  • toxicity and overdose may be overcome with antidotes
  • drugs avoid first-pass metabolism
  • drugs go directly into the systemic circulation

Frage 3

Frage
Advantages of the rectal route of drug administration are:
Antworten
  • suitable for vomiting patients
  • suitable for children
  • suitable for unconscious patients
  • a way to avoid first-pass metabolism

Frage 4

Frage
Disadvantages of intravenous drug administration are:
Antworten
  • a trained staff is required
  • risk of bacterial contamination at the site of injection
  • it is painful and stressful for the patient
  • drugs undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver

Frage 5

Frage
Point out the correct statements for intravenous drug administration:
Antworten
  • aqueous solutions can be administered i.v.
  • oil solutions can be administered i.v.
  • has the highest bioavailability
  • used for treatment of life-threatening conditions

Frage 6

Frage
The subject of pharmacokinetics is:
Antworten
  • drug absorption and distribution
  • drug biotransformation
  • drug elimination
  • drug biological activity

Frage 7

Frage
Point out the correct statements for passive diffusion:
Antworten
  • does not require energy
  • requires energy
  • involves a carrier
  • drugs move from high to lower concentration

Frage 8

Frage
A drug-weak acid will be absorbed
Antworten
  • in a medium with low pH
  • in a medium with high pH
  • in the stomach
  • in the intestine

Frage 9

Frage
The diffusion of Iipid soluble drugs
Antworten
  • depends on the charge of the drug molecule
  • does not depend on the charge of the drug molecule
  • is penetration through aqueous channels or pores
  • is penetration through the biological membranes

Frage 10

Frage
A drug-weak base will be absorbed
Antworten
  • in a medium with low pH
  • in a medium with high pH
  • in the stomach
  • in the intestine

Frage 11

Frage
Point out the correct statements for active drug transport
Antworten
  • it is energy - dependent
  • it is not energy - dependent
  • requires carriers
  • does not require carriers

Frage 12

Frage
Point out the correct statement for drugs bound to plasma proteins
Antworten
  • bound drugs are pharmacologically active
  • only the unbound drugs can act on target sites in the tissues
  • only the bound drugs are available to the process of elimination
  • drugs may displace each other from the binding proteins

Frage 13

Frage
Drug metabolism may
Antworten
  • increase a drug’s pharmacological activity
  • decrease a drug’s pharmacological activity
  • change the pharmacological effects of a drug
  • change the toxicity of a drug

Frage 14

Frage
First phase liver metabolism reactions include
Antworten
  • acetylation
  • conjugation
  • reduction
  • oxidation

Frage 15

Frage
Second phase liver metabolism reactions include
Antworten
  • acetylation
  • conjugation
  • reduction
  • oxidation

Frage 16

Frage
Phase 1 of drug metabolism
Antworten
  • may or may not involve cytochrome P450 system
  • phase 1 reactions convert Iipophilic molecules to more polar molecules
  • includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, hydrolysis
  • consists of conjugation reactions

Frage 17

Frage
Renal excretion of a drug will be reduced if
Antworten
  • the drug is a weak acid and the urine is alkaline
  • the drug is a weak acid and the urine is acidic
  • the drug is a weak base and the urine is alkaline
  • the drug is a barbiturate and the urine is alkaline

Frage 18

Frage
Drug pharmacodynamics includes
Antworten
  • drug effects
  • mechanisms of drug action
  • drug elimination
  • how the organism changes drugs

Frage 19

Frage
The changes that occur due to the interaction between drug molecules and organism structures are called
Antworten
  • drug effect
  • drug action
  • adverse drug reaction
  • placebo effect

Frage 20

Frage
The organism response as a result of the changes that have occurred due to its interaction with the drug is called
Antworten
  • drug action
  • drug effect
  • adverse drug reaction
  • placebo effect

Frage 21

Frage
What is characteristic for a drug receptor
Antworten
  • induces (generates) a change in organism functions
  • has selectivity
  • has sensitivity
  • has specificity

Frage 22

Frage
Agonists are ligands which
Antworten
  • have affinity
  • block receptors
  • have intrinsic activity
  • bind to the receptor

Frage 23

Frage
Antagonists are ligands which
Antworten
  • have strong affinity
  • have intrinsic activity
  • block the receptor
  • do not have intrinsic activity

Frage 24

Frage
Therapeutic margin is the
Antworten
  • difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
  • ratio between lethal and mean effective doses

Frage 25

Frage
Drugs’ therapeutic index is the:
Antworten
  • difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
  • ratio between mean lethal and mean effective doses

Frage 26

Frage
Types of drug interaction are:
Antworten
  • synergy
  • antagonism
  • synergy/antagonism
  • chemical antagonism (formation of complexes)

Frage 27

Frage
Potentiation can be observed during the concomitant use of:
Antworten
  • Fentanyl and Droperidol
  • Heparin and Protamine
  • Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid
  • Diazepam and Flumazenil

Frage 28

Frage
Full competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, administered in acute opioid intoxication is:
Antworten
  • Allylnormorphine
  • Methadone
  • Naloxone
  • Flumazenil

Frage 29

Frage
Chemical antagonism or complex formation can be observed in:
Antworten
  • Morphine and Naloxone
  • Diazepam and Flumazenil
  • Epinephrine and Histamine
  • Iron preparation and Deferroxamine

Frage 30

Frage
Which of the following are enzyme inducers:
Antworten
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Metamizol
  • Metronidazole

Frage 31

Frage
Multiple drug administration could lead to:
Antworten
  • drug tolerance
  • drug dependence
  • drug accumulation
  • allergic reactions

Frage 32

Frage
Drug addiction/dependence involves:
Antworten
  • drug tolerance
  • physical dependence
  • psychological dependence
  • allergy

Frage 33

Frage
Antiseptics are used for:
Antworten
  • decontamination of laundry and sanitary facilities
  • decontamination of skin and mucous membranes
  • internal administration
  • treatment of fever

Frage 34

Frage
Disinfectants are used for decontamination of:
Antworten
  • urine, faeces and other
  • mouth
  • instruments
  • clothing and underwear

Frage 35

Frage
Antiseptics and disinfectants are:
Antworten
  • detergents
  • barbiturates
  • oxidizing agents and halogen derivatives
  • phenols

Frage 36

Frage
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
Antworten
  • they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
  • they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
  • they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
  • they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid

Frage 37

Frage
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
Antworten
  • have broad antibacteriai spectrum
  • have narrow antibacterial spectrum
  • they are bactericidal
  • they are bacteriostatic

Frage 38

Frage
Combined sulfonamides are:
Antworten
  • bacteriostatic drugs
  • bactericidal drugs
  • antiviral drugs
  • narrow spectrum antimicrobial drugs

Frage 39

Frage
Fluoroquinoiones are:
Antworten
  • Gentamycin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin

Frage 40

Frage
Mechanism of action of quinolones is:
Antworten
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • inhibition of topoisomerase II and IV
  • inhibition of DNA transcription and replication

Frage 41

Frage
Fluoroquinolones have:
Antworten
  • broad antibacterial spectrum
  • narrow antibacterial spectrum
  • bacteriostatic effect
  • bactericidal effect

Frage 42

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of fluoroquinolones are:
Antworten
  • articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy)
  • hypertension
  • seizures in patients with epilepsy
  • prolongation of QT interval

Frage 43

Frage
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
Antworten
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • tetracyclines

Frage 44

Frage
Tetracyclines
Antworten
  • are bactericidal
  • are bacterostatic
  • accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
  • are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia

Frage 45

Frage
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Antworten
  • Azithromycin (Azatril)
  • Roxithromycin (Rulid)
  • Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
  • Gentamycin

Frage 46

Frage
Macrolides are:
Antworten
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic
  • inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
  • effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia

Frage 47

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
Antworten
  • gastrointestinal disturbances
  • allergy
  • hepatotoxicity
  • nephrotoxicity

Frage 48

Frage
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Antworten
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • carbapenems

Frage 49

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
Antworten
  • allergic reactions
  • hepatotoxicity
  • anaphylactic shock
  • disbactenosrs (for orally administered broad-spectrum penicillins)

Frage 50

Frage
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
Antworten
  • More effective against Gram (+) microorganisms
  • Cefalexin and Cefazolin
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Some agents are nephrotoxic

Frage 51

Frage
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Antworten
  • Cefetamet and Ceftriaxon
  • Cefaclor and Cefamandol
  • More effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
  • Used for treatment of life-threatening infections

Frage 52

Frage
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Antworten
  • Gentamycin
  • Amoxiclav
  • Amikacin
  • Tobramycin

Frage 53

Frage
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Antworten
  • they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
  • they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
  • they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
  • they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms

Frage 54

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
Antworten
  • nephrotoxicity
  • ototoxicity
  • myelotoxlcity
  • hepatotoxiclty

Frage 55

Frage
Azoles
Antworten
  • are fungistatic
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • inhibit ergosterol synthesis
  • inhibit hepatic CYP450 enzymes

Frage 56

Frage
ADRs of azole antifungals are:
Antworten
  • hepatotoxicity
  • endocrine disorders
  • nephrotoxicity
  • nausea, vomiting

Frage 57

Frage
Point the correct statements for Nystatin
Antworten
  • has fungistatic activity
  • causes gastrointestinal disturbances
  • is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
  • is effective against Candida species

Frage 58

Frage
Point out the correct statements for Aciclovir
Antworten
  • it inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • it is used for treatment of herpes virus infections
  • it inhibits neuraminidase enzyme
  • can be applied topically, orally or intravenously

Frage 59

Frage
Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is
Antworten
  • interference with the function of the viral M2 protein
  • inhibition of specific neuraminidase enzyme
  • inhibition of reverse transcriptases
  • inhibition of proteases

Frage 60

Frage
Mechanism of action of Rifampicin (Rifampin) is
Antworten
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • inhibition of 50 S ribosomal subunit
  • inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • increased cell membrane permeability

Frage 61

Frage
ADRs of Rifampicin (Rifampin) are:
Antworten
  • heart failure
  • orange-red color of urine and other secretions
  • hepatotoxicity
  • hypoglycaemia

Frage 62

Frage
What are the effects of benzodiazepines?
Antworten
  • hypnotic effect
  • anxiolytic effect
  • muscle-relaxing effect
  • anticonvulsant effect

Frage 63

Frage
How do benzodiazepines exert their effects?
Antworten
  • they enhance the effectiveness of GABA
  • they inhibit the phosphodiesterase
  • they are positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-mediation
  • they block D2 receptors in the CNS

Frage 64

Frage
Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics that act at GABA-recptor are
Antworten
  • Phenobarbital
  • Melatonin
  • Zolpidem (Stilnox)
  • Zopiclone (Imovan)

Frage 65

Frage
Adverse drug reaction of Zopiclone (Imovan) are
Antworten
  • bitter or metallic taste in the mouth
  • behavioral changes
  • hypertension
  • hypoglycemia

Frage 66

Frage
Magnesium sulfate has sedative effects when administered
Antworten
  • orally
  • parenterally
  • subcutaneously
  • by inhalation

Frage 67

Frage
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs includes
Antworten
  • enhancing GABA synaptic transmission
  • blocking D2 receptors
  • reducing cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
  • reducing cell membrane permeability to sodium channels

Frage 68

Frage
Drugs reducing cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels are
Antworten
  • Carbamazepine
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Lamotrigine
  • Valproate

Frage 69

Frage
Cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels is reduced by
Antworten
  • Valproate
  • Ethosuximide
  • Phenobarbital
  • Levetiracetam

Frage 70

Frage
What are the clinical indications for prescribing Carbamazepine?
Antworten
  • It is a drug of first choice or focal and secondary generalized epilepsy
  • It is appropriate for treatment of absence seizures
  • It is used in the treatment of insomnia
  • It is useful for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Frage 71

Frage
What is characteristic of Phenytoin?
Antworten
  • It reduces cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels
  • It increases GABA synaptic transmission
  • It is a potent enzyme inducer
  • It is also used as an antiarrhythmic drug

Frage 72

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Valproates are
Antworten
  • constipation
  • weight gain
  • hair loss
  • hepatotoxicity

Frage 73

Frage
Which antiepileptic drugs can be used for treating status epilepticus?
Antworten
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Carboxamides
  • Valproates
  • Barbiturates

Frage 74

Frage
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Antworten
  • skeletal muscles
  • bronchial smooth muscles
  • heart
  • smooth muscles of GIT

Frage 75

Frage
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Antworten
  • autonomic ganglia
  • adrenal gland medulla
  • heart muscle
  • skeletal muscles

Frage 76

Frage
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
Antworten
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
  • increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT

Frage 77

Frage
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Antworten
  • Atropini sulfas
  • Pilocarpini hydrochloridum
  • Neostigmini methylsulfas
  • Galantamini bromidum

Frage 78

Frage
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
Antworten
  • mydriasis
  • miosis
  • increases the intraocular pressure
  • decreases the intraocular pressure

Frage 79

Frage
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
Antworten
  • lpratropii bromidum
  • Galantamine bromidum
  • Neostigmine methylsulfas
  • Pyridostigmine bromidum

Frage 80

Frage
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
Antworten
  • bronchial asthma
  • paralytic ileus
  • epilepsy
  • bradycardia

Frage 81

Frage
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Antworten
  • Atropini sulfas
  • Butylscopolamine
  • Atracurium besilas
  • Ipratropium bromidum

Frage 82

Frage
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
Antworten
  • tachycardia
  • intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
  • mydriasis
  • decrease the secretion of exocrine glands

Frage 83

Frage
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are
Antworten
  • bronchial asthma
  • spasm of the smooth muscles of GlT
  • to elicit papillary dilation
  • glaucoma

Frage 84

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
Antworten
  • dry mouth
  • tachycardia
  • difficulties in seeing close objects
  • disorientation and hallucinations

Frage 85

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
Antworten
  • histamine release
  • hypotension
  • hypertension
  • allergic reaction

Frage 86

Frage
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Antworten
  • Anticholinesterases
  • MAO inhibitors
  • Antimuscarinic agents
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Frage 87

Frage
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
Antworten
  • short-lasting effect
  • has no antagonist
  • anticholinesterases prolong its effect
  • oral administration

Frage 88

Frage
α1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Antworten
  • presynaptic neuronal endings
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • blood vessels
  • iris dilator muscle

Frage 89

Frage
β1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Antworten
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • presynaptic neuronal endings
  • myocardial cells
  • juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney

Frage 90

Frage
β2-adrenoceptors are located on:
Antworten
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • bronchial smooth muscles
  • liver
  • uterus (womb)

Frage 91

Frage
Indications for the clinical use of Epinephrine are:
Antworten
  • anaphylactic shock
  • hypoglycemia
  • arrhythmia
  • glaucoma with wide iridocorneal angle

Frage 92

Frage
Pharmacological effects of the selective β2-agonists are:
Antworten
  • pupillary dilation
  • bronchial dilation
  • blood pressure elevation
  • relaxation of uterine muscle

Frage 93

Frage
Which of the following drugs are selective β2-agonists?
Antworten
  • lsoprenalini sulfas
  • Orciprenalini sulfas
  • Salbutamol
  • Salmeterol

Frage 94

Frage
β2-agonists are indicated in:
Antworten
  • bronchial asthma
  • digitalis intoxication
  • arterial hypertension
  • threatening abortion

Frage 95

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of β2-agonists are:
Antworten
  • finger tremor
  • bronchial dilatation
  • hyperglycemia
  • tolerance

Frage 96

Frage
Which of the following drugs act as agonists of the presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors?
Antworten
  • Salbutamol
  • Clonidini hydrochloridum
  • α-Methyldopum (Dopegyt)
  • Sotalol

Frage 97

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Clonidin are:
Antworten
  • Dry mouth
  • Drowsiness and depression
  • Hypertensive attacks following abrupt cessation of treatment
  • CNS stimulation

Frage 98

Frage
For Methyldopa is true:
Antworten
  • has antihypertensive effect
  • it is safe in pregnancy
  • could cause drug-induced parkinsonism
  • used to treat threatening abortion

Frage 99

Frage
Which of the following drugs are selective β1-blockers?
Antworten
  • Atenolol
  • Pindolol
  • Propranolol
  • Metoprolol

Frage 100

Frage
β-blockers are indicated in case of:
Antworten
  • hypertension
  • bronchial asthma
  • arrhythmia
  • ischaemic heart disease

Frage 101

Frage
β-blocker approved for topical use in treatment of glaucoma is:
Antworten
  • Bisoprolol
  • Metoprolol
  • Timolol
  • Propranolol

Frage 102

Frage
Potential adverse drug reactions of β-blockers are
Antworten
  • hypoglycaemia
  • bronchoconstriction
  • hyperglycaemia
  • nightmares

Frage 103

Frage
Effects of methylxanthines on the cardio-vascular system are:
Antworten
  • positive inotropic effect
  • negative inotropic effect
  • increased cardiac output
  • cranial vessels constriction

Frage 104

Frage
Adverse drug reactions of methylxanthines are:
Antworten
  • arrhythmia
  • seizures - in higher doses
  • increased oxygen demand of the heart
  • bronchial constriction

Frage 105

Frage
Therapeutic uses of Methylehenidaie are:
Antworten
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
  • hypertension
  • narcolepsy
  • concentration and attention deficit in adults

Frage 106

Frage
Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are:
Antworten
  • Fluoxetine
  • Clomipramine
  • Paroxetine
  • Amitriptyiine

Frage 107

Frage
Mode of action of antidepressants involves:
Antworten
  • Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
  • Inhibition of norepinephrin reuptake
  • Stimulation of serotonin reuptake
  • MAO inhibition

Frage 108

Frage
In treatment with MAOIs should be avoided the intake of:
Antworten
  • tyramine containing nutrition
  • cyclic antidepressants
  • adrenomimetics
  • cholinolytics
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