Frage 1
Frage
The main routes of enteral administration of drugs are:
Antworten
-
oral
-
by injection
-
rectal
-
per mucosa
Frage 2
Frage
Advantages of the oral route of drug administration are:
Antworten
-
easily self-administered
-
toxicity and overdose may be overcome with antidotes
-
drugs avoid first-pass metabolism
-
drugs go directly into the systemic circulation
Frage 3
Frage
Advantages of the rectal route of drug administration are:
Antworten
-
suitable for vomiting patients
-
suitable for children
-
suitable for unconscious patients
-
a way to avoid first-pass metabolism
Frage 4
Frage
Disadvantages of intravenous drug administration are:
Antworten
-
a trained staff is required
-
risk of bacterial contamination at the site of injection
-
it is painful and stressful for the patient
-
drugs undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver
Frage 5
Frage
Point out the correct statements for intravenous drug administration:
Antworten
-
aqueous solutions can be administered i.v.
-
oil solutions can be administered i.v.
-
has the highest bioavailability
-
used for treatment of life-threatening conditions
Frage 6
Frage
The subject of pharmacokinetics is:
Frage 7
Frage
Point out the correct statements for passive diffusion:
Frage 8
Frage
A drug-weak acid will be absorbed
Antworten
-
in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Frage 9
Frage
The diffusion of Iipid soluble drugs
Antworten
-
depends on the charge of the drug molecule
-
does not depend on the charge of the drug molecule
-
is penetration through aqueous channels or pores
-
is penetration through the biological membranes
Frage 10
Frage
A drug-weak base will be absorbed
Antworten
-
in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Frage 11
Frage
Point out the correct statements for active drug transport
Frage 12
Frage
Point out the correct statement for drugs bound to plasma proteins
Antworten
-
bound drugs are pharmacologically active
-
only the unbound drugs can act on target sites in the tissues
-
only the bound drugs are available to the process of elimination
-
drugs may displace each other from the binding proteins
Frage 13
Frage
Drug metabolism may
Antworten
-
increase a drug’s pharmacological activity
-
decrease a drug’s pharmacological activity
-
change the pharmacological effects of a drug
-
change the toxicity of a drug
Frage 14
Frage
First phase liver metabolism reactions include
Antworten
-
acetylation
-
conjugation
-
reduction
-
oxidation
Frage 15
Frage
Second phase liver metabolism reactions include
Antworten
-
acetylation
-
conjugation
-
reduction
-
oxidation
Frage 16
Frage
Phase 1 of drug metabolism
Antworten
-
may or may not involve cytochrome P450 system
-
phase 1 reactions convert Iipophilic molecules to more polar molecules
-
includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, hydrolysis
-
consists of conjugation reactions
Frage 17
Frage
Renal excretion of a drug will be reduced if
Antworten
-
the drug is a weak acid and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a weak acid and the urine is acidic
-
the drug is a weak base and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a barbiturate and the urine is alkaline
Frage 18
Frage
Drug pharmacodynamics includes
Frage 19
Frage
The changes that occur due to the interaction between drug molecules and organism structures are called
Antworten
-
drug effect
-
drug action
-
adverse drug reaction
-
placebo effect
Frage 20
Frage
The organism response as a result of the changes that have occurred due to its interaction with the drug is called
Antworten
-
drug action
-
drug effect
-
adverse drug reaction
-
placebo effect
Frage 21
Frage
What is characteristic for a drug receptor
Frage 22
Frage
Agonists are ligands which
Antworten
-
have affinity
-
block receptors
-
have intrinsic activity
-
bind to the receptor
Frage 23
Frage
Antagonists are ligands which
Frage 24
Frage
Therapeutic margin is the
Antworten
-
difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between lethal and mean effective doses
Frage 25
Frage
Drugs’ therapeutic index is the:
Antworten
-
difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between mean lethal and mean effective doses
Frage 26
Frage
Types of drug interaction are:
Frage 27
Frage
Potentiation can be observed during the concomitant use of:
Frage 28
Frage
Full competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, administered in acute opioid intoxication is:
Antworten
-
Allylnormorphine
-
Methadone
-
Naloxone
-
Flumazenil
Frage 29
Frage
Chemical antagonism or complex formation can be observed in:
Frage 30
Frage
Which of the following are enzyme inducers:
Antworten
-
Phenytoin
-
Phenobarbital
-
Metamizol
-
Metronidazole
Frage 31
Frage
Multiple drug administration could lead to:
Antworten
-
drug tolerance
-
drug dependence
-
drug accumulation
-
allergic reactions
Frage 32
Frage
Drug addiction/dependence involves:
Antworten
-
drug tolerance
-
physical dependence
-
psychological dependence
-
allergy
Frage 33
Frage
Antiseptics are used for:
Frage 34
Frage
Disinfectants are used for decontamination of:
Antworten
-
urine, faeces and other
-
mouth
-
instruments
-
clothing and underwear
Frage 35
Frage
Antiseptics and disinfectants are:
Frage 36
Frage
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
Antworten
-
they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
-
they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
-
they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
-
they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid
Frage 37
Frage
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
Frage 38
Frage
Combined sulfonamides are:
Frage 39
Frage
Fluoroquinoiones are:
Antworten
-
Gentamycin
-
Moxifloxacin
-
Ciprofloxacin
-
Levofloxacin
Frage 40
Frage
Mechanism of action of quinolones is:
Antworten
-
inhibition of protein synthesis
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of topoisomerase II and IV
-
inhibition of DNA transcription and replication
Frage 41
Frage
Fluoroquinolones have:
Frage 42
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of fluoroquinolones are:
Antworten
-
articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy)
-
hypertension
-
seizures in patients with epilepsy
-
prolongation of QT interval
Frage 43
Frage
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
Antworten
-
penicillins
-
cephalosporins
-
monobactams
-
tetracyclines
Frage 44
Antworten
-
are bactericidal
-
are bacterostatic
-
accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
-
are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia
Frage 45
Frage
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Antworten
-
Azithromycin (Azatril)
-
Roxithromycin (Rulid)
-
Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
-
Gentamycin
Frage 46
Antworten
-
bactericidal
-
bacteriostatic
-
inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
-
effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia
Frage 47
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
Frage 48
Frage
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Antworten
-
penicillins
-
cephalosporins
-
monobactams
-
carbapenems
Frage 49
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
Frage 50
Frage
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
Frage 51
Frage
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Frage 52
Frage
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Antworten
-
Gentamycin
-
Amoxiclav
-
Amikacin
-
Tobramycin
Frage 53
Frage
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Antworten
-
they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
-
they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
-
they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
-
they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
Frage 54
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
Antworten
-
nephrotoxicity
-
ototoxicity
-
myelotoxlcity
-
hepatotoxiclty
Frage 55
Antworten
-
are fungistatic
-
inhibit cell wall synthesis
-
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
-
inhibit hepatic CYP450 enzymes
Frage 56
Frage
ADRs of azole antifungals are:
Antworten
-
hepatotoxicity
-
endocrine disorders
-
nephrotoxicity
-
nausea, vomiting
Frage 57
Frage
Point the correct statements for Nystatin
Antworten
-
has fungistatic activity
-
causes gastrointestinal disturbances
-
is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
-
is effective against Candida species
Frage 58
Frage
Point out the correct statements for Aciclovir
Antworten
-
it inhibits viral DNA polymerase
-
it is used for treatment of herpes virus infections
-
it inhibits neuraminidase enzyme
-
can be applied topically, orally or intravenously
Frage 59
Frage
Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is
Antworten
-
interference with the function of the viral M2 protein
-
inhibition of specific neuraminidase enzyme
-
inhibition of reverse transcriptases
-
inhibition of proteases
Frage 60
Frage
Mechanism of action of Rifampicin (Rifampin) is
Antworten
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of 50 S ribosomal subunit
-
inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
increased cell membrane permeability
Frage 61
Frage
ADRs of Rifampicin (Rifampin) are:
Frage 62
Frage
What are the effects of benzodiazepines?
Antworten
-
hypnotic effect
-
anxiolytic effect
-
muscle-relaxing effect
-
anticonvulsant effect
Frage 63
Frage
How do benzodiazepines exert their effects?
Antworten
-
they enhance the effectiveness of GABA
-
they inhibit the phosphodiesterase
-
they are positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-mediation
-
they block D2 receptors in the CNS
Frage 64
Frage
Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics that act at GABA-recptor are
Antworten
-
Phenobarbital
-
Melatonin
-
Zolpidem (Stilnox)
-
Zopiclone (Imovan)
Frage 65
Frage
Adverse drug reaction of Zopiclone (Imovan) are
Frage 66
Frage
Magnesium sulfate has sedative effects when administered
Antworten
-
orally
-
parenterally
-
subcutaneously
-
by inhalation
Frage 67
Frage
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs includes
Antworten
-
enhancing GABA synaptic transmission
-
blocking D2 receptors
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to sodium channels
Frage 68
Frage
Drugs reducing cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels are
Antworten
-
Carbamazepine
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Lamotrigine
-
Valproate
Frage 69
Frage
Cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels is reduced by
Antworten
-
Valproate
-
Ethosuximide
-
Phenobarbital
-
Levetiracetam
Frage 70
Frage
What are the clinical indications for prescribing Carbamazepine?
Antworten
-
It is a drug of first choice or focal and secondary generalized epilepsy
-
It is appropriate for treatment of absence seizures
-
It is used in the treatment of insomnia
-
It is useful for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Frage 71
Frage
What is characteristic of Phenytoin?
Antworten
-
It reduces cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels
-
It increases GABA synaptic transmission
-
It is a potent enzyme inducer
-
It is also used as an antiarrhythmic drug
Frage 72
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Valproates are
Antworten
-
constipation
-
weight gain
-
hair loss
-
hepatotoxicity
Frage 73
Frage
Which antiepileptic drugs can be used for treating status epilepticus?
Antworten
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Carboxamides
-
Valproates
-
Barbiturates
Frage 74
Frage
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Antworten
-
skeletal muscles
-
bronchial smooth muscles
-
heart
-
smooth muscles of GIT
Frage 75
Frage
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Antworten
-
autonomic ganglia
-
adrenal gland medulla
-
heart muscle
-
skeletal muscles
Frage 76
Frage
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
Antworten
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
-
increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
-
increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT
Frage 77
Frage
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Frage 78
Frage
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
Frage 79
Frage
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
Antworten
-
lpratropii bromidum
-
Galantamine bromidum
-
Neostigmine methylsulfas
-
Pyridostigmine bromidum
Frage 80
Frage
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
Antworten
-
bronchial asthma
-
paralytic ileus
-
epilepsy
-
bradycardia
Frage 81
Frage
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Antworten
-
Atropini sulfas
-
Butylscopolamine
-
Atracurium besilas
-
Ipratropium bromidum
Frage 82
Frage
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
Frage 83
Frage
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are
Frage 84
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
Frage 85
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
Antworten
-
histamine release
-
hypotension
-
hypertension
-
allergic reaction
Frage 86
Frage
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Frage 87
Frage
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
Frage 88
Frage
α1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Frage 89
Frage
β1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Antworten
-
postsynaptic neuronal endings
-
presynaptic neuronal endings
-
myocardial cells
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney
Frage 90
Frage
β2-adrenoceptors are located on:
Frage 91
Frage
Indications for the clinical use of Epinephrine are:
Frage 92
Frage
Pharmacological effects of the selective β2-agonists are:
Frage 93
Frage
Which of the following drugs are selective β2-agonists?
Antworten
-
lsoprenalini sulfas
-
Orciprenalini sulfas
-
Salbutamol
-
Salmeterol
Frage 94
Frage
β2-agonists are indicated in:
Antworten
-
bronchial asthma
-
digitalis intoxication
-
arterial hypertension
-
threatening abortion
Frage 95
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of β2-agonists are:
Antworten
-
finger tremor
-
bronchial dilatation
-
hyperglycemia
-
tolerance
Frage 96
Frage
Which of the following drugs act as agonists of the presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors?
Antworten
-
Salbutamol
-
Clonidini hydrochloridum
-
α-Methyldopum (Dopegyt)
-
Sotalol
Frage 97
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of Clonidin are:
Frage 98
Frage
For Methyldopa is true:
Antworten
-
has antihypertensive effect
-
it is safe in pregnancy
-
could cause drug-induced parkinsonism
-
used to treat threatening abortion
Frage 99
Frage
Which of the following drugs are selective β1-blockers?
Antworten
-
Atenolol
-
Pindolol
-
Propranolol
-
Metoprolol
Frage 100
Frage
β-blockers are indicated in case of:
Antworten
-
hypertension
-
bronchial asthma
-
arrhythmia
-
ischaemic heart disease
Frage 101
Frage
β-blocker approved for topical use in treatment of glaucoma is:
Antworten
-
Bisoprolol
-
Metoprolol
-
Timolol
-
Propranolol
Frage 102
Frage
Potential adverse drug reactions of β-blockers are
Antworten
-
hypoglycaemia
-
bronchoconstriction
-
hyperglycaemia
-
nightmares
Frage 103
Frage
Effects of methylxanthines on the cardio-vascular system are:
Antworten
-
positive inotropic effect
-
negative inotropic effect
-
increased cardiac output
-
cranial vessels constriction
Frage 104
Frage
Adverse drug reactions of methylxanthines are:
Frage 105
Frage
Therapeutic uses of Methylehenidaie are:
Frage 106
Frage
Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are:
Antworten
-
Fluoxetine
-
Clomipramine
-
Paroxetine
-
Amitriptyiine
Frage 107
Frage
Mode of action of antidepressants involves:
Antworten
-
Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
-
Inhibition of norepinephrin reuptake
-
Stimulation of serotonin reuptake
-
MAO inhibition
Frage 108
Frage
In treatment with MAOIs should be avoided the intake of: