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ASCP Chemistry 1-200

Beschreibung

bachelor Certificate cASCP Quiz am ASCP Chemistry 1-200, erstellt von Taylor Walker am 14/01/2019.
Taylor Walker
Quiz von Taylor Walker, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Taylor Walker
Erstellt von Taylor Walker vor fast 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The urinary excretion product measured as an indicator of epinephrine production is:
Antworten
  • dopamine
  • dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)
  • homovanillic acid
  • vanillylmandelic acid

Frage 2

Frage
Which two conditions can 'physiologically" elevate serum alkaline phosphatase?
Antworten
  • rickets, hyperparathyroidism
  • obstructive jaundice, biliary cirrhosis
  • growth, third trimester of pregnancy
  • viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis

Frage 3

Frage
The T3 resin uptake test is a measure of:
Antworten
  • circulating T3
  • bound T3
  • binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin
  • total thyroxine-binding globulin

Frage 4

Frage
During an evaluation of adrenal function, a patient had plasma cortisol levels in the morning after awakening and in the evening. Laboratory results indicated that the morning value was higher than the evening concentration. This is indicative of:
Antworten
  • a normal finding
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Addison's disease
  • hypopituitarism

Frage 5

Frage
In the liver, bilirubin is converted to:
Antworten
  • urobilinogen
  • urobilin
  • bilirubin-albumin complex
  • bilirubin diglucuronide

Frage 6

Frage
The following results were obtained in a creatinine clearance evaluation: Urine concentration 84 mg/dL Urine volume 1440 mLI24 hr Serum concentration 1.4 mg/dL Body surface area 1.60 m2 (average = 1.73 m2) The creatinine clearance in mL/min is:
Antworten
  • 6
  • 22
  • 60
  • 65

Frage 7

Frage
The electrophoretic pattern of a plasma sample compared with a serum sample show a:
Antworten
  • broad pre-albumin peak
  • sharp fibrinogen peak
  • diffuse pattern because of the presence of anticoagulants
  • decreased globulin fraction

Frage 8

Frage
The biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein depends on the number of:
Antworten
  • free amino groups
  • free carboxyl groups
  • peptide bonds
  • tyrosine residues

Frage 9

Frage
Total iron-binding capacity measures the serum iron transporting capacity of:
Antworten
  • hemoglobin
  • ceruloplasmin
  • transferrin
  • ferritin

Frage 10

Frage
In the Jendrassik-Grof method for serum bilirubin, quantitation is obtained by measuring the green color of:
Antworten
  • azobilirubin
  • bilirubin glucuronide
  • urobilin
  • urobilinogen

Frage 11

Frage
Absorbance (A) of a solution may be converted to percent transmittance (%T) using the formula:
Antworten
  • 1+log%T
  • 2+log%T
  • 1-log%T
  • 2-log%T

Frage 12

Frage
Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are both elevated in which of the following diseases?
Antworten
  • muscular dystrophy
  • viral hepatitis
  • pulmonary emboli
  • infectious mononucleosis

Frage 13

Frage
Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by:
Antworten
  • insulin
  • parathyroid hormone
  • thyroxine
  • vitamin C

Frage 14

Frage
Which of the following steroids is an adrenal cortical hormone'?
Antworten
  • angiotensinogen
  • corticosterone
  • progesterone
  • pregnanetriol

Frage 15

Frage
Blood PCO2 may be measured by:
Antworten
  • direct colorimetric measurement of dissolved C02
  • calculations of blood pH and total CO2 concentration
  • measurement of C02-saturated hemoglobin
  • measurement of CO2 consumed at the cathode

Frage 16

Frage
In the potentiometric measurement of hydrogen ion concentration, reference electrodes that may be used include:
Antworten
  • silver-silver chloride
  • quinhydrone
  • hydroxide
  • hydrogen

Frage 17

Frage
The osmolality of a urine or serum specimen is measured by a change in the:
Antworten
  • freezing point
  • sediment point
  • midpoint
  • osmotic pressure

Frage 18

Frage
In a spectrophotometer, light of a specific wavelength can be isolated from white light with
Antworten
  • double beam
  • diffraction grating
  • aperture
  • slit

Frage 19

Frage
Which of the following is unstable if a blood specimen is left standing at room temp. for 8 hours before processing?
Antworten
  • cholesterol
  • triglyceride
  • creatinine
  • glucose

Frage 20

Frage
A urine screening test for porphobilinogen is positive The MC)~T likely disease state is'
Antworten
  • lead poisoning
  • porphyria cutanea tarda
  • acute porphyria attack
  • erythrocytic protoporphyria

Frage 21

Frage
in electrophoretic analysis buffers
Antworten
  • stabilize electrolytes
  • maintain basic pH
  • act as a carrier for ions
  • produce an effect on protein configuration

Frage 22

Frage
A condition in which erythrocyte protoporphyrin is increased is:
Antworten
  • a. acute intermittent porphyria
  • b. iron deficiency anemia
  • c. porphyria cutanea tarda
  • d. acute porphyric attack

Frage 23

Frage
The stimulant that causes localized sweating for the sweat test is:
Antworten
  • a. polyvinyl alcohol
  • b. lithium sulfate
  • c. potassium sulfate
  • d. pilocarpine nitrate

Frage 24

Frage
In the sweat test, the sweating stimulant is introduced to the skin by application of:
Antworten
  • a. filter paper moistened with pilocarpine nitrate
  • b. an electric current
  • c. copper electrodes
  • d. filter paper moistened in deionized water

Frage 25

Frage
The formula for calculating serum osmolality that incorporates a correction for the water content of plasma is:
Antworten
  • a. 2 Na x (GlucoseI2O) x (BUN/3) ½
  • b. Na + [(2 x Glucose)/20] x (BUN/3)
  • c. 2 Na + Glucose/20 + (BUN/3)
  • d. 2 Na + Glucose/3 + (BUN/20)

Frage 26

Frage
Osmolal gap is the difference between:
Antworten
  • a. ideal and real osmolality values
  • b. calculated and measured osmolality values
  • c. plasma and water osmolality values
  • d. molality and molarity at 40C

Frage 27

Frage
Erroneous ammonia levels can be eliminated by all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • a. ensuring water and reagents are ammonia-free
  • b. separating plasma from cells and performing test analysis as soon as possible
  • c. drawing the specimen in a pre-chilled tube and immersing the tube in ice
  • d. storing the specimen protected from light until the analysis is done

Frage 28

Frage
Which of the following applies to cryoscopic osmometry?
Antworten
  • a. temperature at equilibrium is a function of the number of particles in solution.
  • b. temperature plateau for a solution is horizontal.
  • c. freezing point of a sample is absolute.
  • d. initial freezing of a sample produces an immediate solid state.

Frage 29

Frage
The first step to be taken when attempting to repair a piece of electronic equipment is:
Antworten
  • a. check all the electronic connections
  • b. reseat all the printed circuit boards
  • c. turn the instrument off
  • d. replace all the fuses

Frage 30

Frage
Most of the carbon dioxide present in blood is in the form of:
Antworten
  • a. dissolved C02
  • b. carbonate
  • c. bicarbonate ion
  • d. carbonic acid

Frage 31

Frage
The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by:
Antworten
  • urine creatine
  • serum creatinine
  • creatinine clearance
  • urine to serum osmolality ratio

Frage 32

Frage
How many grams of sulfosalicylic acid (MW = 254) are required to prepare 1 L of a 3% (w/v) solution?
Antworten
  • 3
  • 30
  • 254
  • 300

Frage 33

Frage
A physician suspects his patient has pancreatitis. Which test(s) would be most indicative of this disease?
Antworten
  • creatinine
  • LD isoenzymes
  • hydroxybutyrate
  • amylase

Frage 34

Frage
The statistical term for the average value is the:
Antworten
  • mode
  • median
  • mean
  • coefficient of variation

Frage 35

Frage
An index of precision is statistically known as the:
Antworten
  • median
  • mean
  • standard deviation
  • coefficient of variation

Frage 36

Frage
The most frequent value in a collection of data is statistically known as the:
Antworten
  • mode
  • median
  • mean
  • standard deviation

Frage 37

Frage
The middle value of a data set is statistically known as the:
Antworten
  • mean
  • median
  • mode
  • standard deviation

Frage 38

Frage
In a specimen collected for plasma glucose analysis, sodium fluoride:
Antworten
  • serves as a coenzyme of hexokinase
  • prevents reactivity of non-glucose reducing substances
  • precipitates proteins
  • inhibits glycolysis

Frage 39

Frage
In the international system of units serum urea is expressed in millimoles per liter. A serum urea nitrogen concentration of 28 mg/dL would be equivalent to what concentration of urea? (Urea: NH2CONH2; atomic wt N = 14, C = 12, 0= 16, H = 1)
Antworten
  • 4.7mEqIL
  • 5.0mEqIL
  • 10.0mEqIL
  • 20.0 mEqIL

Frage 40

Frage
The osmolal gap is defined as measured Osm/kg minus the calculated Osm/kg. The average osmolal gap is near:
Antworten
  • 0
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6

Frage 41

Frage
To be analyzed by gas liquid chromatography, a compound must:
Antworten
  • be volatile or made volatile
  • not be volatile
  • be water-soluble
  • contain a nitrogen atom

Frage 42

Frage
The solute that contributes the most to the total serum osmolality is:
Antworten
  • glucose
  • sodium
  • chloride
  • urea

Frage 43

Frage
In automated methods utilizing a bichromatic analyzer, dual wavelengths are employed to:
Antworten
  • minimize the effect of interference
  • improve precision
  • increase throughput
  • monitor temperature changes

Frage 44

Frage
Which of the following electrodes is based on the principle of amperometric measurement?
Antworten
  • PCO2 electrode
  • P02 electrode
  • pH electrode
  • ionized calcium electrode

Frage 45

Frage
One international unit of enzyme activity is the amount of enzyme that, under specified reaction conditions of substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, causes utilization of substrate at the rate of:
Antworten
  • 1 mole/min
  • 1 millimole/min
  • 1 micromole/min
  • 1 nanomole/min

Frage 46

Frage
The Porter-Silber method (phenylhydrazine in alcohol and sulfuric acid) involves which part of the steroid molecule?
Antworten
  • ketone group
  • hydroxyl group
  • dihydroxyacetone side chain
  • steroid ring

Frage 47

Frage
Which family of steroid hormones is characterized by an unsaturated A ring?
Antworten
  • progestins
  • estrogens
  • androgens
  • glucocorticoids

Frage 48

Frage
Which of the following statements about immunoassays using enzyme-labeled antibodies or antigens is correct?
Antworten
  • Inactivation of the enzyme is required.
  • The enzyme label is less stable than an isotopic label.
  • Quantitation of the label can be carried out with a spectrophotometer.
  • The enzyme label is not an enzyme found naturally in serum.

Frage 49

Frage
Which of the following chemical determinations may be of help in establishing the presence of seminal fluid?
Antworten
  • lactic dehydrogenase (LD)
  • isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD)
  • acid phosphatase
  • alkaline phosphatase

Frage 50

Frage
Which of the following serum protein fractions is most likely to be elevated in patients with nephrotic syndrome?
Antworten
  • alpha-I globulin
  • alpha-I globulin and alpha-2 globulin
  • alpha-2 globulin and beta globulin
  • beta globulin and gamma globulin

Frage 51

Frage
Which of the following enzyme substrates for prostatic acid phosphatase results in the highest specificity?
Antworten
  • phenyl-phosphate
  • thymolphthalein monophosphate
  • alpha-naphthyl-phosphate
  • beta-glycerophosphate

Frage 52

Frage
The following laboratory results were obtained on arterial blood: Sodium l36mEq/L pH 7.32 Potassium 4.4 mEq/L PCO~ 79 mm Hg Chloride 92 mEq/L Bicarbonate 40 mEq/L These results are most compatible with:
Antworten
  • a. respiratory alkalosis
  • b. respiratory acidosis
  • c. metabolic alkalosis
  • d. metabolic acidosis

Frage 53

Frage
Increased total serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, confined to fractions 4 and 5, is most likely associated with:
Antworten
  • a. pulmonary infarction
  • b. hemolytic anemia
  • c. myocardial infarction
  • d. acute viral hepatitis

Frage 54

Frage
Regan isoenzyme has the same properties as alkaline phosphatase that originates in the:
Antworten
  • skeleton
  • kidney
  • intestine
  • placenta

Frage 55

Frage
Assay of transketolase activity in blood is used to detect deficiency OL
Antworten
  • thiamine
  • b. folic acid
  • c. ascorbic acid
  • d. riboflavin

Frage 56

Frage
The substance that is measured to estimate the serum concentration of triglycerides by MOST methods is:
Antworten
  • a. phospholipids
  • b. glycerol
  • c. fatty acids
  • d. pre-beta lipoprotein

Frage 57

Frage
The most Sensitive enzymatic indicator for liver damage from ethanol intake is:
Antworten
  • a. alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
  • b. aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
  • c. gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
  • d. alkaline phosphatase

Frage 58

Frage
Refer to the following illustration: Patient Values Reference Values Total Protein 7.3 g/dL 6.0-8.0 g/dL Albumin 4.2 g/dL 3.6-5.2 g/dL Alpha-1 0.0 g/dL 0.1-0.4 g/dL Alpha-2 0.9 g/dL 0.4-1.0 g/dL Beta 0.8 g/dL 0.5-1.2 g/dL Gamma 1.4g/dL 0.6-1.6g/dL This electrophoresis pattern is consistent with:
Antworten
  • cirrhosis
  • b. monoclonal gammopathy
  • c. polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)
  • d. alpha-l antitrypsin deficiency; severe emphysema

Frage 59

Frage
Patients with Cushing's syndrome exhibit:
Antworten
  • a. decreased plasma 17-hydroxysteroid concentration
  • b. decreased urinary 17-hydroxysteroid excretion
  • c. serum cortisol concentrations greater than 15 mg/dL
  • d. decreased cortisol secretory rate

Frage 60

Frage
60. A one molal solution is equivalent to:
Antworten
  • a. a solution containing one mole of solute per kg of solvent
  • b. 1000 mL of solution containing one mole of solute
  • c. a solution containing one gram-equivalent weight of solute in one liter of solution
  • d. a 1-L solution containing 2 moles of solute

Frage 61

Frage
Refer to the following illustration: Patient Values Reference Values Total Protein 8.9 g/dL 6.0-8.0 g,dL Albumin 4.8 g/dL 3.6-5.2 g/dL Alpha-1 0.3 g/dL 0.1-0.4 g/dL Alpha-2 0.7 g/dL 0.4-1.0 g/dL Beta 0.8 g/dL 0.5-1.2 g/dL Gamma 2.3 g/dL 0.6-1.6 g/dL The serum protein electrophoresis pattern is consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. cirrhosis
  • b. acute inflammation
  • c. monoclonal gammopathy
  • d. polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)

Frage 62

Frage
Refer to the following pattern: Patient Values Reference Values Total Protein 6.1g/dL 6.0-8.0g/dL Albumin 2.3 g/dL 3-5.2 g/dL Alpha-1 0.2 g/dL 0.1-0.4 g/dL Alpha-2 0.5 g/dL 0-1.0 g/dL Beta 1.2g/dL 0.5-l.2g/dL Gamma l.9g/dL 0-1.6g/dL This pattern is consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. cirrhosis
  • b. acute inflammation
  • c. polyclonal gammopathy (eg, chronic inflammation)
  • d. alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; severe emphysema

Frage 63

Frage
63. Given the following results: Alkaline phosphatase Slight increase Alanine transferase. Marked increase Aspartate transferase Marked increase Gamma-glutamyl transferase. Slight increase This is most consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. acute hepatitis
  • b. chronic hepatitis
  • c. obstructive jaundice
  • d. liver hemangioma

Frage 64

Frage
Given the following results: Alkaline phosphatase Marked increase Alanine transferase Slight increase Aspartate aminotransferase Slight increase Gamma-glutamyl transferase Marked increase This is most consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. acute hepatitis
  • b. osteitis fibrosa
  • c. chronic hepatitis
  • d. obstructive jaundice

Frage 65

Frage
Given the following results: Alkaline phosphatase Slight increase Alanine transferase Slight increase Aspartate aminotransferase Slight increase Gamma-glutamyl transferase Slight increase This is most consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. acute hepatitis
  • b. chronic hepatitis
  • c. obstructive jaundice
  • d. liver hemangioma

Frage 66

Frage
66. Which of the following statements about fluorometry are true?
Antworten
  • a. A compound is said to fluoresce when it absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a second wavelength.
  • b. Detectors in fluorometers are placed 1800 from the excitation source.
  • c. It is less sensitive than spectrophotometry.
  • d. It avoids the necessity for complexing of components because fluorescence is a native property.

Frage 67

Frage
A benefit of microassays includes:
Antworten
  • a. increased analytical reliability
  • b. reduced reagent requirements
  • c. increased diagnostic specificity
  • d. reduced numbers of repeated tests

Frage 68

Frage
Refer to the following illustration: This illustration represents the change in absorbance at 340 nm over a period of 8 minutes in an assay for lactate dehydrogenase. True statements about this figure include:
Antworten
  • The reaction follows zero order kinetics between 5 and 8 minutes.
  • The reaction is proceeding from lactate to pyruvate.
  • Non-linearity after 6 minutes is due to substrate exhaustion
  • The change in absorbance is due to reduction of NAD to NADH.

Frage 69

Frage
A serum sample drawn in the emergency room from a 42-year-old man yielded the follow¬ing laboratory results: CK 185 Units (Normal = 15-160) AST 123 Units (Normal = 0-48) CK-MB 6 Units (Normal = 2-12) Which of the following conditions might account for these values?
Antworten
  • crush injury to the thigh
  • cerebrovascular accident
  • pulmonary inhrction
  • early acute hepatitis

Frage 70

Frage
In competitive inhibition of an enzyme reaction the:
Antworten
  • inhibitor binds to the enzyme at the same site as the substrate
  • inhibitor often has a chemical structure different from that of the substrate
  • activity of the reaction can be decreased by increasing the concentration of the substrate
  • activity of the reaction can be increased by decreasing the temperature

Frage 71

Frage
Kernicterus is an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in:
Antworten
  • heart tissue
  • brain tissue
  • liver tissue
  • kidney tissue

Frage 72

Frage
Two standard deviations is the acceptable limit of error in the chemistry laboratory. If you run the normal control 100 times, how many of the values would be out of control due to random error?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20

Frage 73

Frage
Serum haptoglobin:
Antworten
  • is decreased in patients with tissue injury and neoplasia
  • is increased in patients with prosthetic heart valves
  • can be separated into distinct phenotypes by starch-gel electrophoresis
  • binds heme

Frage 74

Frage
Which of the following serum proteins migrates with the beta-globulins on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6?
Antworten
  • ceruloplasmin
  • hemoglobin
  • haptoglobin
  • C3 component of complement

Frage 75

Frage
Fasting serum phosphate concentration is controlled primarily by the:
Antworten
  • pancreas
  • skeleton
  • parathyroid glands
  • small intestine

Frage 76

Frage
Serum “anion gap" is increased in patients with:
Antworten
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • diabetic alkalosis
  • metabolic acidosis due to diarrhea
  • lactic acidosis

Frage 77

Frage
Increased serum lactic dehydrogenase activity due to elevation of fast fraction (1 and 2) on electrophoretic separation is caused by:
Antworten
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • hemolytic
  • pancreatitis
  • hepatic damage

Frage 78

Frage
The nanometer is used as a measure of:
Antworten
  • a. absorbance
  • b. % transmittance
  • c. intensity of radiant energy
  • d. wavelength of radiant energy

Frage 79

Frage
Major actions of angiotensin II include:
Antworten
  • a. increased pituitary secretion of renin
  • b. increased vasoconstriction
  • c. increased parathyroid hormone secretion by the parathyroid
  • d. decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

Frage 80

Frage
The presence of increased CK- MB activity on a CK electrophoresis pattern is most likely found in a patient suffering from:
Antworten
  • a. acute muscular stress following strenuous exercise
  • b. malignant liver disease
  • c. myocardial infarction
  • d. severe head injury

Frage 81

Frage
What is the molarity of a solution that contains 18.7 g of KCl (MW 74.5) in 500 mL of water?
Antworten
  • 0.1
  • 0.5
  • 1.0
  • 5.0

Frage 82

Frage
In the total bilirubin assay, bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulfanilic acid to form:
Antworten
  • diazo bilirubin
  • biliverdin
  • azobilirubin
  • bilirubin glucuronide

Frage 83

Frage
Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the:
Antworten
  • a. average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
  • b. average blood glucose levels for the past week
  • c. blood glucose level at the time the sample is drawn
  • d. hemoglobin A1C level at the time the sample is drawn

Frage 84

Frage
The identification of Bence Jones protein is best accomplished by:
Antworten
  • a. a sulfosalicylic acid test
  • b. urine reagent strips
  • c. immunofixation
  • d. electrophoresis

Frage 85

Frage
The anion gap is useful for quality control of laboratory results for:
Antworten
  • a. amino acids and proteins
  • b. blood gas analyses
  • c. sodium, potassium, chloride, and total C02
  • d. calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

Frage 86

Frage
Which percentage of total serum calcium is nondiffusible protein bound?
Antworten
  • a. 80%-90%
  • b. 51%-60%
  • c. 40%-50%
  • d. 10%-30%

Frage 87

Frage
The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and:
Antworten
  • Sodium
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • chloride

Frage 88

Frage
Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main function is main¬taining osmotic pressure?
Antworten
  • Chloride
  • calcium
  • potassium
  • sodium

Frage 89

Frage
A reciprocal relationship exists between:
Antworten
  • sodium and potassium
  • calcium and phosphorus
  • chloride and C02
  • calcium and magnesium

Frage 90

Frage
An assay calls for 0.1 mL serum, 5 mL of reagent and 4.9 mL of water. What is the serum dilution in the final solution?
Antworten
  • 1:5
  • 1:10
  • 1:50
  • 1:100

Frage 91

Frage
At blood pH 7.40 what is the ratio between bicarbonate and carbonic acid?
Antworten
  • 15:1
  • 20:1
  • 25:1
  • 30:1

Frage 92

Frage
The bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio is calculated from an equation by:
Antworten
  • a. Siggaard-Andersen
  • b. Gibbs-Donnan
  • c. Natelson
  • d. Henderson-Hasselbaich

Frage 93

Frage
Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and C02 content due to changes in:
Antworten
  • a. Bohr's effect
  • b. 02 content
  • c. bicarbonate buffer
  • d. carbonic anhydrase

Frage 94

Frage
A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:
Antworten
  • a. vomiting
  • b. starvation
  • c. asthma
  • d. hyperventilation

Frage 95

Frage
Metabolic acidosis is described as a(n):
Antworten
  • a. increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
  • b. decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH
  • c. increase in CO2 with an increased pH
  • d. decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH

Frage 96

Frage
Respiratory acidosis is described as a(n):
Antworten
  • a. increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
  • b. decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH
  • c. increase in CO2 content with an increased pH
  • d. decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH

Frage 97

Frage
With a bicarbonate of 24 mEq/L and a carbonic acid of 1.2 mEq/L, calculate the pH
Antworten
  • 7.28
  • 7.38
  • 7.40
  • 7.42

Frage 98

Frage
The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37ºC is:
Antworten
  • a. 7.28-7.34
  • b. 7.33-7.37
  • c. 7.35-7.45
  • d. 7.45-7.50

Frage 99

Frage
Unless blood gas measurements are made immediately after sampling, in vitro glycolysis of the blood causes a:
Antworten
  • a. rise in pH and PCO2
  • b. fall in pH and a rise in P02
  • c. rise in pH and fall in P02
  • d. fall in pH and a rise in PCO2

Frage 100

Frage
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes?
Antworten
  • Silver
  • glass
  • platinum
  • platinum-lactate

Frage 101

Frage
In the immunoinhibition phase of the CK-MB procedure:
Antworten
  • a. M subunit is inactivated
  • b. B subunit is inactivated
  • c. MB is inactivated
  • d. BB is inactivated

Frage 102

Frage
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:
Antworten
  • a. glycogenesis
  • b. glycogenolysis
  • c. gluconeogenesis
  • d. glycolysis

Frage 103

Frage
Different water content of erythrocytes and plasma makes true glucose concentrations in whole blood a function of :
Antworten
  • a. hematocrit
  • b. leukocyte count
  • c. erythrocyte count
  • d. erythrocyte indices

Frage 104

Frage
In the fasting state, arterial and capillary blood glucose varies from the venous glucose by how many mg/dL?
Antworten
  • a. 2 mg/dL higher
  • b. 5 mg/dL higher
  • c. 10mg/dL lower
  • d. 12mg/dL lower

Frage 105

Frage
Which of the following hemoglobins has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine of the beta chain?
Antworten
  • S
  • C
  • A2
  • A1c

Frage 106

Frage
Increased concentrations of ascorbic acid inhibit chromogen production in which of the fol¬lowing glucose methods?
Antworten
  • ferricyanide
  • ortho-toluidine
  • glucose oxidase (peroxidase)
  • hexokinase

Frage 107

Frage
The function of the major lipid components of the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) js to transport:
Antworten
  • a. cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver
  • b. cholesterol and phospholipids to peripheral cells
  • c. exogenous triglycerides
  • d. endogenous triglycerides

Frage 108

Frage
The most widely used support medium for electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins is:
Antworten
  • a. agar gel
  • b. starch gel
  • c. paper
  • d. agarose gel

Frage 109

Frage
A hospitalized patient is experiencing tetany. Which test should be ordered immediately?
Antworten
  • a. calcium
  • b. phosphorus
  • c. BUN
  • d. glucose

Frage 110

Frage
Analysis of CSF for oligoclonal bands is used to screen for which of the following disease states?
Antworten
  • a. multiple myeloma
  • b. multiple sclerosis
  • c. myasthenia gravis
  • d. von Willebrand's disease

Frage 111

Frage
Sixty to seventy-five percent of the plasma cholesterol is transported by:
Antworten
  • a. chylomicrons
  • b. very low density lipoprotein
  • c. low density lipoprotein
  • d. high density lipoprotein

Frage 112

Frage
The major fraction of organic iodine in the circulation is in the form of:
Antworten
  • a. thyroglobulin
  • b. thyroxine
  • c. triiodothyronine
  • d. diiodotyrosine

Frage 113

Frage
Measurement of total T4 by competitive protein binding or displacement is based on specific binding properties of:
Antworten
  • a. thyroxine-binding prealbumin
  • b. albumin
  • c. thyroxine-binding globulin
  • d. thyroid-stimulating hormone

Frage 114

Frage
Which of the following methods employs a highly specific antibody to thyroxine?
Antworten
  • a. total T4 by competitive protein binding
  • b. T4 by RIA
  • c. T4 by column
  • d. T4 by equilibrium dialysis

Frage 115

Frage
A mean value of 100 and a standard deviation of 1.8 mg/dL were obtained from a set of glucose measurements on a control solution. The 95% confidence interval in mg/dL would be:
Antworten
  • a. 94.6-105.4
  • b. 96.4-103.6
  • c. 97.3-102.7
  • d. 98.2-101.8

Frage 116

Frage
The extent to which measurements agree with the true value of the quantity being measured is known as:
Antworten
  • a. reliability
  • b. accuracy
  • c. reproducibility
  • d. precision

Frage 117

Frage
When myocardial infarction occurs, the first enzyme to become elevated is:
Antworten
  • CK
  • LD
  • AST
  • ALT

Frage 118

Frage
In the assay of lactate dehydrogenase at 340 nm, using pyruvate as the substrate, one actually measures a:
Antworten
  • a. decrease in pyruvate
  • b. decrease in NADH
  • c. increase in lactate
  • d. increase in NADH

Frage 119

Frage
In the Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with:
Antworten
  • a. alkaline sulfasalazine solution to produce an orange-yellow complex
  • b. potassium iodide to form a reddish-purple complex
  • c. sodium nitroferricyanide to yield a reddish-brown color
  • d. alkaline picrate solution to yield an orange-red complex

Frage 120

Frage
Which of the following represents the end product of purine metabolism in humans?
Antworten
  • a. AMP and GMP
  • b. DNA and RNA
  • c. allantoin
  • d. uric acid

Frage 121

Frage
In protein electrophoresis where the sample is placed in an electric field with a buffer of pH 8.6, all of the proteins:
Antworten
  • a. have a positive charge
  • b. have a negative charge
  • c. are electrically neutral
  • d. migrate toward the cathode

Frage 122

Frage
Maple syrup urine disease is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?
Antworten
  • a. phenylalanine
  • tyrosine
  • c. valine, leucine, and isoleucine
  • d. cystine and cysteine

Frage 123

Frage
The hemoglobin that is resistant to alkali (KOH) denaturation is:
Antworten
  • A
  • A2
  • C
  • F

Frage 124

Frage
The parent substance in the biosynthesis of androgens and estrogens is:
Antworten
  • a. cortisol
  • b. catecholamines
  • c. progesterone
  • d. cholesterol

Frage 125

Frage
The biologically most active, naturally occurring androgen is:
Antworten
  • a. androstenedione
  • b. dehydroepiandrosterone
  • c. epiandrosterone
  • d. testosterone

Frage 126

Frage
A 24-hour urine specimen (total volume = 1136 m) is submitted to the laboratory for quantitative urine protein. Calculate the amount of protein excreted per day, if the total protein is 52 mg/dL.
Antworten
  • a. 591 mg
  • b. 487 mg
  • c. 220mg
  • d. 282 mg

Frage 127

Frage
Which of the following is secreted by the placenta and used for the early detection of pregnancy?
Antworten
  • a. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • b. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
  • c. luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • d. progesterone

Frage 128

Frage
Decreased serum iron associated with increased TIBC is compatible with which of the following disease states?
Antworten
  • a. anemia of chronic infection
  • b. iron deficiency anemia
  • c. chronic liver disease
  • d. nephrosis

Frage 129

Frage
A characteristic of the Bence Jones protein that is used to distinguish it from other urinary proteins is its solubility:
Antworten
  • a. in ammonium sulfate
  • b. in sulfuric acid
  • c. at 40ºC-60ºC
  • d. at 100ºC

Frage 130

Frage
130. Which of the following is an example of a peptide bond?
Antworten

Frage 131

Frage
The principal excretory form of nitrogen is:
Antworten
  • a. ammo acids
  • b. creatinine
  • c. urea
  • d. uric acid

Frage 132

Frage
A 45-year-old male of average height / weight was admitted for renal function studies with the following lab results: Urine creafinine 120 mgidL Serum creafinine 1.5 mg/dL Total urine volume in 24 hours 1 800/niL Calculate the creatinine clearance for this patient in mL/min.
Antworten
  • 100
  • 144
  • 156
  • 225

Frage 133

Frage
In the determination of bilirubin. the reagent that is reacted with bilirubin to form azobilirubin is:
Antworten
  • a. dilute sulfuric acid
  • b. diazonium sulfate
  • c. sulfobromophthalein
  • d. diazotized sulfanilic acid

Frage 134

Frage
Bile acid concentrations are useful to assess:
Antworten
  • a. diabetes mellitus
  • b. hepatobiliary disease
  • c. intestinal malabsorption
  • d. kidney function

Frage 135

Frage
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of starch to glucose and maltose?
Antworten
  • a. malate dehydrogenase (MD)
  • b. amylase (AMS)
  • c. creatine kinase (CK)
  • d. isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD)

Frage 136

Frage
A scanning of a CK isoenzyme fractionation revealed two peaks: a slow cathodic peak (CK-MM) and an intermediate peak (CK-MB). A possible interpretation for this pattern is:
Antworten
  • a. brain tumor
  • b. muscular dystrophy
  • c. myocardial infarction
  • d. viral hepatitis

Frage 137

Frage
Which of the following enzymes are used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?
Antworten
  • a. amylase and lipase
  • b. aspartate transferase and alanine transferase
  • c. 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase
  • d. aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase

Frage 138

Frage
Which of the following is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
Antworten
  • a. aldolase
  • b. phosphofructokinase
  • c. pyruvate kinase
  • d. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Frage 139

Frage
The greatest activities of serum AST and ALT are seen in:
Antworten
  • a. acute hepatitis
  • b. primary biliary cirrhosis
  • c. metastatic hepatic carcinoma
  • d. alcoholic cirrhosis

Frage 140

Frage
An electrophoretic separation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes that demonstrates an elevation in LD-1 and LD-2 in a “flipped" pattern is consistent with:
Antworten
  • a. myocardial infarction
  • b. viral hepatitis
  • c. pancreatitis
  • d. renal failure

Frage 141

Frage
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase?
Antworten
  • a. They are liver enzymes.
  • b. They are cardiac enzymes.
  • c. They catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions.
  • d. They are class III enzymes.

Frage 142

Frage
The protein portion of an enzyme complex is called the:
Antworten
  • a. apoenzyme
  • b. coenzyme
  • c. holoenzyme
  • d. proenzyme

Frage 143

Frage
The most heat labile fraction of alkaline phosphatase is obtained from:
Antworten
  • liver
  • bone
  • intestine
  • placenta

Frage 144

Frage
Refer to the following illustration: Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of the LD isoenzyme scan illustrated above?
Image:
Image (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • a. myocardial infarction
  • b. megaloblastic anemia
  • c. acute pancreatitis
  • d. viral hepatitis

Frage 145

Frage
Blood specimens for digoxin assays should be obtained between 8 hours or more after drug administration because:
Antworten
  • a. tissue and serum levels need to reach equilibrium
  • b. serum digoxin concentration will be falsely low prior to 6 hours
  • c. all of the digoxin is in the cellular fraction prior to 6 hours
  • d. digoxin protein-binding interactions are minimal prior to 6 hours

Frage 146

Frage
Bioavailability of a drug refers to the:
Antworten
  • a. availability for therapeutic administration
  • b. availability of the protein-bound fraction of the drug
  • c. drug transformation
  • d. the fraction of the drug absorbed into the systemic circulation

Frage 147

Frage
The cyclic antidepressants are classified as:
Antworten
  • a. basic drugs
  • b. neutral drugs
  • c. acidic drugs
  • d. structurally cycloparaffinic

Frage 148

Frage
Zinc protoporphyrin or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin measurements are useful to assess blood concentrations of:
Antworten
  • lead
  • mercury
  • arsenic
  • beryllium

Frage 149

Frage
Gas chromatography with a nitrogen/phosphorus detector is the most commonly used technique for analysis of:
Antworten
  • digoxin
  • acetylsalicylic acid
  • ethyl alcohol
  • cyclic antidepressants

Frage 150

Frage
The most widely employed screening technique for drug abuse is:
Antworten
  • a. high-performance liquid chromatography
  • b. gas-liquid chromatography
  • c. thin layer chromatography
  • d. UV spectrophotometry

Frage 151

Frage
Malic dehydrogenase is added to the aspartate transaminase reaction to catalyze the conversion of:
Antworten
  • a. alpha-ketoglutarate to aspartate
  • b. alpha-ketoglutarate to malate
  • c. aspartate to oxalacetate
  • d. oxalacetate to malate

Frage 152

Frage
Phenobarbital is a metabolite of:
Antworten
  • a. primidone
  • b. phenytoin
  • c. amobarbital
  • d. secobarbital

Frage 153

Frage
Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?
Antworten
  • a. nephrotic syndrome
  • b. acute hepatitis
  • c. chronic inflammation
  • d. dehydration

Frage 154

Frage
Which of the following amino acids is associated with a sulfhydryl group?
Antworten
  • cysteine
  • glycine
  • serine
  • tyrosine

Frage 155

Frage
Beriberi is associated with deficiency of:
Antworten
  • a. vitamin A
  • b. vitamin C
  • c. niacin
  • d. thiamine

Frage 156

Frage
Night blindness is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
Antworten
  • A
  • C
  • Niacin
  • thiamine

Frage 157

Frage
Scurvy is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
Antworten
  • A
  • C
  • Niacin
  • Thiamine

Frage 158

Frage
Pellagra is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
Antworten
  • A
  • B1
  • Thiamine
  • Niacin

Frage 159

Frage
Rickets is associated with deficiency of which of the following vitamins?
Antworten
  • B1
  • C
  • Niacin
  • D

Frage 160

Frage
The regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism is accomplished by which of the following glands?
Antworten
  • a. thyroid
  • b parathyroid
  • c. adrenal glands
  • d. pituitary

Frage 161

Frage
Lithium therapy is widely used in the treatment of:
Antworten
  • a. hypertension
  • b. hyperactivity
  • c. aggression
  • d. manic-depression

Frage 162

Frage
The anticonvulsant used to control tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures is:
Antworten
  • a. digoxin
  • b. acetaminophen
  • c. lithium
  • d. phenytoin

Frage 163

Frage
A drug that relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchial passages is:
Antworten
  • acetaminophen
  • lithium
  • phenytoin
  • theophylline

Frage 164

Frage
A cardiac glycoside that is used in the treatment of congenital heart failure and arrhythmias by increasing the force and velocity of myocardial contraction is:
Antworten
  • digoxin
  • acetaminophen
  • lithium
  • phenytoin

Frage 165

Frage
A carbonate salt used to control manic-depressive disorders is:
Antworten
  • digoxin
  • acetaminophen
  • lithium
  • phenytoin

Frage 166

Frage
In which of the following disease states is conjugated bilirubin a major serum component?
Antworten
  • biliary obstruction
  • hemolysis
  • neonatal jaundice
  • erythroblastosis fetalis

Frage 167

Frage
Spectrophotometers isolate a narrow band pass by means of:
Antworten
  • filters and prisms
  • prisms and grating
  • barrier layer cells and filters
  • gratings and lanier layer cells

Frage 168

Frage
Refer to the following illustration: The serum protein electrophoresis pattern shown below was obtained on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6. Identify the serum protein fraction on the far right of the illustration.
Image:
Image (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • gamma globulin
  • albumin
  • alpha-1 globulin
  • alpha-2 globulin

Frage 169

Frage
The creatinine clearance (mL/min) is equal to:
Antworten
  • urinary creatinine (mg/L)/[volume of urine (mL/ruin) x plasma creatinine (mg/L)]
  • [urinary creatinine (mg/L) x volume (mL/min)]/plasma creatinine (mg/L)
  • urinary creatinine (mg/L)/[volume of urine (mL/hour) x plasma creatinine (mg/L)]
  • [urinary creatinine (mg/L) x volume (mL/hour)]/plasma creatinine (mg/L)

Frage 170

Frage
A solution contains 20 g of solute dissolved in 0.5 L of water. What is the percentage of this solution?
Antworten
  • 2%
  • 4%
  • 6%
  • 8%

Frage 171

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the unknown concentration based on Beer’s law (A=absorbance C=concentration)?
Antworten
  • (A unknown/A standard) x C standard
  • C standard x A unknown
  • A standard x A unknown
  • (C standard)/(A standard) x I 00

Frage 172

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating absorbance given the percent transmittance (%T) of a solution?
Antworten
  • 1 – log of %%
  • log of %T/2
  • 2 x log of %T
  • 2 – log of %T

Frage 173

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the amount of moles of a chemical?
Antworten
  • g/GMW
  • g x GMW
  • GMW/g
  • (g x l00)/GMW

Frage 174

Frage
How many milliliters of a 3% solution can be made if 6 g of solute are available?
Antworten
  • 100 mL
  • 200 mL
  • 400 mL
  • 600 mL

Frage 175

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the gram equivalent weight of a chemical?
Antworten
  • a. MW x oxidation number
  • b. MW/oxidation number
  • c. MW + oxidation number
  • d. MW - oxidation number

Frage 176

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the dilution of a solution (V=volume, C=concentration)?
Antworten
  • a. V1 + C1 = V2 + C2
  • b. V1 + C2 = V2 + C1
  • c. V1 x C1 = V2 x C2
  • d. V1 x V2 = -V1 x C2

Frage 177

Frage
Which of the following is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?
Antworten
  • a. pKa = pH + log(acid/salt)
  • b. pKa = pH + log(salt/acid)
  • c. pH = pKa + log(acid/salt)
  • d. pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)

Frage 178

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating a percent (w/v) solution?
Antworten
  • a. grams of solute/volume of solvent x 100
  • b. grams of solute x volume of solvent x 100
  • c. volume of solvent/grams of solute x 100
  • d. (grams of solute x volume of solvent)/100

Frage 179

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for coefficient of variation?
Antworten
  • (standard deviation x 100)/standard error
  • (mean x 100)/standard deviation
  • (standard deviation x 100)/mean
  • (variance x 100)/mean

Frage 180

Frage
Given the following values: 100 120 150 140 130 What is the mean?
Antworten
  • a. 100
  • b. 128
  • c. 130
  • d. 640

Frage 181

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for arithmetic mean?
Antworten
  • a. square root of the sum of values
  • b. sum of values x number of values
  • c. number of values/sum of values
  • d. sum of values/number of values

Frage 182

Frage
Which of the following is the formula for calculating the molarity of a solution?
Antworten
  • a. number of moles of solute/L of solution
  • b. number of moles of solute x 100
  • c. 1 GEW of solute x 10
  • d. I GEW of solute/L of solution

Frage 183

Frage
The following results were obtained: Urine creatiinine 90 mg/100 mL Serum creatinine 0.90 mg/100 mL Patient's total body surface 1.73 m2 (average = 1.73 m2) Total urine volume in 24 hours 1500 mL Given the above data, calculate the patient's creatinine clearance in ni/mm.
Antworten
  • a. 104
  • b. 124
  • c. 144
  • d. 150

Frage 184

Frage
25 g of NaOH (MW = 40) is added to 0.5 L of water. What is the molarity of this solution if an additional 0.25 L of water is added to this solution?
Antworten
  • a. 0.25 M
  • b. 0.50 M
  • c. 0.75 M
  • d. 0.83 M

Frage 185

Frage
4 mL of water is added to 1 mL of serum. This represents which of the following serum dilutions?
Antworten
  • a. 1:3
  • b. 1:4
  • c. 1:5
  • d. 1:6

Frage 186

Frage
80 g of NaOH (MW = 40) is how many gram-equivalents?
Antworten
  • a. 1
  • b. 2
  • c. 3
  • d. 4

Frage 187

Frage
How many grams of H2S04 (MW = 98) are in 750 mL of 3 N H2SO4
Antworten
  • a. 36 g
  • b. 72 g
  • c. 110 g
  • d. 146g

Frage 188

Frage
what is the normality of a solution that contains 280 g of NaOH (MW = 40) in 2000 mL of solution?
Antworten
  • a. 3.5N
  • b. 5.5N
  • c. 7.0N
  • d. 8.0N

Frage 189

Frage
A serum potassium is 19.5 mg/l00 mL. This value is equal to how many mEq/L (MW of K=39)?
Antworten
  • a. 3.9
  • b. 4.2
  • c. 5.0
  • d. 8.9

Frage 190

Frage
How many milliliters of 0.25 N NaOH are needed to make 100 mL of a 0.05 N solution of NaOH?
Antworten
  • a. 5 mL
  • b. 10 mL
  • c. 15 mL
  • d. 20 mL

Frage 191

Frage
An arterial blood specimen submitted for blood gas analysis was obtained at 8:30 AM but was not received in the laboratory until 11:00 AM. The technologist should:
Antworten
  • a. perform the test immediately upon receipt
  • b. perform the test only if the specimen was submitted in ice water
  • c. request a venous blood specimen
  • d. request a new arterial specimen be obtained

Frage 192

Frage
A potassium level of 6.8 Eq/L is obtained. Before reporting the results, the first step the technologist should take is to:
Antworten
  • a. check the serum for hemolysis
  • b. rerun the test
  • c. check the age of the patient
  • d. do nothing, simply report the result

Frage 193

Frage
Specimens for blood gas determination should be drawn into a syringe containing:
Antworten
  • a. no preservative
  • b. heparin
  • c. EDTA
  • d. oxalate

Frage 194

Frage
A patient has the following test results: Increased serum calcium levels Decreased serum phosphorus levels Increased levels of parathyroid hormone This patient most likely has:
Antworten
  • a. hyperparathyroidism
  • b. hypoparathyroidism
  • c. nephrosis
  • d. steatorrhea

Frage 195

Frage
If the total bilirubin is 4.3 mg/dL and the conjugated bilirubin is 2.1 mg/dL, the unconjugated bilirubin is:
Antworten
  • 1.1 mg/dL
  • 2.2 mg/dL
  • 4.2 mg/dL
  • 6.3 mg/dL

Frage 196

Frage
The measurement of light scattered by particles in the sample is the principle of:
Antworten
  • a. spectrophotometry
  • b. fluorometry
  • c. nephelometry
  • d. atomic absorption

Frage 197

Frage
The measurement of the amount of electricity passing between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell is the principle of:
Antworten
  • a. electrophoresis
  • b. amperometry
  • c. nephelometry
  • d. coulometry

Frage 198

Frage
Coulometry is used to measure:
Antworten
  • a. chloride
  • b. pH
  • c. bicarbonate
  • d. ammonia

Frage 199

Frage
Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a nonfasting patient?
Antworten
  • a. cholesterol
  • b. triglyceride
  • c. HDL
  • d. LDL

Frage 200

Frage
Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:
Antworten
  • a. cholesterol
  • b. total protein
  • c. chylomicrons
  • d. albumin
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