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[blank_start]Cybernetic[blank_end] theory describes how systems maintain balance or [blank_start]homeostasis[blank_end] through self-correction.
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Which type of feedback means "more of the same"?
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Positive feedback
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Negative feedback
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In second-order change, the roles can reverse, but the underlying family structure and rules for relating stay essentially the same.
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The two components of communication are [blank_start]report[blank_end] and [blank_start]command[blank_end].
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The [blank_start]report[blank_end] component is the literal content of a communication; the [blank_start]command[blank_end] component defines the relationship the relationship between speaker and listener.
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report
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command
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command
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report
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In this type of relationship, each person is viewed and experienced as a relative equal.
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Complementary
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Symmetrical
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Double-bind
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According to a systemic therapist, many of the early arguments in a relationship serve as feedback to shape the emerging couple's homeostatic norms.
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All of these concepts characterize postmodern theory except:
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Reality is constructed through language
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Reality is negotiated through relationships
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Reality is objective
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"Truths" are constructed
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Culture creates a framework for making meaning of our lives
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[blank_start]Pathologizing[blank_end] interpersonal patterns are interactions that include the problem behavior, and tend to be [blank_start]stable[blank_end].
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Pathologizing
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Deteriorating
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stable
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transient
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The basic component of [blank_start]reframing[blank_end] is finding an alternative yet equally plausible explanation for the same set of facts.
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[blank_start]Circular[blank_end] [blank_start]questions[blank_end] are useful in that they reframe the problem for all the family members without the therapist having to verbally provide a reframe.
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In systemic-strategic therapy, directives are logical and linear solutions to a problem.
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This approach allows the therapist to view the problem's power as entirely dependent on its context, and that a problem is never as insurmountable as it appears.
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Maneuverability
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Neutrality
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Irreverence
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The order of an interactional sequence is as follows: [blank_start]homeostasis[blank_end], [blank_start]start of tension[blank_end], [blank_start]escalation and symptom[blank_end], and [blank_start]return to homeostasis[blank_end].
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homeostasis
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start of tension
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start of tension
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escalation and symptom
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escalation and symptom
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start of tension
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return to homeostasis
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homeostasis
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In Milan therapy, this usually defines the role of the symptom in maintaining the family's homeostasis.
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Hypothesis
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Interactional patterns
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Maneuverability
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Positive connotation
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This therapeutic intervention aims to end inappropriate coalitions between a parent and child, therefore creating a clearer boundary between generations:
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Symptom prescription is a type of:
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In first-order change, rules that govern the system fundamentally shift.
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[blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] refers to a person's ability to separate intrapersonal and interpersonal distress.
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A person who is highly differentiated is able to separate [blank_start]thoughts[blank_end] from feelings and self from [blank_start]others[blank_end].
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An important task of a Bowen intergenerational therapist is to model differentiation.
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A/An [blank_start]undifferentiated[blank_end] family is emotionally fused.
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undifferentiated
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differentiated
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This is a process in which a dyad draws in a third person, thing, topic, or activity to stabilize the primary dyad, primarily to alleviate tension:
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Family projection
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Triangle
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Emotional cutoff
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Differentiation
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The higher a person's level of differentiation, the [blank_start]less[blank_end] likely they are to be in an emotional cutoff.
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This involves automatic physical and emotional reactions that are not mediated through conscious, logical processes, and a goal of Bowen intergenerational therapy is to decrease the emotional reactivity associated with it:
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The four communication stances in Virginia Satir's model are: placator, [blank_start]blamer[blank_end], superreasonable, and [blank_start]irrelevent[blank_end].
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Each communication stance acknowledges or minimizes the [blank_start]self[blank_end], [blank_start]other[blank_end], and [blank_start]context[blank_end].
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Because people who are [blank_start]placators[blank_end] have people-pleasing tendencies, [blank_start]less[blank_end] directive therapy methods such as multiple-choice questions are recommended so they are required to voice their opinion.
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placators
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irrelevent
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less
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more
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A common therapy goal for a person with this communication stance is to increase their awareness of others' thoughts and feelings and to help them learn how to communicate their perspectives in a more respectful way:
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Superreasonable
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Placator
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Blamer
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Irrelevent
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The therapy goal for someone with this communication stance is to help them value the internal, subjective realities of themselves and others"
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Blamer
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Placator
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Irrelevent
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Superreasonable
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For individuals with this communication stance, there is no consistent grounding in self, other, or context:
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Superreasonable
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Congruent
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Placator
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Irrelevent
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The essence of the [blank_start]family[blank_end] [blank_start]sculpting[blank_end] intervention is to give a nonverbal, symbolic depiction of the family process from each person's perspective.
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These capture the initial reactions to a given situation, which usually represent attachment fears and needs:
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Secondary emotions
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Primary emotions
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Feelings like abandonment and inadequacy are classified as:
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Primary emotions
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Secondary emotions
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[blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] emotions are what people initially present in therapy and are the only emotions of which many are conscious.
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Feelings like anger and frustration are examples of:
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Primary emotions
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Secondary emotions
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This is a specific type of betrayal, abandonment, or violation of trust in a couple's relationship:
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In Emotionally Focused Therapy, the [blank_start]negative[blank_end] [blank_start]interaction[blank_end] [blank_start]cycle[blank_end] is always framed as the couple's common enemy.
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negative
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interaction
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cycle
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This EFT technique occurs whens a previously blaming, critical partner asks a newly accessible partner to meet his or her attachment needs and longings:
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Enactment
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Softening
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Restructuring
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Choreography
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[blank_start]Homeostasis[blank_end] refers to a family's unique set of behavioral, emotional, and interactional norms that create stability.
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In this type of feedback, behaviors escalate and leads to a new homeostasis.
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Negative feedback
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Positive feedback
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[blank_start]First-order change[blank_end] refers to when the system returns to its previous homeostasis after positive feedback.
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First-order change
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Second-order change
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[blank_start]Second-order change[blank_end] is when a system restructures its homeostasis in response to positive feedback, thus creating a new norm.
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By directly discussing this metacommunication aspect, a couple can clarify relational issues and move on to quickly resolve this aspect:
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Report; Command
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Command; Report
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In a [blank_start]double-bind[blank_end] communication, a message is given that contains two contradictory injunctions (requests or orders).
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In these types of relationships, each person has a distinct role that balances the other, often resulting in a form of hierarchy:
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Symmetrical
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Egalitarian
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Complementary
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According to a systemic therapist, all behavior makes sense in the context in which it is expressed, except for nonsensical communication (i.e., catatonia in someone with schizophrenia).
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A culture's [blank_start]reflexivity[blank_end] refers to its ability to examine its effects on others and to question and doubt its values and meanings. A culture high in [blank_start]reflexivity[blank_end] is high in [blank_start]humanity[blank_end].
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reflexivity
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reflexivity
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humanity
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The "IP" in IPscope stands for:
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Intrapersonal patterns
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Intrapersonal pathology
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Interpersonal patterns
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Individual psychology
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A domineering/submitting pattern is an example of a:
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Pathologizing interpersonal pattern (PIP)
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PIP related to DSM diagnoses
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Deteriorating interpersonal pattern
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PIP with power difference
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[blank_start]Healing[blank_end] interpersonal patterns are interactions that promote relational healing, such as forgiveness, and tend to be more [blank_start]transient[blank_end] than [blank_start]stable[blank_end].