17673999
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Quiz von Marina Martins, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Marina Martins
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a reason for heart failure occurring?
Antworten
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmias
-
Diastolic Heart Failure
-
Hypertrophy
Frage 2
Frage
Coronary vascular disease can be attributed to which main cause of heart failure?
Antworten
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic Failure
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following cardiovascular diseases primarily result in volume overload?
Antworten
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
-
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
-
Pericardial Effusion
Frage 4
Frage
Mitral insufficiency can result in which main cause of heart failure?
Antworten
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic Failure
-
Pressure Overload
Frage 5
Frage
Pulmonic and aortic stenosis can lead to which main cause of heart failure?
Antworten
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Volume Overload
-
Pump Failure
-
Diastolic Failure
Frage 6
Frage
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion can result in which main cause of heart failure
Antworten
-
Diastolic failure
-
Arrhythmia
-
Pump Failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following diseases results in BOTH diastolic failure and pump failure?
Antworten
-
Pericardial effusion
-
Dilated cardiomyopathy
-
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-
Coronary vascular disease
-
Chronic Anaemia
Frage 8
Frage
Which of the following adaptive responses works to decrease the volume in circulation?
Antworten
-
Angiontensin II
-
ADH
-
Natriuretic peptides
-
Aldosterone
Frage 9
Frage
A drop in cardiac output results in a
Antworten
-
a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity
-
an increase in parasympathetic activity and a decrease in sympathetic activity
-
a decrease in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
-
an increase in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a trait of norepinephrine?
Antworten
-
positive chronotrope
-
positive inotrope
-
vasoconstriction
-
negative luisitrope
Frage 11
Frage
The release of which of the following will increase circulating fluid volume WITHOUT increasing the sodium concentration?
Antworten
-
Angiontensin II
-
ADH
-
Aldosterone
-
Natriuretic peptides
Frage 12
Frage
Increased levels of which of the following is seen as major a "biomarker" of heart failure?
Antworten
-
Prostaglandins
-
ADH
-
Natruiretic peptides
-
Intracellular calcium
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following would result in concentric hypertrophy?
Antworten
-
Aortic stenosis
-
Mitral regurgitation
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
-
Arrhythmia
Frage 14
Frage
Which of the following results in eccentric hypertrophy?
Antworten
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic failure
Frage 15
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of disturbing the Starling equilibrium?
Antworten
-
Venous occlusion
-
Vasculitis
-
Hyperproteinaemia
-
Lymphoedema
Frage 16
Frage
Forward heart failure is
Antworten
-
Inadequate output at normal pressures
-
Adequate output at abnormal pressures
-
inadequate output at abnormal pressures
Frage 17
Frage
What is the correct order of a physical exam of the cardiovascular system?
Antworten
-
observation > palpation > percussion > auscultation
-
observation > percussion > palpation > auscultation
-
observation > percussion > auscultation > palpation
-
observation > auscultation > palpation > percussion
Frage 18
Frage
Tissue perfusion can be estimated via
Antworten
-
mucous membrane color
-
capillary refill time
-
palpating the precordium
-
respiratory rate
Frage 19
Frage
Which is not an artery site to check for a pulse in a horse?
Antworten
-
Facial artery
-
Transverse Facial artery
-
Median Artery
-
Digital Artery
-
Coccygeal artery
Frage 20
Frage
Percussion is used to detect
Antworten
-
the apex beat
-
pulse intensity
-
areas of dullness
-
venous congestion
Frage 21
Frage
The apex of the heart can be auscultated on the
Antworten
-
caudal, left side
-
cranial, left side
-
caudal, right side
-
cranial, right side
Frage 22
Frage
This is the left hand side of a horse. Label what you would auscultate at each site.
Antworten
-
pulmonic
-
aortic
-
mitral
-
apex beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
Frage 23
Frage
When would you hear a murmur due to mitral insufficiency?
Antworten
-
systole
-
diastole
Frage 24
Frage
When would you hear a systolic murmur, if a heart beat is described as "lub-dub"?
Antworten
-
Between lub and dub
-
After the dub
-
Both between the lub and dub, and after the dub
Frage 25
Frage
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the apex of the left side. This suggests
Antworten
-
mitral insufficiency
-
tricuspid insufficiency
-
ventricular septal defect
-
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
-
mitral stenosis
-
aortic/pulmonic insufficiency
Frage 26
Frage
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the base of the left side. This suggests
Antworten
-
Mitral Insufficiency
-
Tricuspid Insufficiency
-
Aortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency
-
Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
-
Ventricular Septal Defect
-
Mitral Stenosis
Frage 27
Frage
What type of murmur would suggest pulmonic insufficiency?
Antworten
-
A diastolic murmur at the base of the left side
-
A systolic murmur at the base of the left side
-
A systolic murmur at the cranial border
-
A diastole murmur at the apex of the left side
-
A diastolic murmur at the cranial aspect of the right side
Frage 28
Frage
On auscultation, you hear a heart murmur that is louder than S1 and S2 but you cannot palpate any precordial thrill. How would you grade this murmur?
Antworten
-
Grade 1
-
Grade 2
-
Grade 3
-
Grade 4
-
Grade 5
-
Grade 6
Frage 29
Frage
At what grade would you possibly hear a heart murmur radiate in a particular direction?
Antworten
-
Grade 1
-
Grade 2
-
Grade 3
-
Grade 4
-
Grade 5
-
Grade 6
Frage 30
Frage
What type of murmur can radiate dorsally?
Antworten
-
Aortic
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
Frage 31
Frage
A gallop sound during auscultation suggests
Antworten
-
poor systolic contraction of the ventricle
-
poor diastolic relaxation of the ventricle
-
a mitral murmur
-
an aortic murmur
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
Antworten
-
Furosemide
-
Spironolactone
-
Chlorothiazide
-
Amiloride
Frage 33
Frage
Which of the following could NOT be used to correct increased preload?
Antworten
-
Furosemide
-
ACE Inhibitor
-
Pimobendan
-
Digoxin
Frage 34
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a risk of diuresis?
Antworten
-
Hypovolaemia
-
Hypertension
-
RAAS Stimulation
-
Electrolyte disturbance
Frage 35
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a balanced vasodilator?
Antworten
-
Glyceryl trinitrate
-
ACE inhibitor
-
Pimobendan
-
Nitroprusside
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following would reduce the regurgitation associated with mitral insufficiency?
Antworten
-
glyceryl trinitrate
-
furosemide
-
spironolactone
-
pimobendan
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following would indicate the use of digoxin?
Antworten
-
Atrial fibrillation
-
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-
Mitral insufficiency
-
Aortic stenosis
Frage 38
Frage
What would an aortic "flow" murmur sound on auscultation?
Antworten
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
-
decrescendo after S2
-
plateau between S1 and S2
-
plateau between S2 and S3
Frage 39
Frage
Which is FALSE regarding aortic flow murmurs?
Antworten
-
relatively rare
-
usually below grade 3
-
only has local radiation
-
often seen in fit horses
Frage 40
Frage
What would a functional mitral valve regurgitation sound like?
Antworten
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
-
plateau between S1 and S2
-
decrescendo after S2
-
crescendo after S2
Frage 41
Frage
What is the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of pathological mitral regurgitation?
Antworten
-
left 3rd intercostal space
-
left 4th intercostal space
-
left 5th intercostal space
-
left 6th intercostal space
Frage 42
Frage
What type of pathological regurgitation is plateau-shaped, radiates craniodorsally and has a PMI at the right 4th intercostal space?
Antworten
-
Aortic regurgitation
-
Mitral regurgitation
-
Tricuspid regurgitation
-
Pulmonary regurgitation
Frage 43
Frage
What shape does an pathological aortic regurgitation murmur have?
Antworten
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1-S2
-
plateau between S1-S2
-
decrescendo between S1-S2
-
decrescendo after S2
Frage 44
Frage
A bounding or "hyperkinetic" arterial pulse is a sign of significant heart disease in
Antworten
-
mitral regurgitation
-
tricuspid regurgitation
-
aortic regurgitation
Frage 45
Frage
What is the most common form of valve pathology?
Antworten
-
Endocardiosis
-
Valve prolapse
-
Ruptured chordae tendineae
-
Bacterial endocarditis
Frage 46
Frage
Ruptured chordae tendinae is more common with the
Antworten
-
aortic valve
-
mitral valve
-
pulmonary valve
-
tricuspid valve
Frage 47
Frage
Which of the following often can cause sudden death or acute cardiac failure?
Antworten
-
valve prolapse
-
ruptured chordae tendineae
-
changes in ventricular size
-
hypovoaemia
Frage 48
Frage
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect in large animals?
Antworten
-
ventricular septal defect
-
patent ductus arteriosus
-
valve dysplasia
Frage 49
Frage
Ventricular septal defects are in the [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] part of the septum.
Antworten
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
cranial
-
caudal
Frage 50
Frage
The intensity of a murmur associated with a ventricular septal defect is [blank_start]inversely[blank_end] proportional to the size of the defect.
Antworten
-
inversely
-
directly
Frage 51
Frage
With ventricular septal defects, a [blank_start]RHS[blank_end] murmur is associated with a [blank_start]LV to RV[blank_end] shunt.
Antworten
-
RHS
-
LHS
-
LV to RV
-
RV to LV
Frage 52
Frage
With ventricular septal defects, a LHS murmur is associated with a
Antworten
-
functional pulmonic stenosis
-
functional aortic stenosis
-
degenerative pulmonic stenosis
-
degenerative aortic stenosis
Frage 53
Frage
For VSD murmurs, a left hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]crescendo-decrescendo[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Antworten
-
crescendo-decrescendo
-
plateau
-
decrescendo
-
crescendo
-
3-6
-
less than 3
Frage 54
Frage
For VSD murmurs, a right hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]plateau[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Antworten
-
plateau
-
crescendo-decrescendo
-
crescendo
-
decrescendo
-
3-6
-
less than 3
Frage 55
Frage
Lymphosarcoma in cattle can result from
Antworten
-
Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV)
-
BVDV
-
Leptospira spp.
-
Bovine Herpes Virus 1
Frage 56
Frage
Which is FALSE regarding pericardial effusions in horses?
Antworten
-
They tend to be idiopathic
-
In cases of pericarditis, they tend to develop fibrinous effusions
-
EVA can develop into pericarditis
-
Prognosis tends to be poor even with treatment
Frage 57
Frage
Bacterial endocarditis mainly affects which area of the heart in ruminants?
Antworten
-
Tricuspid
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
-
Aortic
-
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
-
Mitral and Aortic
Frage 58
Frage
Bacterial endocarditis usually affects which area of the heart in horses?
Antworten
-
Tricuspid and pulmonic
-
Tricuspid
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
-
Aortic
-
Mitral and Aortic
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following develops secondary to pulmonary hypertension?
Antworten
-
cor pulmonale
-
bacterial endocarditis
-
ruptured chordae tendineae
-
mitral valve disease
Frage 60
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a sign of right-sided heart failure?
Antworten
-
subcutaneous oedema
-
jugular venous distension
-
dyspnoea
-
tachypnoea
-
pulmonary oedema
-
tachycardia
Frage 61
Frage
Which of the following diseases is associated with catheters in horses?
Antworten
-
Thrombophlebitis
-
Cor pulmonale
-
Bacterial endocarditis
-
Lymphosarcoma
Frage 62
Frage
Where does exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage originate?
Antworten
-
caudodorsal lung lobes
-
craniodorsal lung lobes
-
caudoventral lung lobes
-
cranioventral lung lobes
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