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Quiz von Marina Martins, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Marina Martins
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following causes bronchodilation of the smooth muscle in a dog's airway?
Antworten
-
Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors 1 and 3
-
Beta-2 antagonists
-
Adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine to bind to beta-2 receptors
-
Cholinergic agonists
Frage 2
Frage
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the cough reflex?
Antworten
-
It involves enkephalins and endoprhins binding to opioid receptors in the cough center
-
Activation of irritant receptors stimulates the phrenic nerve.
-
The cough centre is in the brain steam.
-
There is no differentiation between pathogens or dust binding to irritant receptors in the respiratory tract.
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a opioid receptor agonist?
Antworten
-
Butorphanol
-
Codeine
-
Methadone
-
Acepromazine
Frage 4
Frage
Which of the following are NOT resident cells in the respiratory tract?
Antworten
-
Alveolar macrophages
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Lymphocytes
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Mast cells
-
Neutrophils
Frage 5
Frage
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the lower respiratory airways?
Antworten
-
IgA
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgE
Frage 6
Frage
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the upper respiratory airways?
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgA
-
IgM
-
IgE
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following cough characteristics is more typical of an lower airway issue?
Antworten
-
soft, muted, productive
-
harsh, loud non-productive
-
swallowing after coughing
-
harsh, loud, productive
-
soft, muted, non-productive
Frage 8
Frage
A harsh, non-productive cough is indicative of a problem in the
Antworten
-
lower respiratory tract
-
upper respiratory tract
Frage 9
Frage
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult horses?
Antworten
-
8-15
-
10-30
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25-35
-
24-42
-
20-40
-
30-60
Frage 10
Frage
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult cows, sheep and pigs?
Antworten
-
8-15
-
10-30
-
25-35
-
20-40
-
24-42
-
30-60
Frage 11
Frage
What is the normal respiratory rate for foals and calves?
Antworten
-
8-15
-
10-30
-
25-35
-
20-40
-
24-42
-
30-60
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following would not cause inspiratory distress?
Antworten
-
Laryngeal hemiplegia
-
pleural effusion
-
soft palate disorder
-
Recurrent airway obstruction
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following would cause BOTH inspiratory and expiratory distress?
Antworten
-
tracheal collapse
-
farmer's disease
-
pleural effusion
-
extrathoracic intraluminal mass
Frage 14
Frage
Orthopnoea refers to
Antworten
-
difficult breathing while recumbent
-
respiratory distress
-
a decreased respiratory rate
-
communication between oral and nasal cavities
Frage 15
Frage
Unilateral nasal discharge tends to originate in
Antworten
-
structures rostral to the caudal end of the nasal septum
-
caudal structures in the nasal septum
-
the oropharynx
-
trachea
Frage 16
Frage
Food or milk in the nasal discharge can be indicative of
Antworten
-
dysphagia
-
epistaxis
-
haemoptysis
-
orthopnoea
Frage 17
Frage
The presence of blood at the external nares is known as
Antworten
-
haemoptysis
-
epistaxis
-
dysphagia
-
orthopnoea
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following is TRUE regarding cyanosis?
Antworten
-
Is is only evident if hemoglobin levels are abnormal
-
often seen with anaemia
-
it only causes blue discolouration of the mucous membrane
-
it occurs due to poor peripheral perfusion
Frage 19
Frage
In horses, breathing and stride rate are independent when trotting.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
Frage
An owner notices their horse has very loud, intense respiratory sound at gallop whenever its limbs are extending. This suggests
Antworten
-
inspiratory stridor
-
expiratory stridor
-
epistaxis
-
orthopnoea
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following is most indicative of infected sinuses?
Antworten
-
asymmetrical facial symmetry
-
epistaxis
-
orthopnoea
-
nasal discharge
Frage 22
Frage
Which of the following is NOT an important point of auscultation in ruminants?
Antworten
-
6th intercostal space
-
3rd intercostal space
-
9th intercostal space
-
11th intercostal space
Frage 23
Frage
Hearing crackles when auscultating small animals indicates
Antworten
-
issues with the upper respiratory tract
-
issues with small airways and alveoli
-
partial obstruction of larger airways
-
possible pleural effusion
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following diagnostic techniques uses general anaesthesia?
Antworten
-
transtracheal aspirate
-
endoscopically-guided tracheal aspirate
-
thoracocentesis
-
trans-tracheal wash
Frage 25
Frage
Trans-tracheal washes involves direct access to a patient's airway via
Antworten
-
puncture of cricothyroid ligament
-
puncture of thyrohyoid membrane
-
ET tube placed down oral cavity
-
puncture between first and second tracheal rings
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following diagnostics allows characterisation of pleural effusion?
Antworten
-
thoracocentesis
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
-
trans-tracheal wash
-
lung aspiration
Frage 27
Frage
You suspect a horse has recurrent airway obstruction but its owner is low on funds. Which of the following diagnostics would you therefore suggest to confirm RAO?
Antworten
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
-
thoracocentesis
-
lung aspirate
-
nasopharyngeal swab
Frage 28
Frage
Which of the following imaging is most useful for characterising pleural effusion?
Antworten
-
Thoracic ultrasonography
-
Thoracic CT scan
-
Thoracic radiography
Frage 29
Frage
The mucociliary escalator extends from
Antworten
-
terminal bronchioles to the larynx
-
alveoli to the pharynx
-
bronchioles to the trachea
-
bronchioles to nasal cavity
Frage 30
Frage
Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth is known as
Antworten
-
primary atelectasis
-
secondary atelectasis
-
emphyesma
-
orthopnoea
Frage 31
Frage
A tumor in the pleural cavity outside the lung compresses the lung and causes it to partially collapse. This is
Antworten
-
primary atelectasis
-
secondary atelectasis
-
emphysema
-
anthracosis
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following can cause this type of lung pathology?
Antworten
-
emphysema
-
hydrothorax
-
primary atelectasis
-
pulmonary oedema
Frage 33
Frage
What type of emphysema does recurrent airway disease cause in horses?
Antworten
-
alveolar
-
interstitial
-
compensatory
Frage 34
Frage
What is the difference between hyperaemia and congestion?
Antworten
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but increased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is increased. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves decreased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
Frage 35
Frage
In aspirational pneunoma, the hyperaemia typically affects which lung lobes?
Antworten
-
caudodorsal
-
cranioventral
-
caudoventral
-
craniodorsal
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that prevents pulmonary oedema?
Antworten
-
tight junctions between alveolar epithelium
-
intra-alveolar pressure being greater than interstitial pressure
-
lymphatic drainage
-
hydrostatic pressure
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following is unlikely to cause pulmonary oedema?
Antworten
-
left-sided heart failure
-
right-sided heart failure
-
acute brain damage
-
excessive fluid therapy
Frage 38
Frage
Pneumonia can be classified based on location. Label the following image with the most likely type of pnuemonia to cause the pathology pattern.
Antworten
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
Frage 39
Frage
Which of the following is a possible sequel of persistent bronchopneumonia?
Antworten
-
bronchiectasis
-
melanosis
-
alveolar emphysema
-
secondary atelectasis
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following animals would you be more likely to see lobar pneumonia?
Antworten
-
cattle
-
sheep
-
horses
-
dogs
Frage 41
Frage
Interstitial pneumonia often involves "cuffing" or proliferation of what type of cell around airways?
Antworten
-
lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
macrophages
-
eosinophils
-
mast cells
Frage 42
Frage
Paraquat is a pneumotoxin and cause what type of pneumonia in small animals?
Antworten
-
interstitial
-
suppurative
-
fibrinous
-
embolic
-
granulomatous
Frage 43
Frage
What type of pneumonia is often secondary to endocarditis?
Antworten
-
Embolic
-
Granulomatous
-
Fibrinous
-
Interstitial
-
Suppurative
Frage 44
Frage
Tuberculosis can cause what type of pneumonia?
Antworten
-
granulomatous
-
embolic
-
interstitial
-
fibrinous
-
suppurative
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