A company's constitution makes the arrangements needed to manage the company's business through vesting power to act for the company in 2 bodies: [blank_start]directors[blank_end] (control over management) and [blank_start]shareholders[blank_end] (background ownership control).
NOTE: write the bodies in PLURAL.
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directors
shareholders
Frage 2
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Directors tend to have more significant autonomy in companies where shareholders are large in number.
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True
False
Frage 3
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Which of the followings is the source of the directors' powers?
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Constitution
Shareholders
Companies Act 2006
Frage 4
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Directors may be trustees of those funds of the company which are under their control.
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True
False
Frage 5
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What requirement has to be fulfilled for directors to act informally?
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The company is private
Directors are unanimous
Act for the benefit of the shareholders as a whole
Frage 6
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After CA 2006, all companies are still required to have a memorandum of association.
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Yes
No
Frage 7
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Companies must appoint at least 1 director.
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True
False
Frage 8
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Which one of the following is NOT a power exercisable by passing a resolution of the shareholders?
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Change the constitution's name
Put the company into voluntary liquidation
Increase the company's share capital
Authorize a reduction of capital
Authorizing a private company to enter into a credit transaction with one of its directors
Frage 9
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What do shareholders of a public company require in order to exercise their powers?
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Pass a resolution at a duly convened meeting or through a written resolution passed in accordance with the provisions set out in CA2006.
Pass a special resolution at a duly convened meeting or by unanimity in an informal process
Pass a resolution at a duly convened meeting.
Pass a written resolution following the procedures established in the company's constitution.
Frage 10
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Shareholders' equitable duty. The burden of proof when there is an alleged breached of this duty is on the Defendant.
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True
False
Frage 11
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Courts seem to be reluctant to find a breach of the shareholders' equitable duty, especially when concerning "business judgment". In fact, this duty is likely to be satisfied if at least one of the followings applies:
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The majority honestly believes that an alteration is for the benefit of the company.
The alteration does not, in any case, discriminate between majority and minority shareholders.
The alteration does not give enhanced voting rights to a particular class of shareholders.
Frage 12
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A company's constitution cannot be supplemented by:
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Constructional implied terms
Terms derived from extrinsic circumstances
Shareholders' agreements
Frage 13
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When a class right is varied, the minority of this class can appeal to the Court if they constitute at least ... of the total shares of that class.
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5%
10%
15%
20%
Frage 14
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The ability to alter a company's articles is limited in several ways. Which one of the following is NOT a valid limitation?
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The ability to alter the articles is limited by the Companies Act 2006.
An alteration will not be valid if it is not exercised bona fide for the benefit of the company as a whole.
The company cannot insert provisions into the articles that have the effect of making it more difficult to alter the articles.
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For this case, think always of general rules. If it's not stated = does not exist/do not need to consider it.
Gerard ltd is a trading company. A and B (both directors) attend a duly convened meeting and decide to nominate a new director, which is later appointed through an ordinary resolution by the shareholders. However, C (the 3rd director) claims he is against such decision and claims an injunction to the court. What is it likely to happen?
Tema 2.- El Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid: Estructura y contenido. Las competencias de la Comunidad de Madrid: Potestad legislativa, potestad reglamentaria y función ejecutiva. La Asamblea de Madrid: Composición, Elección y funciones.