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182. Which of the following definitions refers to osmotic pressure?
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a) the pressure exerted by the solute particles on a semipermeable membrane, due to their thermal motion;
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b) the pressure exerted on a semipermeable membrane from the solvent particles, due to their thermalmotion;
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c) the pressure that proteins of blood plasma apply onto the walls of capillaries.
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183. What is the necessary condition for ion diffusion across a semipermeable membrane?
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a) energy supplied from ATP molecules;
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b) concentration gradient across the membrane;
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c) electrical gradient across the membrane.
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184. When placed in the following type of solution, cells will retain water and will inflate:
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a) isotonic solution;
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b) hypotonic solution;
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c) hypertonic solution.
Frage 4
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This scientist have contributed to the laws of diffusion:
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a) Paul Dirac;
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b) Adolf Fick;
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c) Fridtj of Nansen.
Frage 5
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When placed in the following type of solution, cells will lose water and will shrink:
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a) isotonic solution;
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b) hypotonic solution;
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c) hypertonic solution.
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Which of the following is a necessary condition for stopping osmosis?
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a) when the pressure of the solute molecules on the semipermeable membrane is equal to the pressure exerted by the water molecules on the other side of the membrane;
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b) when the pressure from the protein molecules on the semipermeable membrane is equal to the pressure exerted by the water molecules on the other side of the membrane;
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c) when the pressure on the membrane from the small solute molecules in the intracellular space is equal to the pressure from the protein molecules.
Frage 7
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188. What type of membrane transport is the osmosis:
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a) active;
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b) passive;
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c) facilitated.
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189. Vasogenic cerebral edema is characterized by:
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a) inflation of the extracellular spaces;
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b) inflation of the intracellular spaces;
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c) vasodilation of cerebral vessels.
Frage 9
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190. The isotonic factor of Van’t Hoff for non-electrolytes is:
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a) 0;
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b) 1;
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c) 2
Frage 10
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191. Which of the following is a necessary condition for osmosis?
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a) a non-permeable membrane;
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b) a semi-permeable membrane;
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c) ATP energy source.
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192. For a given temperature, solutions with equal concentrations will have equal osmotic pressure.
These solutions are called:
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a) isotonic;
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b) hypertonic;
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c) hypotonic
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193. Relative to the blood, physiological solution with 0.9% of NaCl is:
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a) hypertonic;
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b) isotonic;
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c) hypotonic.
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194. Which of the following factors do not have an effect on osmotic pressure?
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a) the concentration of solutes;
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b) the type of solutes;
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c) the temperature of solutes.
Frage 14
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195. Cytotoxic cerebral edema is characterised by:
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a) inflation of the extracellular spaces;
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b) inflation of the intracellular spaces;
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c) loss of water.
Frage 15
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196. Passive membrane transport of uncharged particles is driven by:
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a) electrical gradient
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b) concentration gradient
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c) temperature gradient
Frage 16
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197. Osmosis is defined as:
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a) an active transport of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from area of low concentration into area of high concentration;
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b) a passive transport of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane from area of higher concentration into an area of lower concentration;
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c) an active transport of solute molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration into an area of high concentration.
Frage 17
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198. The following equation describes:
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a) Fick’s law of diffusion;
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b) Van’t Hoff law of osmosis;
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c) Nernst equation.
Frage 18
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199. The directed motion of solute particles, leading to equalization of concentrations across a
permeable membrane, without the use of external forces is:
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a) osmosis;
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b) diffusion;
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c) reabsorption
Frage 19
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200. What cause the end of net ion diffusion across the membrane?
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a) equalisation of ion concentrations on both sides of the membrane;
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b) heating up of the less concentrated solution;
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c) engaging of membrane co-transport.
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201. What are the two types of membrane transport according to the energy requirements?
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a) diffusion and osmoses;
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b) passive transport an facilitated diffusion;
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c) passive and active transport.
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202. Which of the following membrane transports is NOT passive?
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a) aquaporins;
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b) ion channels;
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c) ion pumps.
Frage 22
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Osmosis across semipermeable membrane occurs due to:
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a) difference in hydrostatic pressure;
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b) different concentrations of solute;
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c) different volume of solvent.
Frage 23
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Transport across the cellular membrane without direct use of metabolic energy is called:
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a) passive transport;
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b) active transport;
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c) secondary active transport
Frage 24
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Higher (than normal) intracellular concentration of Na+ will lead to:
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a) water moving into the cell;
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b) water moving out of the cell;
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c) potassium moving into the cell.
Frage 25
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Which of the following equations refers to Osmotic pressure (per Van’t Hoff):
Where: C-concentration, R-gas constant, T-temperature, V-volume, M-mass.
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a) π = CTV;
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b) π = MTV;
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c) π = CRT.
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