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General IBS Quiz

Beschreibung

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Quiz von . ., aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von . . vor fast 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What is the enzyme that catalyses the reversible reaction that converts Glucose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate?
Antworten
  • Phosphofructokinase
  • Phosphoglucose isomerase
  • Aldolase
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Frage 2

Frage
What is the function of exonuclease?
Antworten
  • Removal of RNA primers
  • Removal of DNA primers
  • Stitching together of Okazaki fragments
  • Joining adjacent nucleotides together

Frage 3

Frage
What direction does the coding strand run in?
Antworten
  • 5' to 3'
  • 3' to 5'

Frage 4

Frage
What direction does the template strand run in?
Antworten
  • 3' to 5'
  • 5' to 3'

Frage 5

Frage
What is the function of Gyrase?
Antworten
  • Prevent DNA supercoiling
  • Add DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands at the end of chromosomes
  • Unwind the DNA strand
  • Remove RNA primers

Frage 6

Frage
RNA contains the bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
snRNA forms part of a complex with proteins (snRNPs) which aid in the formation of the spliceosome that is involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 8

Frage
What post-transcriptional modifications are added to mRNA?
Antworten
  • 5' methyl-guanosine cap
  • 3' poly A tail
  • 5' methyl-adenosine tail
  • 3' mono A tail

Frage 9

Frage
What codon signals the start of translation of a protein?
Antworten
  • AUG
  • ATG
  • TAC
  • UAA

Frage 10

Frage
Why is the triplet code known as degenerate?
Antworten
  • More than one codon codes for one amino acid
  • Codons can become mutated
  • Codons are read three bases at a time

Frage 11

Frage
Where does DNA replication, transcription and splicing occur?
Antworten
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Extracellular Matrix

Frage 12

Frage
An open reading frame is a section of RNA with a small number of codons that results in a truncated, non-functional protein.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
What is the enzyme responsible for charging tRNA with amino acids?
Antworten
  • Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase
  • Peptidyl Transferase
  • Signal Peptidase
  • Phosphotransferase

Frage 14

Frage
Most mutations are only detrimental to a protein if they occur in the exons; the coding regions of DNA.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, what does this mean?
Antworten
  • They possess two properties in a single structure
  • They can form bilayer sheets
  • They are highly hydrophobic molecules
  • They can form micelle structures

Frage 16

Frage
Phase transition occurs at a lower temperature in plasma membranes that have shorter, more unsaturated fatty acid tails.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 17

Frage
Where does phospholipid synthesis occur?
Antworten
  • Outer cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Outer cytosolic leaflet of the golgi apparatus
  • Inner cytosolic leaflet of the golgi apparatus
  • Inner cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum

Frage 18

Frage
What is the function of scramblase in the formation of new plasma membrane?
Antworten
  • Catalysing the 'flip-flop' mechanism that distributes phospholipids between the outer cytosolic and inner cytosolic portions of the plasma membrane
  • Catalysing the fusion of the newly synthesised portion of the plasma membrane to the existing plasma membrane
  • Catalysing vesicle release from the endoplasmic reticulum after the newly synthesised portion of the plasma membrane is produced

Frage 19

Frage
What are the three subtypes of phospholipid?
Antworten
  • Phosphotidylcholine
  • Phosphotidylethanolamine
  • Phosphotidylserine
  • Phosphotidylvaline
  • Phosphotidylethylamine
  • Phosphotidyladenosine

Frage 20

Frage
The function of the enzyme Flippase is to aid fusion of the newly synthesised plasma membrane with the current plasma membrane.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Glycosylation is the process by which a triglyceride side chain is added to a protein, such as when glycoproteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
Transmembrane proteins contain which of the following components that enable them to become embedded in membranes?
Antworten
  • Signal sequence
  • Stop-transfer sequence
  • Embed sequence
  • Translocate sequence

Frage 23

Frage
Recognition of the stop-transfer sequence in a transmembrane protein causes what to happen?
Antworten
  • The transmembrane protein to travel across the membrane
  • The transmembrane protein to become embedded in the membrane
  • The transmembrane protein to be removed by enzymatic digestion

Frage 24

Frage
Steroid and Thyroid hormones can travel across the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane due to what property?
Antworten
  • Lipophilic
  • Hydrophilic

Frage 25

Frage
Lipophilic hormones such as Testosterone (steroid hormone) can only exhibit its function if :
Antworten
  • A special transporter protein that enables testosterone transport across the membrane is present
  • The receptor that testosterone binds to in order to act as a transcriptional factor is not faulty
  • The enzyme that catalyses testosterone transport is not denatured

Frage 26

Frage
Due to adrenaline's lipophobic nature, how can it cause intracellular effects?
Antworten
  • It acts on a receptor on the external cell surface, causing the alpha sub-unit of the heterotrimeric complex to activate and go on to activate adenylyl cyclase. This enzyme produces cAMP that participates in further cascade reactions in order to produce adrenalines required effect - glucose release.
  • A special accomodating channel protein (AACT) allows adrenaline and other catecholamines to be transported across lipophilic membranes and produce their effects intracellularly, without altering osmolarity.

Frage 27

Frage
Wnt is another lipophobic hormone. It activates the destruction complex which destroys beta-catenin and then allows activation of transcriptional factors to promote transcription.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
How many layers does pseudostratified epithelium contain?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Frage 29

Frage
What is the appearance of stratified columnar epithelium?
Antworten
  • One layer thick
  • Multiple layers thick
  • Equally wide and long, cuboidal in shape
  • Long, thin, column arrangement in shape

Frage 30

Frage
What is the barrier and fence function?
Antworten
  • The prevention of paracellular movement of molecules due to tight junctions between cells
  • The prevent of diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane, without a facilitating channel protein
  • The way in which lateral surface modules (such as desmosomes) anchor adjacent cells together

Frage 31

Frage
Adherens junctions contain actin filaments.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
Desomosomes contain tubulin microtubules.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
Collagen formation occurs in what order?
Antworten
  • Protocollagen -> Tropocollagen -> Collagen fibre assembly
  • Tropocollagen -> Protocollagen -> Collagen fibre assembly
  • Collagen fibre assembly -> Tropocollagen -> Protocollagen
  • Collagen fibre assembly -> Protocollagen -> Tropocollagen

Frage 34

Frage
Intermediate filaments are cell specific.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
What are the layers of the epidermis in descending order?
Antworten
  • Stratum Corneum -> Granular layer -> Spinus layer -> Basal layer
  • Granular layer -> Spinus layer -> Basal layer -> Stratum Corneum
  • Spinus layer -> Basal layer -> Granular layer -> Stratum Corneum
  • Granular layer -> Stratum Corneum -> Basal layer -> Spinus layer

Frage 36

Frage
Where is more K5/K14 found?
Antworten
  • Apical layer
  • Basal layer

Frage 37

Frage
Where is more K1/K10 found?
Antworten
  • Apical layer
  • Basal layer

Frage 38

Frage
Keratin genes are differentially expressed in the different epidermal layers, producing dominant subtypes in different epidermal layers
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
What are the components of a desmosome?
Antworten
  • Desmogleins
  • Desmocollins
  • Plakoglobin
  • Plakophilin
  • Plakotrypsin
  • Desmoglobulin
  • Desmochitin

Frage 40

Frage
What is a hemidesmosome?
Antworten
  • A basal cell-cell adhesion module that can interact with the ECM of the basement membrane
  • A lateral cell-cell adhesion module that permits electrical communication between cells
  • A lateral cell-cell adhesion module that anchors adjacent cells together

Frage 41

Frage
Pemphigus Foliaceus affects what epidermal layer?
Antworten
  • Upper
  • Lower

Frage 42

Frage
Epidermolysis bullosa affects what cell-cell adhesion module?
Antworten
  • Desmosomes
  • Hemi-desmosomes
  • Tight junctions
  • Adherens junctions

Frage 43

Frage
What are types of epidermolysis bullosa?
Antworten
  • EB Simplex
  • EB Junctional
  • EB Dystrophic
  • EB Vulgaris
  • EB Foliaceus
  • EB Desmosomal

Frage 44

Frage
Why is Tubulin known as "dynamically unstable"?
Antworten
  • It is continually assembled and disassembled at its plus end
  • It cannot be stored in cells as it is unstable
  • Tubulin is composed of more than one sub-units

Frage 45

Frage
Actin's structure shows a twisting pattern due to the + and - charges on G-actin during polymerisation
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
Mutations in intermediate filaments are more detrimental to cells than mutations in actin filaments or tubulin microtubules
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 47

Frage
What is meant by actin cycling?
Antworten
  • The disassembly of actin filaments, diffusion and subsequent reassembly close to a stimulus site
  • The way actin polymerises into F-actin

Frage 48

Frage
Which of the following protein translocations into organelles are unidirectional?
Antworten
  • Nucleus translocation
  • Mitochondria translocation
  • Peroxisomal translocation

Frage 49

Frage
Mutations in peroxisomes are not always fatal because peroxisomes are cell specific.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

Frage
Which of the following are ER modifications of proteins?
Antworten
  • N-linked glycosylation
  • Completion of translation
  • Folding of proteins
  • Formation of disulphide bonds
  • Modification of N-linked oligosaccharide side chains
  • Oxygen-linked glycosylation
  • Mannose-6-phosphate modification
  • Sorting to final destinations

Frage 51

Frage
Which of the following are Golgi modifications of proteins?
Antworten
  • Nitrogen-linked glycosylation
  • Completion of translation
  • Folding of proteins
  • Formation of disulphide bonds
  • Modification of N-linked oligosaccharide side chains
  • Oxygen-linked glycosylation
  • Mannose-6-phosphate modification
  • Sorting to final destinations

Frage 52

Frage
What is direct sorting in the golgi network?
Antworten
  • Vesicles travelling straight to the membrane from the golgi apparatus
  • Vesicles travelling from the golgi to the wrong domain and then being retrieved by early endosomes and being sent to the correct domain such as the membrane

Frage 53

Frage
What is indirect sorting in the golgi network?
Antworten
  • Vesicles travelling from the golgi to the wrong domain and then being retrieved by early endosomes and being sent to the correct domain such as the membrane
  • Vesicles travelling straight to the membrane from the golgi apparatus
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