HODI week 1 examsoft

Decreasing in frequency as you go from proximal to distal in the bowel, which of the following types of contractions in the gut allows for mixing and improved digestion and absorption?

Please use the attached image to answer the following: A 14-year-old boy is being evaluated for celiac disease. You order a series of laboratory tests and schedule the patient for upper endoscopy. H&E sections of the biopsy are shown in the image. Although the pathologic findings are not specific, which two features are seen that are compatible with a diagnosis of celiac disease?

Metastasis from the root of the tongue would most likely spread to which lymph nodes?

While working at an overseas clinic, you meet a 13-year-old patient with a hairline gap extending from his left nostril through his upper lip and jaw. Which of the following failures best describes the cause of this gap?

You are seeing a teenage boy back in clinic after confirming the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) via biopsy 2 weeks ago. He had been on omeprazole for 8 weeks prior to the endoscopy and still had significant disease at the time of the endoscopy. He and his mother are here to discuss next treatment options. Which of the following is the next appropriate treatment option for EoE?

Which of the following is associated with peptic ulcer disease, and can be a complication of H. pylori infection?

Of all the ways to test for H. pylori, which is the only test that does not offer information about a current active infection?

Which of the following compounds act as an inhibitor of acid secretion?

When discussing the phases of digestion with a classmate, you describe the following: receptive relaxation, peristalsis & retropulsion, and increase gastrin & pepsinogen levels. Which phase of digestion are you referring to?

You are rotating at an internal medicine clinic and seeing a 42yoM who is having significant heartburn. You talk with your supervising attending about acid suppression choices. You bring up H2 blockers and, in turn, your attending asks you which of the following is a side effect associated with Cimetidine?

You are caring for a 28yoF who is getting ready to go on a cruise. She is quite concerned about having nausea on this trip because she has a history of motion sickness. You decide to prescribe a scopolamine patch to be used on this trip. What is the mechanism of action?

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of salivary gland striated ducts?

Which of the following characteristics of H. pylori allows for production of ammonia to provide a neutral microenvironment?

Which of the following structural specializations is a defining feature of the lip¶s intra-oral surface?

Please use the attached image to answer the following: Identify the region of the GI tract in the attached image.

You are caring for a 67-year-old man who was in a bar fight 2 weeks ago and had severe blunt trauma to his left face affecting his facial nerve. At this time, he cannot smile or control the lower part of his left face. He is drooling on the left. You want to evaluate his chewing and swallowing ability, and expect to find the following problem:

A parietal cell utilizes which of the following cellular mechanisms to secrete HCl from its apical surface?

You are rotating at an internal medicine clinic and seeing a 42yoM who is having significant heartburn. You explain medication choices to him and describe a medication that irreversibly inhibits the hydrogen potassium ATPase. Which medication are you describing?

Which of the following is a defining feature of the esophagus?

You are seeing a 2 week old infant for a well child check while on your pediatrics rotation. During your interview with Mom she mentions that the baby seems to have difficulty latching to breastfeed and ³just can¶t seem to create any suction´You and your attending examine the child and note that they have ankyloglosia. Remembering your embryology lecture, you recall that this is a result of which of the following?

You are reviewing a swallow study done by your local radiologist on a patient that has complaints of feeling like food gets stuck in his esophagus when eating solids and occasionally with liquids. The swallow study reports a dilated esophagus with bird beak appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis you are to encounter when you perform an esophageal manometry study?

The housekeeper of the intestine is the Migrating Motor Complex. In between meals, this large sweep of material from the gastric antrum through the ileocecal valve (ICV) occurs with which frequency?

Which medication stimulates mucus and bicarbonate secretion and works to enhance mucosal blood flow as a protoglandin E (PGE) analogue?

A 5-year-old boy presents to your ENT clinic with an opening in the upper part of his neck that has had intermittent mucoid discharge. The opening of the tract moves with swallowing and protrusion of the tongue. No dysphagia, halitosis (bad breath) or respiratory distress. The pinhole opening is at the midline below the hyoid bone. No erythema or edema. You inject 1% methylene blue into the cannulated opening and that results in leakage of the dye through the internal opening in the region of the foramen caecum. Neck ultrasound reveals a normal thyroid gland without masses. What is the most likely initial diagnosis?

Which of the following muscles is the most powerful depressor of the mandible?