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Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09

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Quiz am Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09, erstellt von MatthewEllis96 am 03/02/2015.
MatthewEllis96
Quiz von MatthewEllis96, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
MatthewEllis96
Erstellt von MatthewEllis96 vor fast 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
THE CARBOHYDRATE RIBOSE CONTAINS HOW MANY CARBON ATOMS?
Antworten
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

Frage 2

Frage
SUCROSE IS A DISACCHARIDE OF:
Antworten
  • Glucose and fructose
  • Maltose and glucose
  • Glucose and galactose
  • Fructose and galactose

Frage 3

Frage
THE BEST DESCRIPTION FOR FATTY ACIDS IS:
Antworten
  • Hydrophobic
  • Hydrophilic
  • Amphipathic
  • Anglophobic

Frage 4

Frage
GLYCOGEN CONTAINS WHICH TYPES OF GLYCOSIDIC BONDS BETWEEN GLUCOSE RESIDUES?
Antworten
  • α(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • α(1→4) and β(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and β(1→6)

Frage 5

Frage
THE CONFORMATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE CHAINS IN CELLULOSE IS NORMALLY:
Antworten
  • Helical
  • Random coil
  • Zig-zag
  • Linear

Frage 6

Frage
THE REDOX CENTRE IN NAD+ IS:
Antworten
  • Nicotine
  • Nicotinamide
  • Flavin mononucleotide
  • Flavinoid

Frage 7

Frage
WHICH NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATE IS COMMONLY INVOLVED IN RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?
Antworten
  • CTP
  • TTP
  • UTP
  • GTP

Frage 8

Frage
IN LIVING CELLS, ATP IS USUALLY FOUND IN COMPLEX WITH WHICH ION?
Antworten
  • Na+
  • Ca2+
  • Hg2+
  • Mg2+

Frage 9

Frage
IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY OF GALACTOSE METABOLISM, GALACTOSE IS PHOSPHORYLATED TO GIVE:
Antworten
  • Galactose 1-phosphate
  • Galactose 6-phosphate
  • Glucose 1-phosphate
  • Glucose 6-phosphate

Frage 10

Frage
THE MAIN CARBOHYDRATE “FUEL” OF SPERM CELLS IS:
Antworten
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Maltose

Frage 11

Frage
WHICH PATHWAY RESULTS IN THE GREATEST OVERALL DIRECT GENERATION OF ATP UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS?
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • The tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Gluconeogenesis

Frage 12

Frage
FOR THE COMPLETE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ONE MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS, HOW MANY TIMES DOES THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE “TURN”?
Antworten
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Frage 13

Frage
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF ACETYL COENZYME A (AcCoA) WHICH ENTERS THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, HOW MANY MOLECULES OF CARBON DIOXIDE ARE RELEASED?
Antworten
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Frage 14

Frage
UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, YEAST METABOLISE GLUCOSE TO:
Antworten
  • Ethanol via acetic acid
  • Acetic acid via ethanol
  • Acetaldehyde (ethanal) via ethanol
  • Ethanol via acetaldehyde (ethanal)

Frage 15

Frage
THE PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS INCLUDE:
Antworten
  • NADH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADPH, water and an electromotive force
  • NADPH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADH, oxygen and an electromotive force

Frage 16

Frage
THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS REQUIRE:
Antworten
  • NADPH, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NAD+, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NADPH, ADP and oxygen
  • NADPH, ATP and oxygen

Frage 17

Frage
TWO METHODOLOGIES USED BY MELVIN CALVIN TO ELUCIDATE THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WERE:
Antworten
  • Paper chromatography and synthetic organic chemistry
  • X-ray crystallography and titrations
  • Gene sequencing and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • Tissue culture and NMR spectroscopy

Frage 18

Frage
WHICH OF THESE COFACTORS IS NEEDED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MALONYL COENZYME A FROM ACETYL COENZYME A AND CARBON DIOXIDE?
Antworten
  • Niacin
  • NAD+
  • Thiamine
  • Biotin

Frage 19

Frage
IN WATER, FATTY ACIDS CAN SPONTANEOUSLY ASSEMBLE INTO WHAT STRUCTURES?v
Antworten
  • Micelles
  • Mitochondria
  • Mitotic spindles
  • Myosin

Frage 20

Frage
MALONATE INHIBITS AN ENZYME IN WHICH METABOLIC PATHWAY?
Antworten
  • Glycolysis
  • Tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Leloir pathway
  • Glycogen biosynthesis

Frage 21

Frage
THE MICHAELIS CONSTANT, Km:
Antworten
  • Has units of concentration
  • For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used
  • Is a measure of the rate of acceleration carried out by the enzyme
  • Gives an idea of the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency

Frage 22

Frage
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS:
Antworten
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state

Frage 23

Frage
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Antworten
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site

Frage 24

Frage
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Antworten
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate

Frage 25

Frage
THE PROTEIN UBIQUITIN:
Antworten
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminal glycine residue
  • Is a polypeptide
  • Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation

Frage 26

Frage
PROTEOSOME-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS:
Antworten
  • Is controlled by serine protease enzymes.
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the eukarote cell cycle
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the prokarote cell cycle
  • Is controlled by ubiquinone activating enzymes.

Frage 27

Frage
IN MICHAELIS-MENTON KINETICS, FORMATION OF THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX:
Antworten
  • Is always the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is never the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is always a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover
  • Is never a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover

Frage 28

Frage
THE TRANSITION STATE MODEL FOR ENZYME CATALYSIS:
Antworten
  • May explain why enzymes have particular substrate specificity
  • May explain why enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
  • May explain why enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
  • May explain why enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat

Frage 29

Frage
THE CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION:
Antworten
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Km
  • Can be described by the ratio: Km/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: Vmax/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Vmax

Frage 30

Frage
THE UREA CYCLE:
Antworten
  • Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell

Frage 31

Frage
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE IS:
Antworten
  • A glycolytic intermediate
  • The precursor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • Produced from fructose 2-phosphate
  • A second messenger

Frage 32

Frage
THE BUILD UP OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLES AFTER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE IS:
Antworten
  • Caused by an excess of ATP in the cytoplasm
  • Due to its synthesis being coupled to ATP hydrolysis
  • Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NADH to NAD+
  • Due to pyruvate being oxidised by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NAD+ to NADH

Frage 33

Frage
THE INCREASE IN ATP LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT" CAUSES:
Antworten
  • Decreased glycolytic flux by allosteric stimulation of lactate dehydrogenase
  • Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
  • Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1
  • Increased glycolytic flux by allosteric activation of phosphofructokinase-2

Frage 34

Frage
PROTEIN KINASE A IS ACTIVATED BY:
Antworten
  • 5'-AMP
  • cAMP
  • ADP
  • NADH

Frage 35

Frage
THE WARBURG EFFECT IS:
Antworten
  • The term used to describe the inhibition of glycolysis in anaerobic cells that occurs when oxygen is supplied
  • Caused (in some cancers) by a defect in the glycerol phosphate shuttle
  • Caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer
  • Due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by NADH

Frage 36

Frage
THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM HELPS REGULATE:
Antworten
  • Body fluids
  • Blood pressure
  • Body temperature
  • Breathing

Frage 37

Frage
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ECTOTHERMS?
Antworten
  • They generate most of their heat through internal processes
  • They get most of their heat from the environment
  • They generate most of their heat from external processes
  • They cannot regulate their body temperature

Frage 38

Frage
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATES ARE:
Antworten
  • Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
  • Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
  • Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
  • Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules

Frage 39

Frage
THE KREBS (OR TCA) CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF PATHWAY?
Antworten
  • Anabolic
  • Catabolic
  • Amphibolic
  • Hyperbolic

Frage 40

Frage
WHICH OF THESE SYSTEMS IS MOST COMMON IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS?
Antworten
  • Positive feedback
  • Formative feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Neutral feedback
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