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Frage 1
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The cardinal temperatures are the:
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Minimum temperatures
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Optimum temperatures
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Maximum temperatures
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Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together.
Frage 2
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Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?
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Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall.
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Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas
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Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures
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Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences
Frage 3
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Which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?
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extreme halophiles
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extreme thermophiles.
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methanogens
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules
Frage 4
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Photoautotophs use:
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Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
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Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source
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CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source
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All of the above.
Frage 5
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Addition of blood to a culture medium only allows the haemolytic bacteria that grow on the plate to be picked out. This is an example of a:
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Selective medium
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Differential medium
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Complex medium
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Synthetic medium
Frage 6
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Almost all medically important microbes are:
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Chemolithoautotrophs
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Photoorganoheterotrophs
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Photolithoautotrophs
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Chemoorganoheterotrophs
Frage 7
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With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the CORRECT one?
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A plasmid is extra chromosomal DNA that encodes only resistance to antibiotics
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A plasmid is a part of the bacterial chromosome
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A plasmid is single stranded DNA found in some bacteria
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A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule
Frage 8
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Bacterial Genomics is:
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A study of the entire bacterial genome
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Sequencing of the bacterial chromosome
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A study of essential genes and genetic elements
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Sequencing of DNA samples obtained from the environment
Frage 9
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All viruses:
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Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis
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Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell
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Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell
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Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells
Frage 10
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Underline the TRUE statement below:
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Viruses do not infect microorganisms
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All viruses are enveloped
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All viruses cause disease
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All viruses are parasites
Frage 11
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Anthrophilic dermatophytes (fungi causing cutaneous infections of humans) are primarily associated with:
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Soil
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Animals
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Plants
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Humans
Frage 12
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Phytophthora ramorum is the causal pathogen of:
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Potato blight
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Sudden Oak Death
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Coffee rust
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Ash dieback
Frage 13
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The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:
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Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium bovis
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Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis
Frage 14
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Which of the following is transmitted via the faecal-oral-route?
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Malaria
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Typhoid
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Plague
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Meningitis
Frage 15
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With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?
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Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria.
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Bacterial cells are always larger than eukaryote cells.
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Bacteria do not contain a chromosome.
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Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics.
Frage 16
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Koch’s postulates MOST CORRECTLY relate to which one of the following statements?
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The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease.
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Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism indicates that it is the cause of the disease.
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The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease.
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Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed.
Frage 17
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Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
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LPS is found in Gram positive cells.
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LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane.
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LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.
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LPS is associated with found inside all bacterial cells.
Frage 18
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A culture of E.coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 57 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?
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5.7 x 10(7)
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5.7 x 10(8)
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5.7 x 10(6)
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5.7 x 10(5)
Frage 19
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With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?
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Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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No bacteria and only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis
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Archaea and bacteria are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
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Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea
Frage 20
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Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?
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There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
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Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan.
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There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall.
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Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls.
Frage 21
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Which of the following is a macronutrient?
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Manganese
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Magnesium
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Zinc
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Cobalt
Frage 22
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Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?
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Superoxide anion
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Hydrogen peroxide
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Hydroxyl radical
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All of the above
Frage 23
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Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:
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Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell
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Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient
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The level of nutrients in nature is very low
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All of the above
Frage 24
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The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:
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5S
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16S
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18S
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23S
Frage 25
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Which of these environmental factors influences microbial growth?
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pH
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Water potential
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Oxygen
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All of the above
Frage 26
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The signature sequence is used extensively in the:
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Phylogenetic probe
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Reclassification of misclassified organisms
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Defining of a specific group within a domain
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All of the above
Frage 27
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A Wild-type strain is:
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A bacterial or viral strain with minimum of mutations in its genome
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An arbitrarily chosen strain; other strains compared with it
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A strain adapted to laboratory conditions
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A strain that dominates the natural environment
Frage 28
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Bacterial genes:
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Are stretches of double stranded RNA
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Have introns
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Are often organised into operons
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Are always present in two copies
Frage 29
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Viruses may encode their genomes as:
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DNA
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RNA
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Negative strand RNA
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All of the above
Frage 30
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Poliovirus:
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Has a double-stranded DNA genome
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Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein
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Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract
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Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family
Frage 31
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about rust fungi?
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They are obligate pathogens
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They are host specific pathogens
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They have an active saprophytic phase
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They form basidiospores as part of their life cycle
Frage 32
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Which of the following is NOT part of the plant disease triangle:
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Susceptible host
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Climate change
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Active pathogen
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Suitable environment
Frage 33
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Which of the following is primarily a respiratory pathogen?
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Vibrio cholera
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Salmonella typhi
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Mycobacterium leprae
Frage 34
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Modification of RNA polymerase confers bacterial resistance to:
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Beta-lactam antibiotics
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Rifampicin
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Quinolone antibiotics
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Metronidazole
Frage 35
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Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?
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Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope
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First to discover and use agar
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That there could be life without air
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The first chemical antibiotics
Frage 36
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The length of a typical E.coli cell is approximately:
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20 μm
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2 μm
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200 nm
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20 nm
Frage 37
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With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?
Antworten
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Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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No bacteria and only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis
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Archaea and bacteria are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
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Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea
Frage 38
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Which statement is CORRECT with respect to the E.coli chromosome?
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It is negatively supercoiled
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It is positively supercoiled
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There are typically several origins of replication
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It consists of over 50 million base pairs
Frage 39
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A culture of E.coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 56 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?
Antworten
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5.6 x 10(7)
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5.6 x 10(8)
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5.6 x 10(6)
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5.6 x 10(5)
Frage 40
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Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?
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Wave-like movement of the flagellum
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Rotation of the cell
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Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only
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Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible
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