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Psych 315 Final

Beschreibung

Psychology Quiz am Psych 315 Final, erstellt von Giana Vittoriso am 11/12/2019.
Giana Vittoriso
Quiz von Giana Vittoriso, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Giana Vittoriso
Erstellt von Giana Vittoriso vor mehr als 4 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
_______ is the process of self-notes and self-reporting
Antworten
  • Introspectionism
  • Behaviorism
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Self Perception

Frage 2

Frage
______ is only studying what we can observe completely
Antworten
  • Observational Psychology
  • Introspectionism
  • Behaviorism
  • Cognitive Psychology

Frage 3

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___________ uses the experimental methods of psych to study learning how people remember, pay attention, and think.
Antworten
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behaviorism
  • Introspectionism

Frage 4

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Information Processing Psychology assumes we can explain cognition using the same concepts we use to explain _______
Antworten
  • People
  • The stock market
  • Airplanes
  • Computers

Frage 5

Frage
What concepts from Computer Science have made important contributions to the study of Cognitive Psychology?
Antworten
  • Mental Representations
  • Manipulation of Symbols
  • Decisions based on comparisons of represented values.
  • Complex procedures made of sequences of simple operations.
  • Emojis
  • Spontaneous Combustion

Frage 6

Frage
Inputs are received at ______, can be either excitatory (positive) or inhibitory (negative), those from many different synapses on dendrites are combined to determine _____
Antworten
  • dendrites, outputs
  • threshold, inputs
  • Neurotransmitter synapse
  • Dendrites, inputs

Frage 7

Frage
Output Outputs are all or none: fires only after input reaches ______. Action potential travels full length of axon without losing strength When it reaches end of axon, triggers the release of ______
Antworten
  • threshold, neurotransmitters
  • Inputs, outputs
  • threshold, synaptic vesicles
  • potential, neurotransmitters

Frage 8

Frage
______ vesicles contain neurotransmitter Action potential causes vesicles to fuse with outer membrane and release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft _______ molecules travel across cleft and attach to receptors on other side.
Antworten
  • Synaptic, Neurotransmitter
  • Input, Output
  • Output, Input
  • Neurotransmitter, Synaptic

Frage 9

Frage
Aphasia is the
Antworten
  • Inability to speak
  • Inability to recognize objects
  • Ignoring of some parts of space
  • inability to perceive color

Frage 10

Frage
Agnosia is the
Antworten
  • Inability to speak
  • Inability to recognize objects
  • Ignoring of some parts of space
  • Inability to perceive color

Frage 11

Frage
Neglect is:
Antworten
  • Inability to speak
  • Inability to recognize objects
  • Ignoring of some parts of space
  • Inability to perceive color

Frage 12

Frage
Achromatopsia is:
Antworten
  • Inability to speak
  • Inability to recognize objects
  • Ignoring of some parts of space
  • Inability to perceive color

Frage 13

Frage
Electroencephalogram (EEG):
Antworten
  • Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
  • Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function
  • Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull

Frage 14

Frage
X-ray Computer Tomography (CAT)
Antworten
  • Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function
  • Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
  • Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull

Frage 15

Frage
Single-Cell Recording:
Antworten
  • Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull
  • Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
  • Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function

Frage 16

Frage
Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
Antworten
  • Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
  • Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
  • Primarily function, measures blood flow

Frage 17

Frage
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Antworten
  • Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
  • Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
  • Primarily function, measures blood flow

Frage 18

Frage
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Antworten
  • Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
  • Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
  • Primarily function, measures blood flow

Frage 19

Frage
Hindbrain:
Antworten
  • Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
  • Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
  • Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex

Frage 20

Frage
Midbrain
Antworten
  • Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
  • Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
  • Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex

Frage 21

Frage
Forebrain:
Antworten
  • Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
  • Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
  • Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex

Frage 22

Frage
Frontal Lobe:
Antworten
  • Planning, working memory, motor control
  • Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
  • Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
  • Early visual processing

Frage 23

Frage
Parietal Lobe
Antworten
  • Planning, working memory, motor control
  • Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
  • Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
  • Early visual processing

Frage 24

Frage
Temporal Lobe:
Antworten
  • Planning, working memory, motor control
  • Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
  • Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
  • Early visual processing

Frage 25

Frage
Occipital Lobe
Antworten
  • Planning, working memory, motor control
  • Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
  • Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
  • Early visual processing

Frage 26

Frage
Cones are ______ sensitive to light and there are/is _____ type. More heavily represented in ______
Antworten
  • less, three, fovea
  • more, one, periphery
  • more, two, pupil
  • less, five, superior colliculus

Frage 27

Frage
Rods are ______ sensitive to light and there are/is _____ type. More heavily represented in ______
Antworten
  • less, three, fovea
  • more, one, periphery
  • less, two, pupil
  • more, five, superior colliculus

Frage 28

Frage
Colorblindness is due to:
Antworten
  • Which cones are present
  • Injury
  • Which rods are present
  • Because my mom said so

Frage 29

Frage
Information from one side of the visual field is routed to the _____ side of the brain.
Antworten
  • contralateral
  • lateral
  • retinal
  • both

Frage 30

Frage
The superior colliculus is important for _____ movements
Antworten
  • eye
  • hand
  • head
  • toe

Frage 31

Frage
The axons of the retinal ganglion cells lead from the retina to the________ of the ________
Antworten
  • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), thannalmus
  • Primary Visual Cortex, V1 monocular
  • Cones, forebrain
  • Rods, hypothalamus

Frage 32

Frage
WHAT Pathway: Object recognition, receives information about color, orientation, form. Damage can cause visual agnosia; Inferotemporal Cortex
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
WHERE Pathway: Representing locations of things, includes representation of speed and direction of motion. Damage can cause spatial neglect; Located in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

Frage
The word superiority effect is the data pattern in which research participants are more accurate and more efficient in recognizing letters if the letters appear within [blank_start]word[blank_end] than they are in recognizing letters appearing in [blank_start]isolation[blank_end].
Antworten
  • a word
  • isolation
  • nonsense
  • isolation
  • a word
  • nonsense

Frage 35

Frage
Repetition priming is a pattern of priming that occurs simply because a stimulus is presented [blank_start]a second time[blank_end]
Antworten
  • a second time
  • at all
  • for the first time
  • in text

Frage 36

Frage
A problem with object recognition is:
Antworten
  • Distance
  • Orientation
  • Depth
  • Spelling
  • Color

Frage 37

Frage
Biederman: Recognition-by-Components (RBC) assumes complex shapes are made of combinations of simple shapes, these simple shapes may be recognizable at different orientations. These shapes, known as _______, make up objects.
Antworten
  • Geons
  • Klingon
  • Leons
  • Neons

Frage 38

Frage
The Feature Integration Theory: (Triesman and Gelade) proposes feature differences can be detected in parallel,_______. Different types of features must be combined using _______.
Antworten
  • Without attention, with attention
  • With attention, without attention
  • With a little attention, with a lot of attention
  • With a lot of attention, with a little attention

Frage 39

Frage
Illusory Conjunctions:
Antworten
  • Attention is necessary to combine features from different dimensions
  • If features cannot be correctly “bound” by attention, then they may be combined incorrectly
  • Experiment involving black letters and shapes
  • Assumes complex shapes are made of combinations of simple shape
  • Word appears for brief second, then “mask” follows at same position to stop processing of stimulus

Frage 40

Frage
According to Shiffrin and Schneider (1977), practice can eliminate interference in some tasks. To examine this, they used two different types of mapping. _______ Mapping, in which target-set and distractor-set are not alike (i.e. numbers and letters). _______ Mapping, in which target-set and distractor-set are the same
Antworten
  • Consistent, varied
  • Varied, consistent
  • Consistent, interference
  • Interference, consistent

Frage 41

Frage
Each cognitive task draws on a collection of cognitive resources. When two tasks require the same resources, they:
Antworten
  • Interfere with one another
  • Work together
  • Draw from the same resource with no effect
  • Cause the brain to explode

Frage 42

Frage
Long-term Memory (LTM):
Antworten
  • Significantly larger capacity than STM
  • Info can remain in LTM for years
  • Info must be loaded into STM to be recalled
  • One way to get information into Long Term Memory is through rehearsal
  • Significantly smaller capacity than STM
  • Info can remain in LTM forever
  • Info doesn't need the STM to be recalled

Frage 43

Frage
The recency involves the recall of memory. In recalling,
Antworten
  • Words are still in STM, easy to recall. However effect can be weakened by overloading STM (participants count back by 3’s)
  • Words are still in LTM, easy to recall. However effect can be weakened by overloading LTM (participants count back by 3’s)
  • More rehearsal means better recall. A slower presentation of words means a greater effect.
  • Less rehearsal means better recall. A slower presentation of words means a smaller effect.

Frage 44

Frage
The primacy involves the recall of memory. In recalling,
Antworten
  • Words are still in STM, easy to recall. Effect can be weakened by overloading STM (participants count back by 3’s)
  • Words are still in LTM, easy to recall. Effect can be weakened by overloading LTM (participants count back by 3’s)
  • More rehearsal means a better recall. If words are presented more slowly, then effect greater,
  • Less rehearsal means a better recall. If words are presented more slowly, then effect smaller,

Frage 45

Frage
The phonological buffer is used:
Antworten
  • as a passive storage system used for holding a representation of recently heard or self-produced sounds.
  • for storing visual materials such as mental images, in much the same way that the rehearsal loop stores speech-based materials.
  • with the proposal that this term is merely the name for an organized set of activities
  • to set goals, make plans for reaching those goals, and select the steps needed for implementing those plans.

Frage 46

Frage
What sort of symptoms ailed patient H.M.?
Antworten
  • Severe anterograde amnesia,
  • Weak retrograde amnesia after surgery
  • No new explicit long term memories
  • Can carry on a normal conversation
  • Cannot carry on a normal conversation
  • Was able to remember everything prior to injury, but new memories are not retained

Frage 47

Frage
Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and related brain structures impairs ability to form new long-term explicit memories, not working memory or implicit memory.
Antworten
  • Hippocampus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Cerebellum
  • Cortex

Frage 48

Frage
Subjects are generally faster to identify a word as a word if they have seen it recently. As with tachistoscopic reading, not a direct memory test, demonstrates some type of memory. The priming in this is another demonstration of memory without awareness, or implicit memory
Antworten
  • Lexical Decision Task
  • Famous Names Test
  • Feature Integration Theory
  • Raven's Progressive Matrices

Frage 49

Frage
When identifying famous names, subjects often choose unknown names that they saw 24 hours previously. These names sometimes seem familiar, but without any source memory as to where they were seen. Shows the effect of exposure to a stimulus, without asking for explicit memory of the episode in which the stimulus was seen.
Antworten
  • Famous Names Test
  • Lexical Decision Task
  • Feature Integration Theory
  • Intelligence Tests

Frage 50

Frage
According to Collins & Quillian (1969), it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to confirm that a canary is an animal than that a canary is a bird. Possibly because it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to reach in the hierarchy .
Antworten
  • longer
  • the same amount of time
  • longer
  • shorter
  • the same amount of time

Frage 51

Frage
According to Anderson (1974), it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to build up activation when the nodes involved have [blank_start]many[blank_end] connections. This could be due to the Fan Effect: number of connections to a node.
Antworten
  • longer
  • shorter
  • the same amount of time
  • many
  • few
  • no

Frage 52

Frage
According to Barbara Tversky, performance [blank_start]better[blank_end] when subjects can tailor their encoding for the specific type of test.
Antworten
  • is better
  • is worse
  • is no different

Frage 53

Frage
Episodic memory:
Antworten
  • Recall of event, recall generally requires a source memory
  • Being reminded of the learning context helps retrieval because the context is encoded along with the learned material
  • When a word seems familiar, but you cannot remember specifically learning/hearing it
  • Produce list of items seen before without examples

Frage 54

Frage
Syntax is:
Antworten
  • Our ability to combine words into sentences.
  • Set of syntactic rules that determine whether a sequence of words is a grammatical sentence
  • If the structure of a sentence can be described by the phrase structure rules, then it is grammatical.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 55

Frage
Broca's Aphasia
Antworten
  • Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
  • Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
  • Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
  • Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech

Frage 56

Frage
Wernicke's Aphasia
Antworten
  • Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production.
  • Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
  • Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors.
  • Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech.

Frage 57

Frage
Anomia:
Antworten
  • Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
  • Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
  • Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
  • Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech

Frage 58

Frage
Pure Word Deafness
Antworten
  • Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
  • Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
  • Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
  • Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech

Frage 59

Frage
Image scanning done by Stephen Kosslyn found the [blank_start]longer[blank_end] the "distance" scanned in the image, the [blank_start]longer[blank_end] the time before the scan is completed.
Antworten
  • longer
  • shorter
  • longer
  • lack of change

Frage 60

Frage
In tests of mental rotation done by Roger Shepard, reaction time [blank_start]increases[blank_end] with the amount of rotation from the normal orientation.
Antworten
  • increases
  • decreases
  • displays no change

Frage 61

Frage
A propositional, or descriptive, representation has:
Antworten
  • a truth value
  • an untrue value
  • a value that cannot be deemed true or false

Frage 62

Frage
Analog (depictive) Representation is something about form of representation that ______ form of thing it represents.
Antworten
  • matches
  • does not match the
  • is a true
  • is an untrue

Frage 63

Frage
According to Kosslyn, what does imagery rely on?
Antworten
  • analog image buffer
  • phonological buffer
  • visual buffer
  • visiospatial buffer

Frage 64

Frage
When Bisiach & Luzzatti (1979) studied a patient from Milan with left neglect, they found:
Antworten
  • They only attended to things on the right visual field
  • They only attended to things on the left visual field
  • Describes only buildings to the right
  • Describes only buildings to the left
  • When switching to the opposite side, they now only describe only buildings on right, which were the buildings previously ignored
  • When switching to the opposite side, they now only describe only buildings on left, which were the buildings previously ignored

Frage 65

Frage
[blank_start]Availability[blank_end] Heuristic: Strategy for estimating the frequency with which something occurs.
Antworten
  • Availability
  • Representativeness
  • Frequency

Frage 66

Frage
[blank_start]Representativeness[blank_end] Heuristic: Estimate probability that an exemplar belongs in a category by assessing how representative that event is of the appropriate category.
Antworten
  • Representativeness
  • Availibility
  • Probability

Frage 67

Frage
Most people tend to seek [blank_start]confirming[blank_end] evidence rather than [blank_start]disconfirming[blank_end] evidence due to [blank_start]confirmation[blank_end] bias.
Antworten
  • confirming
  • disconfirming
  • confirmation
  • disconfirmation
  • disconfirming
  • confirming

Frage 68

Frage
In functional fixedness, there is a tendency to be rigid in thinking about an object’s function. The problem set is like a heuristic, which helps to reduce options, but may also eliminate possible solutions. What is the key for solving this problem?
Antworten
  • Creativity
  • Logic
  • Hill-climbing problem solving
  • Means-end problem solving

Frage 69

Frage
Wallas (1926) argued that creative thought proceeds in four stages. What are these four stages?
Antworten
  • Preparation
  • Incubation
  • Illumination
  • Verification
  • Intelligence
  • Fluid thinking

Frage 70

Frage
What is general intelligence?
Antworten
  • One pervasive measure. Factor analysis: looks for common factors—“ingredients”, reveals a general intelligence factor, or g
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
  • Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings

Frage 71

Frage
What is specialized intelligence?
Antworten
  • Each measure is separate
  • Own's emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems

Frage 72

Frage
What is hierarchical intelligence?
Antworten
  • Some aspects are shared across tests
  • Each measure is separate
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
  • Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions

Frage 73

Frage
What is fluid intelligence?
Antworten
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems. Decreases with age.
  • Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience. Improved with age
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
  • Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions

Frage 74

Frage
What is crystallized intelligence?
Antworten
  • Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience. Improved with age
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems. Decreases with age.
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings.
  • Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions

Frage 75

Frage
What is practical intelligence?
Antworten
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
  • Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
  • Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience

Frage 76

Frage
What is emotional intelligence?
Antworten
  • Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
  • Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
  • The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
  • One pervasive measure

Frage 77

Frage
What are some examples of Multiple Inteligences as proposed by Howard Gardner?
Antworten
  • psychometric
  • linguistic
  • spatial
  • musical
  • naturalistic
  • tv fun facts
  • food recipes

Frage 78

Frage
Environment and genetics play the largest role in intelligence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 79

Frage
In the Flynn Effect, intelligence decrease up 3 points per decade and can be genetic
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 80

Frage
There are no reliable difference between men and women in their overall IQ scores
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 81

Frage
Genetic similarities and economic differences are great for intelligence, leads to stereotype threats.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 82

Frage
The word “consciousness” is used to refer to a number of different things such as:
Antworten
  • Awareness
  • Thinking
  • Self-consciousness
  • Experience
  • Ability
  • Grades

Frage 83

Frage
Awareness refers to:
Antworten
  • We are aware of some mental events, but not others
  • Solving problems, learning, executing
  • Introspection, mental representation of self
  • What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?

Frage 84

Frage
Thinking refers to:
Antworten
  • We are aware of some mental events, but not others
  • Solving problems, learning, executing
  • Introspection, mental representation of self
  • What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?

Frage 85

Frage
Self consciousness refers to:
Antworten
  • We are aware of some mental events, but not others.
  • Solving problems, learning, executing
  • Introspection, mental representation of self
  • What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?

Frage 86

Frage
Experience refers to:
Antworten
  • We are aware of some mental events, but not others.
  • Solving problems, learning, executing
  • Introspection, mental representation of self
  • What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?

Frage 87

Frage
A person has damage to primary visual cortex (V1) . Patient claims to be blind in affected area. When forced to guess about visual stimuli, responses more accurate than chance. They have access to visual information that they are unaware of. Even though they are unaware of this information, it can be used to guide their behavior as they avoid obstacles when walking. What does this patient have?
Antworten
  • Broca's aphasia
  • Blindsight
  • Achromatopsia
  • Anomia
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