Topographical Basis of Tissue Organisation

Fill in the blanks below to describe the main layers of the skin. The [blank_start]epidermis[blank_end] is the outermost layer that provides a waterproof barrier. The [blank_start]dermis[blank_end] is the middle layer that contains connective tissue, elastic fibres, hair follicles and sweat glands. The [blank_start]hypodermis[blank_end] is the innermost layer and consists of fat and connective tissue.

The superficial fascia is made up of adipose tissue only.

Why is the superficial fascia described as a conductor?

The deep fascia contains little fat.

Why is deep fascia found between the muscles?

Fill in the blanks below to describe compartment syndrome. In the thigh, the muscles are organised by deep fascial [blank_start]sheaths[blank_end]. Blood vessels are also confined to a compartment by [blank_start]deep fascia[blank_end]. In the event of infection/inflammation, this means there is no room for [blank_start]swelling[blank_end]. The blood vessels and nerves can be damaged and the blood supply to the lower leg and foot cut off.

What is a serous membrane?

Fill in the blanks to describe the different serous membranes found in the internal body cavities. The [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end] surrounds the heart and some blood vessels. The [blank_start]pleural[blank_end] membranes surround the lungs. The [blank_start]peritoneal membrane[blank_end] surrounds the abdominal cavity and organs.

What name is given to the monolayer of epithelium lining the serous membranes?

What is the function of the serous membranes?

The visceral layer of the serous membrane is related to the organ directly whereas the parietal serous membrane walls the walls of the body cavities.

What is the name given to arteries that ensure continuous blood flow irrespective of the position of the body (e.g. around a flexed elbow)?

What is the different between a superficial vein and a deep vein?

What structures do veins have that ensure blood flow to the heart is maintained against the force of gravity and compression?

When a muscle contracts around a deep vein, the distal valve (before the muscle) [blank_start]closes[blank_end] and the proximal valve (after the muscle, closer to the heart) [blank_start]opens[blank_end]. This prevents backflow through the [blank_start]distal[blank_end] valve. When a muscle relaxes around a deep vein, the distal valve [blank_start]opens[blank_end] and the proximal valve [blank_start]closes[blank_end] to prevent backflow through the muscle under the influence of [blank_start]gravity[blank_end].