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respiration

Beschreibung

human physiology Quiz am respiration, erstellt von Y Y am 08/01/2020.
Y Y
Quiz von Y Y, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Y Y
Erstellt von Y Y vor fast 5 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
inspiration occurs as a result of
Antworten
  • an upward movement of the diaphragm
  • movement of the ribs closer together due to the contraction of the inspiratory intercostal muscles
  • downward movement of the diaphragm
  • a and b
  • b and c

Frage 2

Frage
in order for the lungs to function normally, the intrapleural pressure must
Antworten
  • be lower than alveolar pressure
  • be between +5 and +10mmHg above the atmospheric pressure
  • alternate between being less than and greater than the atmospheric pressure
  • change as respiratory demands of the body change
  • be the same as the atmospheric pressure

Frage 3

Frage
most of the CO2 that is transported in blood is
Antworten
  • dissolved in the plasma
  • bound to haemoglobin
  • in carbonic acid
  • in bicarbonate ions
  • in carbonic anhydrase

Frage 4

Frage
in which vesicular bed does hypoxia cause vasconstriction
Antworten
  • coronary
  • pulmonary
  • cerebral
  • muscle
  • skin

Frage 5

Frage
which of the following is the site of the highest airway resisitance
Antworten
  • mouth
  • largest bronchi
  • medium sized bronchi
  • smallest bronchi
  • alveoli

Frage 6

Frage
compared with the systemic circulation, the pulmonary circulation has a:
Antworten
  • higher flow
  • lower resistance
  • higher arterial pressure
  • higher capillary pressure
  • higher cardiac output

Frage 7

Frage
hypoventilation will cause
Antworten
  • hypercapnia
  • anoxia
  • hypoxia
  • hypocapnia
  • a and c

Frage 8

Frage
which of the following events is caused by an increased pCO2 in tissues
Antworten
  • increased pH
  • decreased association between hemoglobin and O2
  • decreased pH
  • vasodilatation
  • b and c

Frage 9

Frage
vital capacity include
Antworten
  • tidal volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
  • residual volume
  • inspiratory reserve volume
  • a, b, and d

Frage 10

Frage
which muscles contract in quiet breathing
Antworten
  • abdominal
  • external intercostal muscles
  • diaphragm
  • pectoral muscle
  • b and c

Frage 11

Frage
which of the following events are sympathetic effects
Antworten
  • vasoconstriction in the lungs
  • dilation of the bronchi
  • vasodilation in the lungs
  • constriction of the bronchi
  • a and b

Frage 12

Frage
which of the following is related to the respiratory function of the lungs
Antworten
  • regulation of lung blood pressure
  • lung ventilation
  • diffusion of gases between the alveolar air and blood
  • fat metabolism
  • b and c

Frage 13

Frage
which factors affect the gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane
Antworten
  • membrane thickness
  • membrane area
  • tidal volume
  • diffusion quotient
  • a and b

Frage 14

Frage
gas exchange in the respiratory system of humans takes place in the
Antworten
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
  • larynx

Frage 15

Frage
as regards the distribution of ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q), the V/Q ratio
Antworten
  • gradient of change of ventilation is greater than that of perfusion
  • ventilation increases up the lung
  • perfusion increases up the lung
  • at apex is greater than at base in prone position
  • none of the above

Frage 16

Frage
surfactant
Antworten
  • is produced by type I alveolar cells
  • acts like detergent in water
  • reduces the amount of negative intrapleural pressure
  • reduces blood flow to the lungs
  • increases pulmonary compliance

Frage 17

Frage
carbon dioxide transport is
Antworten
  • 70% dissolved in plasma
  • 70% as a carbamino hemoglobin
  • 70% as bicarbonates
  • 10% as bicarbonates
  • unaffected by pO2

Frage 18

Frage
obligatory respiratory muscles are
Antworten
  • the diaphragm and mm. intercostales interni
  • the diaphragm and mm. intercostales externi
  • mm.abdominales
  • mm. serrati posteriores inferiores
  • all of the above

Frage 19

Frage
the bronchial muscles relax under the influence of
Antworten
  • epinephrine
  • atropine
  • epinephrine and atropine
  • bradikinine and histamine
  • acetylcholine

Frage 20

Frage
for the surfactant it is true that
Antworten
  • is produced by type II alveolar cells
  • consists of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates
  • decreases the alveolar surface tension at the end of expiration
  • protects the lungs from atelectasis and edema
  • all of the above

Frage 21

Frage
for the alveolar capillary membrane it is true that
Antworten
  • consists of alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium and their base membranes with very thin interstitial space between them
  • diffusion of O2 and CO2 occurs across it
  • has better permeability for O2 than CO2
  • a and b
  • none of the above

Frage 22

Frage
dilation of bronchi can be achieved by
Antworten
  • increased level of catecholamines
  • decreased level of catecholamines
  • increase of acetylcholine and serotonin levels
  • increase of bradikinine and histamine levels
  • a,c, and d

Frage 23

Frage
normal breathing at rest is called
Antworten
  • polypnoe
  • eupnoe
  • tachypnoe
  • dyspnoe
  • hyperpnoe

Frage 24

Frage
during expiration
Antworten
  • the thoracic cage recoils and the diaphragm moves upwards
  • the intrapleural pressure decreases
  • the intrapleural pressure increases
  • a and b
  • a and c

Frage 25

Frage
the sympathetic division of ANS affects the bronchial muscles activating
Antworten
  • alpha-adrenergic receptors
  • beta-adrenergic receptors
  • M-cholinergic receptors
  • N-cholingeric receptors
  • H2 receptors

Frage 26

Frage
tidal volume (TV) is
Antworten
  • the volume of air, which passes through the lungs per minute
  • bigger than the residual volume (RV)
  • an element of the functional residual capacity (FRC)
  • a, b and c
  • 0.5 1 approximately

Frage 27

Frage
the intrapleural pressure is
Antworten
  • higher than the atmospheric pressure
  • lower than the atmospheric pressure
  • equal to the atmospheric pressure
  • depends on the water molecules surface tension and elastic fibers
  • b and d

Frage 28

Frage
the anatomical dead space
Antworten
  • includes the volume of air within the air passages up to the terminal bronchioles
  • is the space where gas exchange doesnt occur
  • is approximately 140ml
  • is approximately 500ml
  • is about 61.min-1

Frage 29

Frage
the residual volume (RV) is
Antworten
  • the volume of air, which remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
  • the volume of air, which remains in the lungs after maximal inspiration
  • is about 2-3l
  • is the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume
  • a component of the vital capacity (VC)

Frage 30

Frage
which of the following factors shifts the dissociation curve of HbO2 to the right
Antworten
  • increased pCO2
  • decreased pCO2
  • decreased pO2
  • increased pO2
  • increased pH

Frage 31

Frage
it is not true that vital capacity (VC)
Antworten
  • is a sum of ERV + TV + IRV
  • depends on sex and age
  • depends on chest measurement
  • is a sum of IC + ERV
  • is a sum of TV + ERV + RV

Frage 32

Frage
there are smooth muscles in the respiratory system
Antworten
  • on the external surface of the lungs
  • on the medial surface of the lungs
  • in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
  • around the alveoli
  • on the external and medial surfaces of the lungs

Frage 33

Frage
it is true that the air in the alveoli
Antworten
  • has a higher CO2 content than the atmosphere
  • has lower O2 content than in the atmosphere
  • consists of N2 approximately equal to that in the atmosphere
  • has the same components as the atmosphere
  • a, b and c

Frage 34

Frage
the elastic fibers in the lungs are situated
Antworten
  • around the alveoli
  • around the terminal branches of the bronchi
  • on the external and the medial surface of the lungs
  • a and b
  • all of the above

Frage 35

Frage
the peripheral chemoreceptors are situated
Antworten
  • on the ventral surface of medulla oblongata
  • on the dorsal surface of medulla oblongata
  • in arcus aortae and arteria carotis communis
  • in the inferior and superior vena cavae and the right atrium
  • in the hypothalamus

Frage 36

Frage
which of the following compounds doesnt take part in the transport of CO2 under physiological conditions
Antworten
  • carbamino Hb
  • carboxi Hb
  • NaHCO3
  • physically dissolved in fluids
  • carbamino Hb and physically dissolved in the fluids

Frage 37

Frage
which of the following factors increases the rate of breathing
Antworten
  • decreased pCO2
  • increased pO2
  • alkalosis
  • decreased pCO2 and increased pO2
  • increased pCO2 and decreased pO2

Frage 38

Frage
the ventilation/ perfusion (V/Q) ratio of 0.8 refers to
Antworten
  • the upper parts of the lungs in upright position
  • the middle parts of the lungs in upright position
  • the lower parts of the lungs in upright position
  • in all parts of the lungs in supine position
  • b and d

Frage 39

Frage
which of the following does not happen during inspiration
Antworten
  • the ribs move upward
  • the diaphragm lifts up
  • the anterior-posterior dimensions of the chest are increased
  • the transverse dimensions of the thorax are increased
  • the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles can be recruited for inspiration

Frage 40

Frage
total lung capacity (TLC) of men would normally be about
Antworten
  • 4200ml
  • 1500ml
  • 6000ml
  • 8000ml
  • 10000ml

Frage 41

Frage
oxygen enters the cell via
Antworten
  • diffusion
  • filtration
  • osmosis
  • active transport
  • passive transport

Frage 42

Frage
most of the carbon dioxide produced by tissues is transported to the lungs as
Antworten
  • small gas bubbles in the plasma
  • gas bound to hemoglobin in the red blood cells
  • bicarbonates in the plasma
  • gas bound to white blood cells and albumin
  • gas transported through the lymphatic system

Frage 43

Frage
the need to breathe is caused by
Antworten
  • a drop in blood pH
  • a rise in blood pH
  • a drop in blood oxygen levels
  • a drop in carbon dioxide levels
  • none of the above

Frage 44

Frage
where does gas exchange take place
Antworten
  • bronchioles
  • bronchi
  • pulmonary capillaries
  • roots of the lungs
  • trachea

Frage 45

Frage
the surfactant
Antworten
  • makes expiration difficult
  • reduces the surface tension of the water layer within alveoli
  • relaxes the bronchi
  • increases in concentration when the sympathetic tone is increased
  • in increased concentration causes oedema

Frage 46

Frage
hemoglobin gives up oxygen when the environment is more
Antworten
  • acidic
  • alkaline
  • icy
  • open
  • none of the above

Frage 47

Frage
acidosis is when blood pH is below
Antworten
  • 7.05
  • 7.15
  • 7.25
  • 7.35
  • 6.50

Frage 48

Frage
the bronchodilatory effect of atropin is due to blocking
Antworten
  • N-cholinergic receptors
  • M-cholinergic receptors
  • alpha-cholinergic receptors
  • beta-cholinergic receptors
  • H1- receptors

Frage 49

Frage
the carotid bodies
Antworten
  • are stretch receptors in the walls of the internal carotid arteries
  • have a blood flow per unit volume similar to that in the brain
  • are influenced by the blood temperature
  • generate less afferent impulses when blood H+ concentration rises
  • and the aortic bodies are mainly responsible for the increased ventilation in hypoxia

Frage 50

Frage
pulmonary surfactant increases
Antworten
  • the surface tension of the fluid lining alveolar walls
  • lung complaince
  • in effectiveness as the lungs are inflated
  • in amount when pulmonary blood flow is interrupted
  • the airflow resistance in bronchi

Frage 51

Frage
the hemoreceptors in the carotid artery and aortic arc are excited when
Antworten
  • pCO2 in plasma is decreased
  • plasma pH is increased
  • pO2 in plasma is increased
  • pO2 in plasma is decreased
  • tO is increased

Frage 52

Frage
during inspiration
Antworten
  • intrapleural pressure is lowest at mid-inspiration
  • intrapulmonary pressure is lowest around mid-inspiration
  • intraoesophageal pressure is lowest at mid-inspiration
  • the rate of air flow is greatest at end-inspiration
  • the lung volume/intrapleural pressure relationship is the same as in expiration

Frage 53

Frage
the bronchial muscles relax under the influence of
Antworten
  • increased parasympathetic tone
  • acetylcholine
  • histamine
  • atropin
  • none of the above

Frage 54

Frage
in the lungs
Antworten
  • the rate of alveolar ventilation at rest exceeds the rate of alveolar capillary perfusion
  • the ventilation/ perfusion (V/Q) ratio in less 0.6 during maximal exercise
  • the V/Q ratio is higher at the apex than at the base of the lungs when a person is standing
  • oxygen transfer can be explained by active transport
  • dead space decreases during inspiration

Frage 55

Frage
bronchial smooth muscle contracts in response to
Antworten
  • bronchial mucosal irritation
  • local beta adrenoceptor stimulation
  • a fall in bronchial pO2
  • inhalation of air warmed to 37C
  • circulating noradrenaline

Frage 56

Frage
which of the following factors stimulate respiration
Antworten
  • decrease pCO2
  • increased pO2
  • alkalosis
  • decreased pCO2, increased pO2 alkalosis
  • increased pCO2, decreased pO2, alkalosis

Frage 57

Frage
CO2 is transported basically as
Antworten
  • bicarbonates
  • carbhemoglobin
  • physically dissolved
  • connected to plasma proteins
  • connected to the hem of Hb

Frage 58

Frage
during inspiration
Antworten
  • venous return to the heart is increased
  • less energy is expended than during expiration
  • lung expansion is assisted by surface tension forces in the alveoli
  • lung expansion begins when intrapleural pressure falls below atmospheric
  • the relative concentration of surfactant increases in alveoli

Frage 59

Frage
the residual volume (RV) is
Antworten
  • the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of an expiration
  • greater on average in women than in men
  • 3-4 liters on average in young adults
  • measured directly using a spirometer
  • smaller in old than in young people

Frage 60

Frage
a rise in arterial pCO2 causes
Antworten
  • an increase in ventilation due to stimulation of peripheral and central chemoreceptors
  • a decrease in ventilation due to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors
  • a decrease in arterial pressure
  • a decrease in cerebral blood flow
  • a decrease in the plasma bicarbonate level

Frage 61

Frage
ventilation is increased during
Antworten
  • periods when cerebrospinal fluid pH is reduced
  • compensated chronic renal failure
  • periods when plasma bicarbonate level is increased
  • deep sleep
  • exercise because of the ensuing fall in arterial pO2

Frage 62

Frage
pulmonary
Antworten
  • arterial mean pressure is about one-sixth of systemic mean arterial pressure
  • blood flow/minute is greater then the systemic blood flow/minute
  • vascular resistance is about 50 per cent that of systemic vascular resistence
  • vascular capacity is similar to systemic vascular capacity
  • arterial pressure increases by about 50 per cent when cardiac output rises by 50 per cent

Frage 63

Frage
carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in
Antworten
  • combination with the myoglobin molecule
  • combination with plasma globulins
  • physical solution in red blood cells
  • greater quantity in red blood cells than in plasma
  • greater quantity as HCO3- than as other forms

Frage 64

Frage
a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the right
Antworten
  • occurs in the pulmonary capillaries
  • occurs if blood temperature decreases
  • favours oxygen delivery to the tissues
  • favours oxygen uptake from the lungs by alveolar capillary blood
  • occurs if the pH of the blood increases

Frage 65

Frage
the compliance of the lungs and chest wall is
Antworten
  • expressed as volume change per unit change in pressure
  • minimal during quiet breathing
  • increased by the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli
  • decreased by surfactant
  • changed by parallel displacement of the line relating lung volume to distending pressure

Frage 66

Frage
respiratory dead space
Antworten
  • includes the volume of air in the airways up to the terminal bronchi
  • is where the gas exchange occur
  • is about 360ml
  • makes great changes in O2 and CO2 contain in alveolar air
  • includes the volume of air which reaches the alveoli

Frage 67

Frage
the correct statement is
Antworten
  • the diffusion velocity of O2 and CO2 is equal
  • O2 diffuses 20 times faster than CO2
  • CO2 diffuses with 20 times higher velocity than CO2
  • the diffusion velocity of O2 is higher than that of CO2 when the concentration of O2 is increased
  • the diffusion velocity doesn't depend on cellular membrane permeability

Frage 68

Frage
oxygen debt is
Antworten
  • the amount of O2 consumed after cessation of exercise
  • incurred because the pulmonary capillary walls limit O2 uptake during exercise
  • possible since skeletal muscle can function temporarily without oxygen
  • associated with a decrease in blood lactate
  • associated with metabolic alkalosis

Frage 69

Frage
the CO2 dissociation curve for whole blood shows that
Antworten
  • its shape is sigmoid
  • blood saturates with CO2 when pCO2 exceeds normal alveolar levels
  • blood contains some CO2 even when the pCO2 is zero
  • oxygenation of the blood drives CO2 out of the blood
  • adding CO2 to the blood drives O2 out of the blood

Frage 70

Frage
bronchial asthma is likely to be relieved by
Antworten
  • stimulation of cholinergic receptors
  • stimulation of beta adrenoreceptors
  • histamine aerosols
  • non steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs
  • mineralcorticoids

Frage 71

Frage
air in the pleural cavity (pneumothorax)
Antworten
  • allows intrapleural pressure to rise and become equal to the atmospheric pressure
  • causes the underlying to collapse by compressing it
  • increases the functional residual capacity
  • leads to a slight inward movement of the chest wall
  • increases the vital capacity

Frage 72

Frage
loss of pulmonary elastic tissue in 'emphysema' reduces
Antworten
  • physiological dead space
  • the surfactant
  • residual volume
  • vital capacity
  • the intrapleural pressure

Frage 73

Frage
complete obstruction of a major bronchus usually results in
Antworten
  • collapse of the alveoli supplied by the bronchus
  • a rise in local intrapleural pressure
  • an increase in physiological dead space
  • an increase in blood flow to the lung tissue supplied by the bronchus
  • cyanosis

Frage 74

Frage
a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve of blood to the left
Antworten
  • decreases the O2 content of blood at a given pO2
  • impairs O2 delivery to the tissues at the normal tissue pO2
  • occurs in blood perfusing hot extremities
  • occurs in blood with lower pH than with higher pH
  • is characteristic of adult blood when compared with fetal blood

Frage 75

Frage
a diver breathing air at depth of 30 metres under water
Antworten
  • is exposed to a pressure equal to the surface
  • has a raised pressure of nitrogen in the alveoli
  • has a four fold increase in the oxygen content of blood
  • has a four fold increase in alveolar water vapour pressure
  • expends less energy than normal on the work of breathing

Frage 76

Frage
cyanosis
Antworten
  • may be caused by high levels of carboxyhaemoglobin in the blood
  • may be caused by high levels of methaemoglobin in the blood
  • is seen in fingers of hands immersed in iced water
  • occurs more easily in anaemic than in polycythaemic patients
  • is severe in cyanide poisoning

Frage 77

Frage
histamine affects the bronchial muscles via
Antworten
  • H1-receptors
  • H2 receptors
  • M-holinergic receptors
  • N-holinergic receptors
  • alpha-adrenergic receptors

Frage 78

Frage
coughing
Antworten
  • is reflexly initiated by irritation of the alveoli
  • is associated with relaxation of airways smooth muscles
  • depends on contraction of the diaphragm for expulsion of air
  • differs from sneezing in that the glottis is initially closed
  • is equivalent of sneezing

Frage 79

Frage
the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the bronchial muscles via
Antworten
  • beta 2 adrenergic receptors
  • alpha 2 adrenergic receptors
  • M1 cholinergic receptors
  • N cholinergic receptors
  • none of the above

Frage 80

Frage
a 50% fall in the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in each of lungs would
Antworten
  • lower systemic arterial oxygen content
  • has no effect on the O2 in systemic circulation
  • increase the physiological dead space
  • lower systemic arterial carbon dioxide content
  • be compensated (with respect to oxygen uptake) by a high ratio in the other lung

Frage 81

Frage
the total amount of O2 carried by the circulation to the tissues/min. (oxygen delivery or total available oxygen)
Antworten
  • normally equals the rate of O2 consumption by the body/min
  • is normally more than 95% combined with haemoglobin
  • must fall by about half if haemoglobin concentration is halved
  • is more closely related to PO2 than to percentage saturation of the blood with O2
  • must double if body oxygen consumption doubles

Frage 82

Frage
for air to enter the lungs during inspiration
Antworten
  • the pressure inside the lungs must be higher than the atmospheric pressure
  • the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure
  • the pressure inside the lungs must be equal to the atmospheric pressure
  • the diaphragm must be relaxed
  • the external intercostal muscles be relaxed

Frage 83

Frage
given: Co2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> HCO3- + H+, what happens if bicarbonate ions are increased
Antworten
  • more carbon monoxide produced
  • more bicarbonate ions produced
  • an increase in protons
  • there would be a shift to the left
  • there would be a shift to the right first, then to the left

Frage 84

Frage
the values (mmHg) for pCO2 and pO2 in the interstitial spaces of peripheral tissues are approximately
Antworten
  • 60;40
  • 40;60
  • 46;40
  • 66;46
  • 46;100

Frage 85

Frage
if forcefully exhaling as much air as possible after a normal breath, this is
Antworten
  • tidal volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
  • maximum expiratory flow rate
  • eupnea
  • inspiratory reserve volume

Frage 86

Frage
which of the following reactions takes place in the systemic capillaries (where CO2 is higher and O2 is lower)?
Antworten
  • Hb + O2 -> HbO2
  • Hb + CO2 -> HbCO2
  • HbCO2 -> Hb + CO2
  • H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+
  • Na+ + HCO3- -> NaHCO3

Frage 87

Frage
water molecules on the surface of the alveoli generate surface tension. This force
Antworten
  • inhibits alveolar collapse
  • assists pulmonary compliance
  • assists elastic recoil
  • resists elastic recoil
  • impairs gas exchange

Frage 88

Frage
what does the ventral respiratory group within the medulla oblongata do
Antworten
  • triggers inspiration
  • decreased ventilation rate
  • nothing
  • triggers forced breathing
  • inhibits apneustic center, sets limit to over inflation of lungs

Frage 89

Frage
the region in the brain that sets the limit for over-inflation of lungs is located in the
Antworten
  • pons
  • apneustic center
  • arterial blood chemistry
  • medulla oblongata
  • stretch receptors

Frage 90

Frage
in caissons disease pain in the joints and muscles is due to
Antworten
  • formation of N2 bubbles
  • formation of CO2 bubbles
  • due to fatigue
  • due to increase in barometric pressure
  • formation of O2 bubbles

Frage 91

Frage
normal value of FEV in an adult is
Antworten
  • 95%
  • 80%
  • 65%
  • 50%
  • 40%

Frage 92

Frage
the most important gas maintaining alveolar ventilation is
Antworten
  • oxygen
  • hydrogen
  • carbon dioxide
  • N2
  • CO

Frage 93

Frage
intrapleural pressure
Antworten
  • is higher than the atmospheric pressure one as in inspiration
  • is lower than the atmospheric one as in inspiration
  • is equal to the atmospheric one
  • does not depend on the water molecules
  • does not change when pleural cavity hermeticity is inpaired

Frage 94

Frage
as one ascends to higher than 3000 meters above sea level changes in alveolar pO2 and pCO2 are as follows
Antworten
  • decrease in pO2, increase in pCO2
  • decrease in pO2, decrease in pCO2
  • increase in both pO2 and pCO2
  • increase in pO2, decrease in pCO2
  • no change in pO2 and pCO2

Frage 95

Frage
surfactant is secreted by
Antworten
  • type 2 pneumatocytes
  • type 1 pneumatocytes
  • goblet cells
  • pulmonary vessels
  • bronchial smooth muscle cells

Frage 96

Frage
which of the following effects is not observed during prolonged stay is space
Antworten
  • decrease in blood volume
  • decrease in muscle strength
  • increase in red cell mass
  • loss of bone mass
  • osteoporosis

Frage 97

Frage
airway resistance
Antworten
  • increases in asthma
  • decreases in emphysema
  • increases in paraplegic patients
  • does not affect work of breathing
  • decreases in asthma

Frage 98

Frage
decrease of pCO2 decrease in H+ and increased pO2 causes
Antworten
  • hyperventilation
  • hypoventilation
  • hypercapnoea
  • hypoxia
  • none of the above

Frage 99

Frage
the intrapleural pressure at the end of deep inspiration is
Antworten
  • -4mmHg
  • +4mmHg
  • -6mmHg
  • +6mmHg
  • -10mmHg

Frage 100

Frage
exercise which doubles the metabolic rate is likely to at least double the
Antworten
  • oxygen consumption
  • cardiac output
  • stroke volume
  • arterial pCO2
  • ventilation/ perfusion ratio

Frage 101

Frage
sudden complete obstruction of the respiratory tract causes
Antworten
  • a fall in blood pressure
  • stimulation of central chemoreceptors
  • cyanosis
  • increased breathing
  • constriction of the pupils

Frage 102

Frage
the effects of moving from sea level to an altitude of 5000 metres include an increase in
Antworten
  • alveolar ventilation
  • blood bicarbonate level
  • appetite for food
  • exercise tolerance
  • muscle strength

Frage 103

Frage
which of the following factors decrease the affinity of Hb to O2 in tissues
Antworten
  • decreased pCO2
  • decreased pCO2 and lowered pH
  • lowered tO
  • increased pCO2 and lowered pH
  • decreased pCO2, higher pH and lowered tO

Frage 104

Frage
the bronchial muscles increase their tone under the influence of
Antworten
  • adrenaline
  • noradrenaline
  • histamine
  • atropin
  • curare

Frage 105

Frage
the bronchial muscles dilate under the influence of
Antworten
  • cateholamines
  • acetylcholine
  • histamine
  • bradikinine
  • serotonin

Frage 106

Frage
the pulmonary ventilation is a process that includes
Antworten
  • only expiration
  • only inspiration
  • inspiration and expiration
  • exchange of O2 and CO2 via the capillary walls
  • transport of O2 and CO2 via blood

Frage 107

Frage
during inspiration
Antworten
  • the water surface tension in alveoli decreases
  • the chest volume decreases and the diaphragm goes up
  • the tidal volume decreases
  • alveolar pressure increases
  • intrapleural pressure decreases

Frage 108

Frage
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the capillary blood and the cells is carried out by
Antworten
  • osmosis
  • diffusion
  • filtration
  • transport across pores
  • reabsorbtion
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