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Quiz von Vincent Voltaire, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Vincent Voltaire
vor mehr als 4 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which cells in the nervous system do most of the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information?
Antworten
-
neurons
-
glial cells
-
axons
-
dendrites
Frage 2
Frage
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the structure and function of all neurons in your central nervous system?
Antworten
-
All neurons contain a cell body and an axon, and may have other structures.
-
All neurons receive information via one or more dendrites and send information via one or more axons.
-
All neurons synapse onto another neuron in order to transmit an electrical signal.
-
All neurons receive and send information.
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons?
Antworten
-
integrating information
-
generating information
-
transmitting information
-
receiving information
Frage 4
Frage
What are three basic components of most neurons?
Antworten
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vesicles, terminal buttons, synapses
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myelin, nodes, axon terminals
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cell body, axon, dendrites
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hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
Frage 5
Frage
Which neuronal structures are analogous to branches on a tree?
Antworten
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dendrites
-
axons
-
nuclei
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cell bodies
Frage 6
Frage
On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends
neurochemical information to other neurons?
Antworten
-
Dendrites receive; axons send.
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Axons send; synapses receive.
-
Dendrites receive; synapses send.
-
Axons receive; dendrites send.
Frage 7
Frage
In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the
keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?
Antworten
-
axon
-
soma
-
dendrite
-
terminal button
Frage 8
Frage
Emma has a disorder that includes degeneration of myelin sheaths in her nervous system. Which of the following disorders does Emma most likely have?
Antworten
-
Alzheimer’s disease
-
multiple sclerosis
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Broca’s aphasia
-
Parkinson’s disease
Frage 9
Frage
Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?
Antworten
-
unmyelinated dendrites
-
myelinated axons
-
shorter axons
-
multiple dendrites
Frage 10
Frage
When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer.
In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?
Antworten
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synapse
-
soma
-
terminal button
-
axon
Frage 11
Frage
When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or
else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal
equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?
Antworten
-
synapse
-
soma
-
terminal button
-
axon
Frage 12
Frage
Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?
Antworten
-
neuromodulators
-
dendrites
-
myelin sheaths
-
terminal buttons
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?
Antworten
-
dendrites to axon to soma
-
axon to glia to dendrites
-
glia to dendrites to axon
-
dendrites to soma to axon
Frage 14
Frage
What are the cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons?
Antworten
-
synapses
-
sheaths
-
glia
-
soma
Frage 15
Frage
What is the primary role of glial cells?
Antworten
-
They form the primary components of the spinal cord.
-
They provide support for neurons.
-
They release neurotransmitters.
-
They release neuromodulators.
Frage 16
Frage
What would happen if you were to lose all of your glial cells?
Antworten
-
There would be no change in functioning, because neurons are the cells that are important for transmission of information within the nervous system.
-
One hemisphere could not send information to the other hemisphere.
-
Your neurons would no longer have a normal chemical environment, and there would be problems with efficient neurotransmission.
-
You would no longer be able to send neurotransmitters from one cell to another.
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following is a characteristic of both sodium and potassium ions?
Antworten
-
They carry a negative charge.
-
They are concentrated inside the neuron’s cell body.
-
They carry a positive charge.
-
They are capable of changing their potentials.
Frage 18
Frage
What do we call the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information?
Antworten
-
resting potential
-
action potential
-
post-synaptic potential
-
inhibitory potential
Frage 19
Frage
When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that
exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?
Antworten
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–700 millivolts
-
–70 millivolts
-
+70 millivolts
-
+700 millivolts
Frage 20
Frage
Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of
Bradley’s motor neurons?
Antworten
-
They have a voltage of +70 millivolts.
-
They have a voltage of –70 millivolts.
-
They are in a relative refractory period.
-
They are in an absolute refractory period.
Frage 21
Frage
When the sodium channels of a neuron open, allowing sodium ions to flow inside, which of the following is most
likely to happen next?
Antworten
-
a resting potential
-
an action potential
-
a refractory period
-
reuptake
Frage 22
Frage
What is an action potential?
Antworten
-
an electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron
-
the small gap that exists between adjacent neurons
-
the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information
-
the release of neurotransmitters
Frage 23
Frage
Tracey became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly
reduced. What would we expect to occur if enough sodium was lost?
Antworten
-
Her nervous system would become highly activated, and action potentials would be generated continuously.
-
More neurotransmitters would be produced in her terminal buttons.
-
Fewer action potentials would occur in her nervous system.
-
Glial cells would start to degenerate and die.
Frage 24
Frage
A neuron just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be
generated. What do we call this brief time increment, when another neural impulse cannot occur?
Antworten
-
resting potential
-
absolute refractory period
-
postsynaptic discharge
-
all-or-none period
Frage 25
Frage
What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?
Antworten
-
relative threshold period
-
transduction interval
-
absolute refractory period
-
synaptic interval
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following is known about action potentials?
Antworten
-
They travel more slowly if the incoming stimulation is less intense.
-
They are stronger when the incoming stimulation is more intense.
-
They are generated in an all-or-none fashion.
-
They are seldom strong enough to reach the terminal buttons.
Frage 27
Frage
What is the typical speed of an action potential?
Antworten
-
at least 600 kilometres/hour
-
up to 300 kilometres/hour
-
approximately the speed of light (300,000 kilometres/second)
-
approximately the speed of sound (1236 kilometres/hour)
Frage 28
Frage
Sara is holding Scott’s hand during a scary movie. Suddenly she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does
this, what will the nerves in Scott’s hand do?
Antworten
-
release more GABA
-
send larger action potentials to his central nervous system
-
enter an absolute refractory period
-
start to fire at a faster rate
Frage 29
Frage
Fiona puts her hands into a bucket of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a bucket of ice-cold water.
What should we predict about each of their action potentials?
Antworten
-
Only Fiona will experience enough stimulation to trigger an action potential.
-
Luke will have inhibitory action potentials.
-
Their action potentials will differ in rate, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.
-
Their action potentials will differ in size, due to differences in the intensity of the stimuli.
Frage 30
Frage
Peggy smells a very strong odour; Harry smells an odour that is barely detectable. Based on what is known
about neural transmission, what should we predict about each of their action potentials?
Antworten
-
They will be the same size but at different rates.
-
Peggy’s will be excitatory, and Harry’s will be inhibitory.
-
They will be weaker in Harry’s system because the stimulus is less intense.
-
They will be distinguished by the amount of inhibition they exert on synapses.
Frage 31
Frage
What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?
Antworten
-
the transmission gap
-
the midsynaptic potential range
-
the synaptic cleft
-
the neuromodulator
Frage 32
Frage
Where are neurotransmitters stored?
Antworten
-
in the dendrites
-
in the mitochondria
-
in the axon
-
in the synaptic vesicles
Frage 33
Frage
What do synaptic vesicles do?
Antworten
-
They fuse with the postsynaptic cell.
-
They store neurotransmitters.
-
They block receptors.
-
They manufacture myelin.
Frage 34
Frage
What happens when a neurotransmitter is released from a presynaptic neuron, but it does not fit into a suitable
receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron?
Antworten
-
The firing potential of the postsynaptic neuron will not be affected.
-
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential will be generated.
-
A graded potential will be generated.
-
The presynaptic neuron will be inhibited.
Frage 35
Frage
What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?
Antworten
-
the lowering of a drawbridge
-
a key fitting in a lock
-
the pulling of a gun trigger
-
the opening and closing of a window
Frage 36
Frage
What type of electric potential increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire?
Antworten
-
all-or-none potential
-
excitatory postsynaptic potential
-
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
-
a resting potential
Frage 37
Frage
The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –75 millivolts. What caused the change?
Antworten
-
excitatory postsynaptic potential
-
influx of potassium ions
-
influx of sodium ions
-
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Frage 38
Frage
The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –67 millivolts. What will this lead to?
Antworten
-
an absolute refractory period
-
increased likelihood of an action potential
-
decreased likelihood of an action potential
-
a relative refractory period
Frage 39
Frage
What do we call the process of absorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron?
Antworten
-
reuptake
-
neurotransmission
-
graded potential
-
inhibition
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic
transmission?
Antworten
-
binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake
-
synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake
-
synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation
-
release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation
Frage 41
Frage
If a brain has several synapses that are not particularly active, those synapses may be eliminated. What is this process called?
Antworten
-
synaptic pruning
-
inhibition
-
natural selection
-
long-term potentiation
Frage 42
Frage
At what age do humans tend to have the largest number of synapses?
Antworten
-
at birth
-
at 1 year
-
at puberty
-
after physical growth has ended in early adulthood
Frage 43
Frage
According to the Hebbian Learning Rule, if an axon of Cell A is near enough to repeatedly stimulate Cell B (causing it to fire often), then what will happen to Cell B?
Antworten
-
Cell B will eventually stop responding to Cell A.
-
Cell B will merge with Cell A.
-
Cell B will be pruned because it is redundant with Cell A.
-
Cell B will become more likely to fire in response to signals from Cell A.
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles?
Antworten
-
GABA
-
acetylcholine
-
serotonin
-
norepinephrine
Frage 45
Frage
Jeremy is sitting quietly when the voluntary muscles in his left leg begin to twitch. Which neurotransmitter is likely being released?
Antworten
-
serotonin
-
norepinephrine
-
acetylcholine
-
GABA
Frage 46
Frage
When your text states that nicotine functions as an acetylcholine agonist, what does that mean?
Antworten
-
It interacts with acetylcholine to produce a novel effect.
-
It occupies acetylcholine receptor sites, thus blocking the action of the neurotransmitter.
-
It stimulates some acetylcholine synapses.
-
It inhibits some acetylcholine release.
Frage 47
Frage
What does an agonist do?
Antworten
-
It extends the absolute refractory period of neural transmission.
-
It blocks the action of neurotransmitters.
-
It mimics the action of a neurotransmitter.
-
It prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters.
Frage 48
Frage
Curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites. In this context, what is curare?
Antworten
-
a neurotransmitter
-
an agonist
-
a neuromodulator
-
an antagonist
Frage 49
Frage
Dr. Jacoby has just discovered a new drug named Z2W that is an antagonist to acetylcholine. What are some likely side effects of this new drug?
Antworten
-
hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns
-
general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate
-
sleepiness and loss of interest in activities
-
motor and memory problems
Frage 50
Frage
Dr. Ferracane has just discovered a new drug named GL8 that produces side effects such as paralysis and memory loss. Based on this information, how might this drug act on the nervous system?
Antworten
-
as an agonist for GABA
-
as an antagonist for GABA
-
as an antagonist for acetylcholine
-
as an agonist for acetylcholine
Frage 51
Frage
What seems to be a primary cause of Parkinson’s disease?
Antworten
-
degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter
-
degeneration of myelin sheaths
-
antagonistic effects on acetylcholine receptors
-
damage to glial cells
Frage 52
Frage
Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?
Antworten
-
His memory will gradually worsen.
-
He will start to show signs of Parkinson’s disease.
-
His sleep and mood will be disrupted.
-
He will begin to experience symptoms of schizophrenia.
Frage 53
Frage
Which of the following disorders is associated with reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin receptors?
Antworten
-
depression
-
schizophrenia
-
Parkinson’s disease
-
multiple sclerosis
Frage 54
Frage
Julia is currently in the midst of a major depression. Which of the following patterns of neurotransmitter activity is most likely to be associated with her symptoms?
Antworten
-
reduced levels of GABA
-
increased activity at serotonin synapses
-
increased levels of dopamine
-
reduced activity at norepinephrine synapses
Frage 55
Frage
Stuart abuses a drug that is a dopamine agonist. Which of the following is Stuart most likely to experience when he is high?
Antworten
-
deep relaxation
-
hallucinations
-
temporary paralysis
-
excessive anxiety
Frage 56
Frage
Caitlin has taken a drug that has reduced the levels of GABA in her nervous system. What side effect is Caitlin likely to experience?
Antworten
-
motor tics and other involuntary motor movements
-
increased levels of anxiety
-
depression
-
hallucinations
Frage 57
Frage
Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?
Antworten
-
hallucinations and disrupted sleep patterns
-
general stimulation within the body and an increase in heart rate
-
a reduction in pain and a sense of euphoria
-
anxiety reduction and general relaxation
Frage 58
Frage
Which of the following neurotransmitters always has inhibitory effects?
Antworten
-
GABA
-
glutamate
-
acetylcholine
-
norepinephrine
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following neurotransmitters has effects on learning and memory, and on long-term potentiation?
Antworten
-
GABA
-
glutamate
-
acetylcholine
-
norepinephrine
Frage 60
Frage
Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body’s own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate
drugs have?
Antworten
-
They increase anxiety and agitation.
-
They inhibit visual sensations.
-
They produce insomnia.
-
They relieve pain.
Frage 61
Frage
Which of the following neurotransmitters is most similar to the drug heroin?
Antworten
-
acetylcholine
-
dopamine
-
endorphins
-
serotonin
Frage 62
Frage
If you were making a new drug to treat pain, which type of neurotransmitter would you attempt to mimic?
Antworten
-
dopamine
-
monoamines
-
acetylcholine
-
endorphins
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