Astronomy 10 Midterm

Question

Which of the following has your "address" in the correct order?

Answer 1

you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Supercluster, Local Group

Answer 2

you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group, Local Supercluster

Answer 3

you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way, Local Supercluster

Answer 4

you, Earth, Local Group, Local Supercluster, solar system, Milky Way

Answer 5

you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Local Supercluster, Milky Way

Answer 6

an basic unit used in astronomy

Answer 7

the length of time it takes Earth to revolve around the Sun

Answer 8

the average distance from Earth to the Sun

Answer 9

the diameter of Earth's orbit around the Sun

Answer 10

the average speed of Earth around the Sun

Answer 11

100 million

Answer 12

10 billion

Answer 13

100 trillion

Answer 14

100 billion

Answer 15

The "celestial sphere" is just another name for our universe.

Answer 16

The celestial sphere does not exist physically.

Answer 17

Earth is placed at the center of the celestial sphere.

Answer 18

From and location on Earth, we can see only half of the celestial sphere at any one time.

Answer 19

When we look into the sky, the stars all appear to be located on the celestial sphere.

Answer 20

It cuts the dome of your sky exactly in half.

Answer 21

It extends from your horizon due north, through your zenith, to your horizon due south.

Answer 22

It lies along the band of light we call the Milky Way.

Answer 23

It represents an extension of Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere.

Answer 24

It extends from your horizon due east, through your zenith, to your horizon due west.

Answer 25

when the Moon passes in front of the Sun

Answer 26

the Sun's apparent path along the celestial sphere

Answer 27

the Moon's apparent path along the celestial sphere

Answer 28

the Sun's daily path across the sky

Answer 29

the constellations commonly used in astrology to predict the future

Answer 30

a half-circle extending from your horizon due east, through the north celestial pole, to your horizon due west

Answer 31

a half-circle extending from your horizon due east, through your zenith, to your horizon due west

Answer 32

the boundary between the portion of the celestial sphere you can see at any moment and the portion that you cannot see

Answer 33

the point directly over your head

Answer 34

a half-circle extending from your horizon due north, through your zenith, to your horizon due south

Answer 35

a star that is close to the north celestial pole

Answer 36

a star that is visible from the Arctic or Antarctic circles

Answer 37

a star that makes a daily circle around the celestial sphere

Answer 38

a star that is close to the south celestial pole

Answer 39

a star that always remains above your horizon

Answer 40

third-quarter moon

Answer 41

first-quarter moon

Answer 42

waning cresent

Answer 43

first quarter

Answer 44

third quarter

Answer 45

by observing the duration of a solar eclipse

Answer 46

by comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes

Answer 47

by measuring the size of Earth's shadow on the Moon in a lunar eclipse

Answer 48

by sending fleets of ships around Earth

Answer 49

We don't know how he did it since all his writings were destroyed.

Answer 50

between the orbits of Venus and Mars

Answer 51

slightly offset from the center

Answer 52

at the outer edge, beyond Saturn's orbit

Answer 53

at the center

Answer 54

between Earth and the Moon's orbit

Answer 55

Tycho Brahe

Answer 56

Copernicus

Answer 57

Copernicus

Answer 58

Tycho Brahe

Answer 59

Tycho Brahe

Answer 60

It would orbit Earth at a faster velocity

Answer 61

It would travel in a higher orbit around Earth.

Answer 62

It would be in an unstable orbit.

Answer 63

It would travel away from Earth into the solar system.

Answer 64

It would take less time to reach its bound orbit.

Answer 65

also doubles

Answer 66

strengthens by a factor of 4

Answer 67

weakens by a factor of 2

Answer 68

is unaffected

Answer 69

weakens by a factor of 4

Answer 70

not change at all

Answer 71

decrease by a factor of 4

Answer 72

increase by a factor of 4

Answer 73

increase by a factor of 2

Answer 74

decrease by a factor of 2

Answer 75

gravitational potential energy

Answer 76

thermal energy

Answer 77

electric potential energy

Answer 78

mass-energy

Answer 79

kinetic energy

Answer 80

the distance between where the wave is emitted and where it is absorbed.

Answer 81

the distance between two adjacent peaks of the wave.

Answer 82

the distance between a peak of the wave and the next trough.

Answer 83

how strong the wave is.

Answer 84

equal to the speed of the wave times the wave's frequency.

Answer 85

Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy.

Answer 86

Longer wavelength means higher frequency and lower energy.

Answer 87

Longer wavelength means higher frequency and higher energy.

Answer 88

Longer wavelength means lower frequency and higher energy.

Answer 89

There is no simple relationship because different photons travel at different speeds.

Answer 90

infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays, radio

Answer 91

radio, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays

Answer 92

visible light, infrared, X rays, ultraviolet, gamma rays, radio

Answer 93

radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays

Answer 94

gamma rays, X rays, visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, radio

Answer 95

absorbs several photons of a specific frequency.

Answer 96

emits a photon of a specific frequency.

Answer 97

absorbs a photon of a specific frequency.

Answer 98

can absorb a photon of any frequency.

Answer 99

can emit a photon of any frequency.

Answer 100

have wavelengths that are shorter than normal.

Answer 101

have normal wavelengths, but absorption of light makes them appear red.

Answer 102

have wavelengths that are longer than normal.

Answer 103

have a higher intensity in the red part of the spectrum.

Answer 104

always are in the red part of the visible spectrum.

Answer 105

The star is getting hotter.

Answer 106

The star is moving toward us.

Answer 107

The star is moving away from us.

Answer 108

The "star" actually is a planet.

Answer 109

The star is getting colder.

Answer 110

It is a hundred times more massive than Earth.

Answer 111

It is a thousand times more massive than all the planets combined.

Answer 112

It is a thousand times more massive than Earth.

Answer 113

It is a hundred times more massive than all the planets combined.

Answer 114

It is about as massive as all the planets combined.

Answer 115

Jupiter, because it is so big

Answer 116

Venus, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere

Answer 117

Mercury, because it is closest to the Sun

Answer 118

Mars, because of its red color

Answer 119

Mercury, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere

Answer 120

a comet in the Kuiper belt

Answer 121

an asteroid in the asteroid belt

Answer 122

a comet in the Oort cloud

Answer 123

They all have solid, rocky surfaces.

Answer 124

Their orbits are relatively closely spaced.

Answer 125

They have very few, if any, satellites.

Answer 126

They are relatively smaller than the outer planets.

Answer 127

They all have substantial atmospheres.

Answer 128

They are all large balls of gas.

Answer 129

Their orbits are separated by relatively large distances.

Answer 130

They are primarily made of hydrogen and helium.

Answer 131

They all have rings.

Answer 132

They have very few, if any, satellites.

Answer 133

Collisions among planetesimals generated friction and heat.

Answer 134

The shock wave from a nearby supernova heated the gas.

Answer 135

Radiation from other nearby stars that had formed earlier heated the nebula.

Answer 136

Nuclear fusion occurring in the core of the protosun produced energy that heated the nebula.

Answer 137

As the cloud shrank, its gravitational potential energy was converted to kinetic energy and then into thermal energy.

Answer 138

molecules such as methane and ammonia

Answer 139

hydrogen compounds

Answer 140

silicon-based minerals

Answer 141

the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for metals to condense, between the Sun and the present-day orbit of Mercury

Answer 142

the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen compounds to condense into ices, between the present-day orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Answer 143

the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for rocks to condense, between the present-day orbits of Mercury and Venus

Answer 144

the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen and helium to condense, between the present-day orbits of Jupiter and Saturn

Answer 145

the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for asteroids to form, between the present-day orbits of Venus and Earth

Answer 146

They are the shattered remains of collisions between planets.

Answer 147

They are chunks of rock or ice that condensed long after the planets and moons had formed

Answer 148

They are chunks of rock or ice that were expelled from planets by volcanoes.

Answer 149

They are the shattered remains of collisions between moons.

Answer 150

They are leftover planetesimals that never accreted into planets.

Answer 151

A) are found around neutron stars.

Answer 152

B) are more massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.

Answer 153

C) are more massive than Earth and orbit very close to the star.

Answer 154

D) are less massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.

Answer 155

E) are less massive than Earth and orbit very close to the star.

Answer 156

A) Moon, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Answer 157

B) Moon, Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth.

Answer 158

C) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars.

Answer 159

D) Mercury, Moon, Venus, Earth, Mars.

Answer 160

E) Mercury, Moon, Mars, Earth, Venus.

Answer 161

B) the Moon

Answer 162

A) It is too large.

Answer 163

B) It does not have a metallic core.

Answer 164

C) It is too close to the Sun.

Answer 165

D) Its rotation is too slow.

Answer 166

E) It has too thick an atmosphere.

Answer 167

A) size and chemical composition

Answer 168

B) distance from the Sun and atmosphere

Answer 169

C) size and atmosphere

Answer 170

D) composition and distance from the Sun

Answer 171

E) internal temperature and atmosphere

Answer 172

A) 10 times larger

Answer 173

B) 10-20 percent larger

Answer 174

C) 100 times larger

Answer 175

D) 1,000 times larger

Answer 176

E) the same size

Answer 177

A) were formed by impacts that occurred after those that formed most of the craters in the lunar highlands.

Answer 178

B) were formed by impacts that occurred before those that formed most of the craters in the lunar highlands.

Answer 179

C) are sinkholes that formed when sections of the maria collapsed.

Answer 180

D) are volcanic in origin, rather than from impacts.

Answer 181

E) were created by the same large impactor that led to the formation of the maria.

Answer 182

A) the Caloris Basin was formed by a volcano.

Answer 183

B) Mercury's atmosphere prevented smaller objects from hitting the surface.

Answer 184

C) the Caloris Basin formed toward the end of the solar system's period of heavy bombardment.

Answer 185

D) only very large impactors hit Mercury's surface in the past.

Answer 186

E) erosion destroyed the smaller craters that formed on the basin.

Answer 187

A) shield volcano on Venus.

Answer 188

B) large lava plain on the Moon.

Answer 189

C) shield volcano on Mars.

Answer 190

D) stratovolcano on the Moon.

Answer 191

E) stratovolcano on Mercury.

Answer 192

A) It has a slow rotation.

Answer 193

B) It is so close to the Sun.

Answer 194

C) It has a large amount of greenhouse gases in its atmosphere.

Answer 195

D) It has a high level of volcanic activity.

Answer 196

E) It has no cooling effects from oceans.

Answer 197

A) the Moon

Answer 198

A) Its rotation axis is not tilted.

Answer 199

B) It is too close to the Sun.

Answer 200

C) It does not have an ozone layer.

Answer 201

D) It does not rotate fast enough.

Answer 202

E) all of the above

Answer 203

A) in its polar caps and subsurface ground ice

Answer 204

B) distributed evenly throughout its atmosphere

Answer 205

C) in deep underground deposits

Answer 206

D) frozen on the peaks of its tall volcanoes

Answer 207

E) in its clouds

Answer 208

A) It is the same size and mass.

Answer 209

B) It is about the same size but is 10 times more massive.

Answer 210

C) It is about 10 times larger in size and the same mass.

Answer 211

D) Jupiter doesn't have a core—it is made entirely from hydrogen and helium.

Answer 212

E) It is about 10 times larger both in size and mass.

Answer 213

A) determining its mass from its gravitational pull on a spacecraft, satellite, or planet.

Answer 214

B) looking for brightness variations as it rotates.

Answer 215

C) spectroscopic imaging.

Answer 216

D) radar mapping.

Answer 217

E) comparing its reflectivity to the amount of light it reflects.

Answer 218

A) the place where Jupiter's aurora is most visible

Answer 219

B) a hurricane that comes and goes on Jupiter

Answer 220

C) the place where reddish particles from Io impact Jupiter's surface

Answer 221

D) a large mountain peak poking up above the clouds

Answer 222

E) a long-lived, high-pressure storm

Answer 223

A) all made of rock.

Answer 224

B) hydrogen and helium gas.

Answer 225

C) a mixture of rock and ice, with the ice fraction increasing with distance from Jupiter.

Answer 226

D) all made of ice.

Answer 227

E) a mixture of rock and ice, with the rock fraction increasing with distance from Jupiter.

Answer 228

A) Any craters that existed have been eroded through the strong winds on Io's surface.

Answer 229

B) Io did have impact craters but they have all been buried in lava flows.

Answer 230

C) Jupiter's strong gravity attracted the planetesimals more strongly than Io and thus none landed on its surface.

Answer 231

D) It is too small to have been bombarded by planetesimals in the early solar system.

Answer 232

E) Io's thick atmosphere obscures the view of the craters.

Answer 233

D) Ganymede

Answer 234

A) a few tens of thousands of kilometers

Answer 235

B) a few tens of meters

Answer 236

C) a few million kilometers

Answer 237

D) a few kilometers

Answer 238

E) a few hundred kilometers

Answer 239

A) 10 thousand km

Answer 240

B) 1 million km

Answer 241

C) 10 million km

Answer 242

D) 100 thousand km

Answer 243

E) 1 thousand km

Answer 244

A) There was too much rocky material to form a terrestrial planet, but not enough gaseous material to form a jovian planet.

Answer 245

B) There was not enough material in this part of the solar nebula to form a planet.

Answer 246

C) Gravitational tugs from Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet.

Answer 247

D) The temperature in this portion of the solar nebula was just right to prevent rock from sticking together.

Answer 248

E) A planet once formed here, but it was broken apart by a catastrophic collision.

Answer 249

A) meteorite

Answer 250

B) solar system debris

Answer 251

C) cometary fragment

Answer 252

D) meteoroid

Answer 253

A) discovered it.

Answer 254

B) was the most famous astronomer in England during its appearance.

Answer 255

C) calculated its orbit and predicted that it would return in 1758.

Answer 256

D) was the first to see it in 1682.

Answer 257

E) was the first to publish pictures of it and report it to the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

Answer 258

A) the nucleus

Answer 259

B) the jets of gas

Answer 260

C) the dust tail

Answer 261

D) the coma

Answer 262

E) the plasma tail

Answer 263

A) composed of iron.

Answer 264

B) at the same temperature and density as the surface.

Answer 265

C) at the same temperature but denser than the surface.

Answer 266

D) hotter and denser than the surface.

Answer 267

E) constantly rising to the surface through convection.

Answer 268

A) the strong force and gravity

Answer 269

B) outward pressure and the strong force

Answer 270

C) the electromagnetic force and gravity

Answer 271

D) outward pressure and gravity

Answer 272

E) the strong force and kinetic energy

Answer 273

A) 10,000 K

Answer 274

B) 1,000 K

Answer 275

C) 1 million K

Answer 276

D) 6,000 K

Answer 277

E) 100,000 K

Answer 278

A) chromosphere

Answer 279

B) convection zone

Answer 280

C) photosphere

Answer 281

E) radiation zone

Answer 282

A) radiation and elements like carbon and nitrogen.

Answer 283

B) radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium.

Answer 284

C) plasma.

Answer 285

D) helium, energy, and neutrinos.

Answer 286

E) hydrogen compounds.

Answer 287

A) the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection

Answer 288

B) another name for the way sunspots look on the surface of the Sun

Answer 289

C) elements in the Sun other than hydrogen and helium

Answer 290

D) lumps of denser material in the Sun

Answer 291

E) dust particles in the Sun that haven't been turned into plasma

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Astronomy 10 Midterm

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