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Microbiology Exam 2

Beschreibung

BY320 Exam 2 multiple choice questions
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
ALL eaukaryotes contain
Antworten
  • mitochondria
  • hydrogenosomes
  • a membrane-enclosed nucleus
  • all of the above

Frage 2

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The endoplasmic reticulum is
Antworten
  • continuous with the Golgi apparatus
  • located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.
  • a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
  • all of the above.

Frage 3

Frage
The Golgi apparatus functions to
Antworten
  • modify and secrete proteins to the external environment
  • sort proteins used within the cell
  • synthesize protiens
  • both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures

Frage 4

Frage
The foraminifera
Antworten
  • are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover
  • have shells known as tests
  • inhabit coastal marine environments
  • are all of the above

Frage 5

Frage
Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?
Antworten
  • Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic
  • Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic

Frage 6

Frage
Diatoms are
Antworten
  • more closely related to slime molds than to algae
  • a type of fungus
  • morphologically symmetric
  • all of the above

Frage 7

Frage
Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?
Antworten
  • euglenoids
  • red algae
  • brown algae
  • green algae

Frage 8

Frage
Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?
Antworten
  • lysosome
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • nucleolus

Frage 9

Frage
What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?
Antworten
  • endosymbiosis
  • sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
  • secondary endosymbiosis
  • none of the above

Frage 10

Frage
The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called
Antworten
  • mitosomes
  • lysosomes
  • stromas
  • cristae

Frage 11

Frage
Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?
Antworten
  • chytrids
  • zygomycetes
  • ciliates
  • cercozoans

Frage 12

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?
Antworten
  • protists
  • red algae
  • fungi
  • viruses

Frage 13

Frage
The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?
Antworten
  • cilia
  • threadlike pseudopodia
  • lobe-shaped pseudopodia
  • flagella

Frage 14

Frage
Agents that kill bacteria are said to be
Antworten
  • bacteriostatic
  • bacteriocidal
  • inhibitory
  • all of the above

Frage 15

Frage
The complete elimination of all microorganisms include viruses is called
Antworten
  • disinfection
  • decontamination
  • sterilization
  • any of the above

Frage 16

Frage
The process by which macromolecules lose their structure and ability to function is called
Antworten
  • thermal death
  • denaturation
  • sterilization
  • none of the above

Frage 17

Frage
UV radiation is antimicrobial, because
Antworten
  • radiation generates magnetic poles that denature the cellular components
  • radiation generates significant amounts of heat within the given cell
  • energy present causes modifications or breaks in the DNA molecules
  • all of the above are true

Frage 18

Frage
Ergosterol inhibitors specifically target
Antworten
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • bacteria
  • eukaryotes

Frage 19

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A ________ filter is most often used to filter sterilize liquids.
Antworten
  • microbistat
  • nucleation track
  • depth
  • membrane

Frage 20

Frage
The action of some bacteriolytic chemical agents can be observed by noting a(n)
Antworten
  • decrease in turbidity of the medium
  • change in the color of the medium
  • increase in the turbidity of the medium
  • change in the surface tension of the medium

Frage 21

Frage
In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the _______ is measured.
Antworten
  • turbidity of the medium
  • diameter of the zone of inhibition
  • distance between the microbial colonies
  • diameter of the individual microbial colonies

Frage 22

Frage
Polyoxins interfere with
Antworten
  • chitin biosynthesis
  • fungal mitosis
  • cell membrane synthesis
  • all of the above

Frage 23

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Of all known antibiotics that have been identified in nature, _________ are clinically useful.
Antworten
  • 8-10%
  • <1%
  • 25-30%
  • 18-20%

Frage 24

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Semisynthetic antibiotics
Antworten
  • are natural antibiotics that have been purified by artificial means
  • have an artificially constructed core that stimulates the production of "natural products"
  • are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory
  • are found in nature, but their rate of production is enhanced in the laboratory

Frage 25

Frage
Important targets of antibiotics in Bacteria are
Antworten
  • DNA replication and transcription elements
  • the cytoplasmic membrane
  • the cell wall
  • all of the above

Frage 26

Frage
At present, the penicillins and the cephalosporins account for ___________ of all the antibiotics produced and used worldwide.
Antworten
  • less than 10%
  • well over 70%
  • over 50%
  • about 25%

Frage 27

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The B-lactam antibiotics
Antworten
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • inhibit plasma membrane synthesis
  • prevent chromosomal replication

Frage 28

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The absorption of _________ by chlorophylls begins the process of _________.
Antworten
  • ATP / autotrophy
  • light energy / photosynthetic energy conservation
  • light quanta / autotrophy
  • ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion

Frage 29

Frage
In photosynthesis NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by
Antworten
  • oxidation reactions
  • reduction reactions
  • both oxidation and reduction reactions
  • neither oxidation nor reduction reactions

Frage 30

Frage
During oxygenic photosynthesis,
Antworten
  • oxygen is produced
  • oxygen functions as a catalyst
  • oxygen is consumed
  • none of the above

Frage 31

Frage
Which statement is TRUE?
Antworten
  • The cytochromes contain iron atoms; chlorophyll contains a magnesium atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • The cytochromes contain magnesium atoms; chlorophyll contains an iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain an iron atom but not magnesium atom
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain magnesium atom but not iron atom

Frage 32

Frage
Carotenoids
Antworten
  • are involved in the capture of light energy
  • function primarily as photoprotective agents
  • are hydrophobic pigments that are present in photosynthetic membranes
  • do all of the above

Frage 33

Frage
The process by which electrons from the quinone pool are forced against the thermodynamic gradient to reduce NAD+ to NADH is called reverse
Antworten
  • electron flow (reverse electron transport)
  • reduction
  • proton motive force
  • energy flow

Frage 34

Frage
The Calvin cycle
Antworten
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Frage 35

Frage
The Calvin cycle
Antworten
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Frage 36

Frage
The Calvin cycle
Antworten
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Frage 37

Frage
The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses
Antworten
  • one of several techniques, all of which require oxygen to be absent in the assay
  • growth tests that add different nitrogen sources into media
  • the acetylene reduction assay that exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase
  • mass spectrometry to observe 15N assimilation

Frage 38

Frage
In most caes, the final product of sulfur oxidation is
Antworten
  • elemental sulfur
  • sulfate
  • hydrogen sulfide
  • thiosulfate

Frage 39

Frage
Ferrous iron oxidation generally occurs in environments with
Antworten
  • alkaline condition
  • little or no light present
  • high oxygen content
  • high H+ concentrations

Frage 40

Frage
The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen
Antworten
  • assimilation
  • reduction
  • oxidation
  • fixation

Frage 41

Frage
The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
Antworten
  • carotenoids
  • phycocyanin
  • chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
  • phycoerythrin

Frage 42

Frage
What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon?
Antworten
  • carbon dioxide
  • organic sources other than glucose
  • inorganic compounds
  • glucuse

Frage 43

Frage
Most protists are motile.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

Frage
The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focuses on pyruvate oxidation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
Because H2 levels in oxic environments are transient, it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the
Antworten
  • chytridiomycetes
  • ascomycetes
  • glomeromycetes
  • zygomycetes

Frage 47

Frage
Peroxisomes
Antworten
  • originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from cytoplasm
  • divide in synchrony with the cell
  • become membrane enclosed
  • do all of the above

Frage 48

Frage
Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls
Antworten
  • resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally
  • resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically
  • resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally
  • do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally

Frage 49

Frage
Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat which type of infection?
Antworten
  • fungal
  • bacterial
  • influenza virus
  • parasitic

Frage 50

Frage
Antimicrobial drugs are often grouped according to
Antworten
  • molecular structure
  • mechanism of action
  • spectrum of antimicrobial activity
  • all of the above

Frage 51

Frage
The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of
Antworten
  • the waxy nature of the cell wall
  • an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane
  • the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself
  • the lattice work found in the glycocalyx

Frage 52

Frage
The thermal death time is the
Antworten
  • dose of radiation necessary for a tenfold reduction in the numbers of selected microorganisms or biological factors
  • time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature
  • time required for a tenfold reduction in the population density at a given temperature
  • measure of the radiation energy output from a source

Frage 53

Frage
Cold sterilization is performed using
Antworten
  • compounds such as ethylene oxide
  • high-pressure chambers
  • exceptionally low temperatures
  • dry ice

Frage 54

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The time required for a tenfold reduction of the variability of a microbial population at a given temperature is called the ______ time.
Antworten
  • temperature-dependent logarithmic death
  • decimal reduction
  • mean sterilization
  • thermal death

Frage 55

Frage
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its
Antworten
  • oxygen requirements
  • carbon source
  • energy source
  • all of the above

Frage 56

Frage
Photosynthesis is most correctly defined as the
Antworten
  • absorption of light energy to produce carbohydrates
  • conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  • conversion of carbohydrates into energy-yielding organic products
  • production of carbohydrates by a plant or plantlike organism

Frage 57

Frage
Oxygenic phototrophs use light to generate
Antworten
  • NADPH
  • ATP
  • organic carbon
  • both ATP and NADPH

Frage 58

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Due to the sensitivity of dinitrogenase reductase, nitrogen fixation is inhibited by
Antworten
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • hydrogen
  • ammonia

Frage 59

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Difinitive proof of N2 fixation is obtained using
Antworten
  • an isotope of nitrogen, 15N, as a tracer
  • spectrophotometry to measure the opacity of possible nitrogen-containing substances
  • electrophoresis to analyze the shifts in nitrogen content
  • gas chromatography to assay for nitrogen uptake

Frage 60

Frage
Plastocyanin is a
Antworten
  • membrane-bound sac found in certain bacteria
  • blue-green bacterium known for its unusual photoreactive complex
  • copper-containing protein in photosystem II that donates electrons to photosystem I
  • photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria

Frage 61

Frage
The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.
Antworten
  • Q
  • S
  • Z
  • E

Frage 62

Frage
Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as
Antworten
  • degenerative plaque
  • dental caries
  • microbial enamel decalcification
  • dental plaque

Frage 63

Frage
Pathogenicity is
Antworten
  • the ability of the hose to inflict damage on the pathogen
  • the ability of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host
  • the ability of the host to resist damage by the pathogen
  • all of the above

Frage 64

Frage
Mucous membranes are frequently coated with a protective liquid called
Antworten
  • mucus
  • epithelial fluid
  • membrane fluid
  • none of the above

Frage 65

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Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in symbiotic relationship called
Antworten
  • parasitism
  • ammensalism
  • mutualism
  • commensalism

Frage 66

Frage
A microbiome contains all
Antworten
  • viable cells in a particular location
  • organisms present in and on the body
  • living organisms present on the skin
  • organisms within the digestive system

Frage 67

Frage
Compared with decontamination, disinfection is
Antworten
  • less aggressive
  • equally aggressive
  • more aggressive
  • either more or less aggressive depending on the situation in question
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