Coronary 1 Practice

Beschreibung

Practice for durham coronary 1 course
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Quiz von romalsp, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The two branches of the left coronary artery are the
Antworten
  • left anterior descending, left posterior descending
  • circumflex, right coronary artery
  • circumflex, left anterior descending
  • left lateral artery, circumflex

Frage 2

Frage
The heart's muscular layer that allows the heart to contract is the
Antworten
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium
  • pericardium

Frage 3

Frage
The chamber that receives blood from the vena cavas is the
Antworten
  • LA
  • RA
  • LV
  • RV

Frage 4

Frage
Atrial kick supplies the ventricles with about ________ blood volume
Antworten
  • 20%
  • 50%
  • 80%
  • 100%

Frage 5

Frage
During ventricular systole, the
Antworten
  • aortic and tricuspid valves close
  • tricuspid and pulmonic valves close
  • mitral and aortic valves open
  • pulmonic and aortic valves open

Frage 6

Frage
The curcumflex artery mostly supplies the
Antworten
  • RA
  • lateral wall of the RV
  • septal wall of the LV
  • lateral wall of the LV

Frage 7

Frage
Cardiac Output equals
Antworten
  • heart rate x stroke volume
  • heart rate x venous pressure
  • heart rate x systemic pressure
  • heart rate x atrial kick

Frage 8

Frage
Vessels that supply the heart's structures with oxygenated blood are the
Antworten
  • pulmonary arteries
  • coronary arteries
  • systemic arteries
  • vena cavas

Frage 9

Frage
Spread of depolarization to the LA travels along
Antworten
  • the internodal tracts
  • the bundle of HIS
  • the L bundle branch
  • Bachmann's bundle

Frage 10

Frage
The right side of the heart pumps blood into the
Antworten
  • pulmonary circulation
  • aorta
  • systemic circulation
  • coronary arteries

Frage 11

Frage
Preload refers to the ventricular stretch
Antworten
  • at the start of atrial systole
  • at the end of atrial diastole
  • at the start of ventricular diastole
  • at the end of ventricular diastole

Frage 12

Frage
Intrinsically, the SA node can normally initiate ______ impulses each minute
Antworten
  • 29-40
  • 40-60
  • 40-80
  • 60-100

Frage 13

Frage
The PMI (point of maximum impulse) is best heard
Antworten
  • at the apex of the heart
  • at the base of the heart
  • over the aortic area
  • over the pulmonic area

Frage 14

Frage
Ventricular depolarization/systole
Antworten
  • propels blood to the atria
  • coincides with atrial systole
  • results from electrical stimulation
  • prevents blood flow into the coronary arteries

Frage 15

Frage
Mitral stenosis can
Antworten
  • increase preload
  • decrease preload
  • increase afterload
  • decreases afterload

Frage 16

Frage
Atrial systole can also be called
Antworten
  • atrial relaxation
  • atrial kick
  • atrial pressure
  • atrial repolarization

Frage 17

Frage
Rupture of a papillary muscle can
Antworten
  • lead to valve regurgitation, thereby affecting SV and CO
  • decreases electrical stimulation
  • occlude a coronary artery
  • ensure electrical impulses conduct regularity

Frage 18

Frage
Which coronary artery supplies the AV node in most people
Antworten
  • the R coronary artery
  • The L coronary artery
  • the LAD artery
  • the circumflex artery

Frage 19

Frage
Fast heart rates can decrease CO because of
Antworten
  • an increase in SV
  • the increased force of contraction
  • the shortened ventricular filling time
  • their relaxing effect on the heart valves

Frage 20

Frage
The conduction system refers to
Antworten
  • the heart's mechanical system
  • the heart's electrical system
  • the AV node's function
  • ventricular contraction

Frage 21

Frage
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
Antworten
  • pulmonary arteries
  • vena cavas
  • pulmonary veins
  • aorta

Frage 22

Frage
The tricuspid valve is located between the
Antworten
  • RA and LA
  • LA and LV
  • RV and LV
  • RA and RV

Frage 23

Frage
Prior to the onset of late ventricular diastole (before atrial systole), the ventricles have
Antworten
  • received about 20% of their blood volume
  • received about 80% of their blood volume
  • filled to full capacity
  • contracted

Frage 24

Frage
The CO can decrease with slow heart rates because
Antworten
  • the SV cannot increase any further
  • of rapid AV conduction
  • of poor LV muscle contraction
  • of valvular dysfunction

Frage 25

Frage
The main property of the AV node is to
Antworten
  • a forward 20% extra blood volume to the ventricles
  • slow impulse conduction velocity/speed
  • ensure a regular rhythm of impulse transmission
  • promote atrial systole

Frage 26

Frage
The cells' ability to initiate impulses is called
Antworten
  • automaticity
  • excitability
  • conductivity
  • contractility

Frage 27

Frage
If the SA node fails, the AV junction can intrinsically generate ____ impulses per minute
Antworten
  • 20-40
  • 40-60
  • 60-80
  • 80-100

Frage 28

Frage
The PMI is located at the
Antworten
  • 2nd R ICS (intercostal space)
  • 2nd L ICS
  • 5th R ICS
  • 5th L ICS

Frage 29

Frage
An S3 can indicate
Antworten
  • an atrial gallop
  • the apical pulse
  • heart failure
  • closure of the mitral valve

Frage 30

Frage
At the aortic area
Antworten
  • S1 is louder than S2
  • S2 is louder than S1
  • S2 cannot be heard
  • S1 and S2 sound the same

Frage 31

Frage
Palpitations can be
Antworten
  • sustained
  • insignificant
  • caused by the use of bronchodilators
  • any of the above

Frage 32

Frage
Pulsus alternans is characterized by
Antworten
  • alternating regular and irregular rhythms
  • alternating strong and weak pulses
  • increased rate with expiration
  • decreased rate with expiration

Frage 33

Frage
Auscultation of the mitral valve is best heard at the
Antworten
  • 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
  • 2nd L ICS, adjacent to the sternum
  • 5th L ICS, medial to the mid-clavicle
  • lower L sternal border

Frage 34

Frage
Acute MI pain can radiate to
Antworten
  • the jaw and neck
  • the left arm
  • the back
  • any of the above

Frage 35

Frage
Unilateral leg edema can signify
Antworten
  • left sided heart failure
  • superior vena cava syndrome
  • venous insufficiency
  • ventricular diastole

Frage 36

Frage
Auscultation of the pulmonic valve is best heard at the
Antworten
  • 2nd R ICS
  • 2nd L ICS
  • 5th R ICS
  • 5th L ICS

Frage 37

Frage
During atrial systole, you might auscultate an
Antworten
  • S1
  • S2
  • S3
  • S4

Frage 38

Frage
Elevated JVP might be visualized in the patient with
Antworten
  • RV MI
  • RVF
  • cor pulmonale
  • any of the above

Frage 39

Frage
During inspection of the chest , the pulsation of the apical pulse is always visible
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
Palpation of a normal pulse strength is documented as
Antworten
  • 1+
  • 2+
  • 3+
  • 4+

Frage 41

Frage
The ____ valve is heard loudest at the 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
Antworten
  • Aortic
  • Pulmonic
  • Tricuspd
  • Mitral

Frage 42

Frage
Which cardiac condition would most likely cause chest pain that eases by sitting up and leaning forward?
Antworten
  • Acute Paricarditis
  • CHF

Frage 43

Frage
A pneumothorax can potentially to displace the PMI
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

Frage
The S1 heart sound
Antworten
  • represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
  • signifies the end of ventricular diastole
  • is heard loudest at the apex
  • all of the above

Frage 45

Frage
The S3 and S4 adventitious heart sounds
Antworten
  • are best heard with the stethoscope's diaphragm
  • can indicate heart failure
  • correspond with ventricular systole
  • all of the above

Frage 46

Frage
To observe the JVP
Antworten
  • turn the patient's head away from the side being examined
  • elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees
  • auscultate the 2nd L ICS
  • ensure dim lighting to distinguish the JVP shadows

Frage 47

Frage
An adventitious heart sound heard during atrial diastole would be
Antworten
  • S1
  • S2
  • S3
  • S4

Frage 48

Frage
When discussing the dorsalis pedis pulse
Antworten
  • palpating the R and L simultaneously is safe
  • it should always be easily palpable in normal adults
  • it is located just below the malleolus
  • its detection requires very deep palpation

Frage 49

Frage
An S4 heart sound
Antworten
  • is called a ventricular gallop
  • is heard during ventricular diastole
  • is heard during atrial diastole
  • occurs before S2

Frage 50

Frage
Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by
Antworten
  • alternating regular and irregular rhythms
  • alternating strong and weak pulses
  • decreased amplitude with expiration
  • decreased amplitude with inspiration

Frage 51

Frage
When listening over the mitral area, S1 is louder than S2
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 52

Frage
Normally, pulsations of the internal jugular veins
Antworten
  • change in response to positioning
  • are visualized at 10cm above the suprasternal notch
  • are noticeable when the patient stands
  • all of the above

Frage 53

Frage
Syncope can be a symptom of
Antworten
  • vasodilatation
  • a slow heart rate
  • excessive vagal activity
  • any of the above

Frage 54

Frage
When documenting a pulse's strength, a weak pulse is
Antworten
  • 0
  • 1+
  • 2+
  • 3+

Frage 55

Frage
In which of the following conditions might the patient's chest heaviness ease if s/he rests?
Antworten
  • acute pericarditis
  • dissecting aneurysm
  • stable angina
  • pulmonary embolism

Frage 56

Frage
Palpating both carotid arteries simultaneously can decrease the HR and produce syncope
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 57

Frage
An irregular pulse is always detected in patients with
Antworten
  • cardiac tamponade
  • MI
  • aortic dissection
  • atrial fibrillation

Frage 58

Frage
In Lead I
Antworten
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Frage 59

Frage
CK elevation will be detected with
Antworten
  • elevated HDLs
  • CVA
  • depolarization
  • decreased CO

Frage 60

Frage
After MI, the following LDH isoenzymes can be expected
Antworten
  • LD1 and LD2 are absent
  • LD1 = LD2
  • LD1 < LD2
  • LD1 > LD2

Frage 61

Frage
Depolarization
Antworten
  • is a state of excitability
  • coincides with discharge of electricity
  • results from ionic activity
  • all of the above

Frage 62

Frage
Oral anticoagulation dosing is determined by assessing the
Antworten
  • CK
  • AST
  • PTT
  • PT or INR

Frage 63

Frage
The normal PR interval measures
Antworten
  • less than 0.12 seconds
  • 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
  • 0.20 to 0.40 seconds
  • more than 0.40 seconds

Frage 64

Frage
The Q wave is the first ____ of a ventricular complex
Antworten
  • first negative deflection
  • first positive deflection
  • second negative deflection
  • second positive deflection

Frage 65

Frage
To calculate an irregular ventricular rate
Antworten
  • divide the # of small boxes between 2 QRSs into 1500
  • divide the # of large boxes between 2 QRSs into 300
  • count the # of QRSs in a 6 second strip, and x 10
  • all of the above

Frage 66

Frage
The QT interval represents the time frame for
Antworten
  • ventricular depolarization to occur
  • ventricular repolarization to occur
  • ventricular depolarization and repolarization to occur

Frage 67

Frage
In lead III
Antworten
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Frage 68

Frage
The cardiac cycle includes
Antworten
  • The P wave
  • the QRS complex
  • the T wave
  • the PQRST

Frage 69

Frage
An MI can be safely diagnosed with the CK-MB result because this isoenzyme
Antworten
  • represents atrial depolarization
  • is specific to cardiac tissue
  • reflects the CO
  • causes the ventricles to contract

Frage 70

Frage
Cholesterol is carried on
Antworten
  • LDL
  • AST
  • PTT
  • myoglobin

Frage 71

Frage
An impulse travelling toward the area where a positive electrode is placed is recorded as
Antworten
  • a positive deflection
  • negative deflection
  • flat line
  • any of the above

Frage 72

Frage
Torsades de Pointes can result from
Antworten
  • short PR intervals
  • long PR intervals
  • short QT intervals
  • long QT intervals

Frage 73

Frage
Normally, the majority of cardiac electrical activity travels to the electrode placed on the
Antworten
  • RA
  • LA
  • Rl
  • LL

Frage 74

Frage
The P wave represents
Antworten
  • atrial depolarization
  • ventricular depolarization
  • ventricular repolarization
  • conduction through the AV node

Frage 75

Frage
The QT interval
Antworten
  • starts at the onset of the QRS complex
  • ends after the T wave
  • should be less than half the R-R interval
  • all of the above

Frage 76

Frage
Prior to obtaining lipid studies
Antworten
  • the CK-MB must be elevated
  • patients must be fasting
  • the INR must be within normal range
  • CO must be satisfactory

Frage 77

Frage
The QRS complex
Antworten
  • should measure more than 0.10 seconds
  • reflects ventricular depolarization
  • always has a Q, an R, and an S wave
  • all of the above

Frage 78

Frage
Heparin dosing is determined by assessing the
Antworten
  • PTT
  • PT
  • INR

Frage 79

Frage
The PR interval is measured from the
Antworten
  • start of the P wave to the start of the QRS
  • start of the P wave to the end of the QRS
  • end of the P wave to the start of the QRS
  • end of the P wave to the end of the QRS

Frage 80

Frage
Which troponins can be evaluated to detect myocardial damage?
Antworten
  • troponins I and C
  • troponins I and T
  • troponins T and C
  • troponins I, T, and C

Frage 81

Frage
Ventricular repolarization is reflected by the
Antworten
  • P wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
  • PR interval

Frage 82

Frage
In lead II
Antworten
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Frage 83

Frage
Six seconds on ECG paper includes
Antworten
  • 15 small boxes
  • 15 large boxes
  • 30 small boxes
  • 30 large boxes

Frage 84

Frage
Which of the following ST segments is abnormal?
Antworten
  • 0.5mm below the baseline
  • 0.5mm above the baseline
  • the iso-electric ST segment
  • 2mm above the baseline

Frage 85

Frage
The normal ventricle requires ____ to contract
Antworten
  • < 0.02 seconds
  • < 0.10 seconds
  • > 0.12 seconds
  • > 0.20 seconds

Frage 86

Frage
The CK begins to elevate ____ after muscle damage
Antworten
  • 4-6 hours
  • 10-15 hours
  • 12-24 hours
  • 24-36 hours

Frage 87

Frage
The patient with a prosthetic mechanical valve, whose INR is 1.2 needs
Antworten
  • to increase his warfarin dosage
  • to decrease his warfarin dosage
  • to maintain his same/usual warfarin dose
  • to withold the next warfarin dose

Frage 88

Frage
In lead II, normal ventricular depolarization produces a
Antworten
  • P wave with a positive deflection
  • P wave with a negative deflection
  • QRS with a positive deflection
  • QRS with a negative deflection

Frage 89

Frage
The normal CK-MB
Antworten
  • varies according to the HDL
  • is less than 5% of the total CK
  • will elevate with cerebral injury

Frage 90

Frage
Spinach and other foods rich in Vitamin K can
Antworten
  • increase the CK and AST
  • decrease the CK and AST
  • increase clotting times
  • decrease clotting times

Frage 91

Frage
Repolarization
Antworten
  • represents a state of excitability
  • is a state of relaxation
  • indicates that the ventricles are contracting
  • is reflective of myocardial damage

Frage 92

Frage
The time reflected between each darkened 'bold' line on ECG paper is
Antworten
  • 0.02 seconds
  • 0.04 seconds
  • 0.12 seconds
  • 0.20 seconds

Frage 93

Frage
The R wave
Antworten
  • is positively deflected
  • indicates that the atria are contracting
  • measures > 0.20 seconds
  • reflects conduction through the AV node

Frage 94

Frage
When QRS complexes occur at intervals with slight variances of < 0.12 seconds
Antworten
  • extra P waves are always seen
  • the ventricles are not depolarizing
  • the rate is always rapid
  • the rhythm is considered regular

Frage 95

Frage
In the heart with a normal conduction system
Antworten
  • extra P waves are seen
  • each P wave is followed by a QRS
  • P waves differ in morphology (appearance)
  • the absence of P waves is expected

Frage 96

Frage
The negatively deflected wave indicates that the impulse
Antworten
  • has not been generated
  • is travelling toward a positive electrode
  • is travelling away from a positive electrode
  • requires stronger electrical current

Frage 97

Frage
U waves
Antworten
  • should deflect in the same direction as the T wave
  • are only 1/4 the height of the T wave
  • may be absent on the normal rhythm strip
  • all of the above

Frage 98

Frage
Colour of RA
Antworten
  • Black
  • Green
  • Brown
  • White
  • Red

Frage 99

Frage
Colour of LA
Antworten
  • black
  • green
  • brown
  • red

Frage 100

Frage
Colour of RL
Antworten
  • red
  • green
  • black
  • white

Frage 101

Frage
Colour of LL
Antworten
  • brown
  • green
  • red
  • black

Frage 102

Frage
Colour of Precordium (V lead)
Antworten
  • red
  • black
  • green
  • brown

Frage 103

Frage
Sinus tachycardia can be caused by
Antworten
  • excessive vagal stimulation
  • beta-blockers, digoxin
  • verapamil, adenosine
  • fever, anxiety, atropine

Frage 104

Frage
Syncope can be a manifestation of any tachycardia because
Antworten
  • the HR is too slow
  • ventricular depolarization does not occur
  • ventricular filling times are shortened
  • vagal activity is excessive

Frage 105

Frage
Carotid sinus massage can lead to
Antworten
  • sinus bradycardia
  • sinus block
  • sinus arrest
  • any of the above

Frage 106

Frage
In atrial flutter
Antworten
  • all atrial impulses always reach the ventricles
  • the AR is always slow
  • the PR interval is not measurable
  • the QRS complexes are always wide

Frage 107

Frage
The initial energy level required to convert PAT is
Antworten
  • 50 joules
  • 100 joules
  • 200 joules
  • 300 joules

Frage 108

Frage
Junctional escape rhythm can deteriorate to
Antworten
  • IVR
  • VT
  • junctional tachycardia
  • any of the above

Frage 109

Frage
The distinguishable features of Wenckebach are
Antworten
  • constant PR interval, AR = VR
  • constant PR interval, AR > VR
  • variable PR interval, AR = VR
  • variable PR interval, AR > VR

Frage 110

Frage
Multifocal PVCs are reflected as
Antworten
  • frequent beats
  • different looking beats
  • beats occurring regularly
  • missing beats

Frage 111

Frage
A regular rhythm with an AR of 110, VR of 110, constant PR interval of 0.12 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Antworten
  • sinus tachycardia
  • PAT
  • atrial fibrillation
  • VT

Frage 112

Frage
The most distinguishable feature of atrial fibrillation is
Antworten
  • a rapid ventricular rate
  • an irregular rhythm
  • variable PR intervals
  • wide QRS complexes

Frage 113

Frage
Lidocaine is often effective in treating ventricular rhythms because it
Antworten
  • enhances ventricular depolarization
  • improves atrial automaticity
  • suppresses ventricular irritability
  • blocks PSNS activity

Frage 114

Frage
A defibrillator should be quickly accessible for the patient in third degree AV block because this block can deteriorate to
Antworten
  • VT
  • Wenckebach
  • IVR
  • sinus bradycardia

Frage 115

Frage
Sinus arrest can be caused by
Antworten
  • atropine
  • excessive SNS stimulation
  • caffeine, nicotine
  • digoxin toxicity

Frage 116

Frage
PAT with an AR of 240 beats/minute would always have
Antworten
  • a slower VR
  • regular rhythm
  • normal PR intervals
  • visible P waves

Frage 117

Frage
In atrial fibrillation, reduced CO can result from
Antworten
  • the rapid SA node rate of impulse formation
  • the irregular ventricular rhythm
  • disorganized, chaotic atrial quivering
  • shortened PR intervals

Frage 118

Frage
Initial shock treatment of pulseless VT is
Antworten
  • cardioversion, starting with 200 joules
  • cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 200 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 300 joules

Frage 119

Frage
The ____ generates impulses in all heart blocks
Antworten
  • SA node
  • atria
  • AV junction
  • ventricles

Frage 120

Frage
Treatment is rarely needed for first degree AV block because
Antworten
  • the CO is usually satisfactory
  • the PR intervals are normal
  • the AV junction is initiating all impulses
  • the ventricles are using their property of automaticity

Frage 121

Frage
The P wave may be difficult to distinguish with a PAC, but the P wave occurs because the ____ depolarize
Antworten
  • Ventricles
  • SA Node
  • Atria
  • AV Node

Frage 122

Frage
Symptoms associated with junctional escape rhythm result from
Antworten
  • shortened ventricular filling time
  • shortened atrial filling time
  • slower heart rate
  • rapid heart rate

Frage 123

Frage
A regular rhythm with an atrial rate of 68, VR of 68, constant PR intervals of 0.28 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Antworten
  • first degree AV block
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • second degree, Mobitz II
  • third degree AV block

Frage 124

Frage
A ventricular rate of less than 100 beats/minute can be seen in
Antworten
  • sinus bradycardia
  • atrial fibrillation
  • Wenckebach
  • all of the above

Frage 125

Frage
The initial energy level required to cardiovert atrial flutter is
Antworten
  • 50 joules
  • 100 joules
  • 200 joules
  • 300 joules

Frage 126

Frage
The P waves in junctional beats and rhythms can
Antworten
  • be inverted
  • be buried/lost in the QRS complexes
  • follow the QRS complexes
  • any of the above

Frage 127

Frage
Decreased CO in AIVR is due to
Antworten
  • loss of atrial kick
  • slow AV conduction
  • the excessively rapid HR
  • rapid AV conduction

Frage 128

Frage
The patient in VF has
Antworten
  • inverted P waves
  • shortened PR intervals
  • normal QRS complexes
  • none of the above

Frage 129

Frage
The PR interval in Mobitz II can be normal or prolonged
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 130

Frage
Treatment for frequent PVCs might include
Antworten
  • verapamil, adenosine, pacemaker
  • carotid sinus massage
  • atropine, epinephrine
  • lidocaine, pronestyl, potassium

Frage 131

Frage
Potential for clot formation in atrial fibrillation is due to
Antworten
  • atrial quivering
  • excessive stimulants
  • increased CO
  • ventricular automaticity

Frage 132

Frage
Atrial and ventricular contractions are not synchronized at all in
Antworten
  • first degree AV block
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • second degree, Mobitz II
  • third degree AV block

Frage 133

Frage
Symptoms of decreased CO can potentially be experienced with
Antworten
  • JT
  • PAT
  • IVR
  • any arrhythmia

Frage 134

Frage
Cells in the AV junction have the property of ____ which allows cells in the AV junction to initiate/generate junctional beats/rhythms
Antworten
  • conduction
  • automaticity
  • regularity
  • electricity

Frage 135

Frage
Repolarization in ventricular beats/rhythms is reflected as T waves that
Antworten
  • are absent
  • deflect in the same direction as the QRS
  • deflect opposite to the QRS deflection
  • are peaked

Frage 136

Frage
VT with a pulse is treated with
Antworten
  • cardioversion, starting with 100 joules
  • cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 100 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 300 joules

Frage 137

Frage
The term SVT can be used to describe
Antworten
  • junctional tachycardia
  • uncontrolled atrial fibrillation
  • PAT
  • any rapid rhythm that originates above the ventricles

Frage 138

Frage
A rhythm with an AR of 86, a VR of 30, variable, erratic PR intervals with no pattern, and QRS complexes measuring 0.14 seconds is
Antworten
  • sinus arrhythmia
  • atrial fibrillation
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • third degree AV block

Frage 139

Frage
The PR intervals cannot be measured in ventricular rhythms because of
Antworten
  • absent atrial depolarization
  • shortened conduction through the AV node
  • decreased CO
  • all of the above

Frage 140

Frage
If a PR interval can be measured in junctional beats/rhythms, it characteristicly measures ____ seconds
Antworten
  • <0.12
  • >0.12
  • <0.08
  • >0.08

Frage 141

Frage
Which patient has the more serious block?
Antworten
  • AR 96, VR 48, constant PR 0.24 seconds, QRS 0.20 seconds
  • AR 80, VR 40, constant PR 0.22 seconds, QRS 0.10 seconds
  • AR 90, VR 45, constant PR 0.26 seconds, QRS 0.08 seconds

Frage 142

Frage
Initial treatment of pulseless VT is
Antworten
  • lidocaine
  • procainamide
  • cardioversion
  • defibrillation

Frage 143

Frage
When each and every impulse from the SA node is blocked at the AV node, the rhythm is
Antworten
  • third degree block
  • junctional escape rhythm
  • atrial fibrillation
  • Mobitz II

Frage 144

Frage
The drug treatment of choice for symptomatic IVR is
Antworten
  • Atropine
  • Lidocaine
  • Epinepherine
  • Adenosine

Frage 145

Frage
Absent P waves in junctional beats/rhythms result from
Antworten
  • rapid atrial depolarization
  • the excessively slow ventricular rate
  • simultaneous atrial and ventricular depolarization
  • atrial contraction that occurs after ventricular contraction

Frage 146

Frage
Decreased CO in VT is due to
Antworten
  • prolonged PR intervals
  • the rapid ventricular rate
  • the AV node's slow rate of impulse conduction
  • rapid atrial depolarization

Frage 147

Frage
In Wenckebach
Antworten
  • P waves occur at regular intervals
  • there are more P waves than QRS complexes
  • P waves are normal and all look the same
  • all of the above

Frage 148

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • sinus arrhythmia
  • sinus bradycardia
  • A Fib

Frage 149

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • Sinus Tachycardia
  • SVT
  • VT
  • VF

Frage 150

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • sinus rhythm
  • First degree AV block
  • A flutter
  • Mobitz !!

Frage 151

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • sinus bradycardia
  • sinus rhythm
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • A Fib

Frage 152

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • Mobitz !I
  • 3rd degree AV block
  • Wenckbach
  • A Fib

Frage 153

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Antworten
  • A Fib
  • Sinus arrhythmia with PJC
  • sinus bradycardia with PJC

Frage 154

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • VT
  • V Fib
  • PEA
  • Conduction problem

Frage 155

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • IVR
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • A Fib
  • 1st degree heart block

Frage 156

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • First degree AV block
  • Sinus rhythm
  • Mobitz !!
  • Passive junctional rhythm

Frage 157

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • V Fib
  • A Fib
  • A Flutter
  • Sinus Tachycardia

Frage 158

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Antworten
  • Normal sinus rhythm with sinus pause
  • 1st degree AV block
  • Mobitz !!
  • IVR

Frage 159

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • Mobitz !!
  • 1st Degree AV block
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • Wenckebach

Frage 160

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • VF
  • VT
  • IVR

Frage 161

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • Mobitz II
  • Junctional
  • IVR

Frage 162

Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
  • NSR with PVC's
  • NSR with PAC's
  • Ventricular Trigeminy
  • Mobitz II

Frage 163

Frage
CAD modifiable risk factors include
Antworten
  • smoking, diet
  • gender, age
  • exercise, genetics
  • diet, race

Frage 164

Frage
Occlusion of the LAD artery would result in
Antworten
  • lateral wall MI
  • anterior wall MI
  • right atrial MI
  • posterior wall MI

Frage 165

Frage
Which one of the heart's layers is damaged with a non-Q wave MI?
Antworten
  • Mesoderm
  • Endocardium
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium

Frage 166

Frage
With angina and following MI, semi-fowler's position is preferred, to
Antworten
  • reverse the necrotic destruction
  • increase autonomic nervous system activity
  • increase systemic oxygenation through lung expansion
  • reduce the Cardiac Output

Frage 167

Frage
Hepatomegaly occurs in RVF because
Antworten
  • the spleen enlarges
  • the liver is necrotic
  • of increased pressure in the hepatic veins
  • of the development of arrhythmias

Frage 168

Frage
Following MI, the zone of injury
Antworten
  • has irreversibly damaged cells
  • is necrotic
  • causes atrial depolarization
  • has jeopardized cell

Frage 169

Frage
The risk of CAD decreases with menopause
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 170

Frage
CAD indicates
Antworten
  • heart failure
  • decreased coronary artery blood flow
  • the presence of arrhythmias
  • MI

Frage 171

Frage
Stable angina pain usually subsides with
Antworten
  • rest, nitroglycerine
  • morphine, oxygen
  • nitroglycerine, morphine
  • morphine, ASA

Frage 172

Frage
Pathological Q waves are
Antworten
  • reflective of tissue ischemia
  • reflective of tissue injury
  • 25% the height of the R waves
  • all of the above

Frage 173

Frage
Decreasing preload in LVF can be accomplished with the use of
Antworten
  • diuretics
  • morphine
  • vasodilators
  • all of the above

Frage 174

Frage
Obese people and patients who rarely exercise are more prone to
Antworten
  • elevated HDL's
  • decreased HDL's

Frage 175

Frage
Cessation of pain following an 'anginal attack' indicates that
Antworten
  • platelets are no longer adhering to the arteries
  • arrhythmias have developed
  • myocardial oxygen needs are met
  • myocardial tissues are fully necrotic

Frage 176

Frage
The LV lateral wall MI is secondary to occlusion of the
Antworten
  • positive artery
  • lateral vein
  • RCA
  • circumflex artery

Frage 177

Frage
The ECG sign of tissue necrosis is
Antworten
  • the development of ventricular rhythms
  • bradycardia
  • pathological Q waves
  • ST segment changes

Frage 178

Frage
Not monitoring the control and balance of systemic fluid can result in
Antworten
  • hyponatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • dehydration
  • any of the above

Frage 179

Frage
HDLs are
Antworten
  • elevated in consumers of moderate amounts of wine
  • metabolized by the liver
  • sometimes called the 'good' lipoprotein
  • all of the above

Frage 180

Frage
Following plaque rupture, the following components begin to adhere to the plaque
Antworten
  • fibrin, thrombin
  • platelets, fibrin
  • thrombin, platelets
  • platelets, thrombin, fibrin

Frage 181

Frage
Chest pain experienced with unstable angina
Antworten
  • is predictable and reproducible
  • is always relieved with nitroglycerine
  • occurs more frequently and with less effort
  • always lasts less than five minutes

Frage 182

Frage
Tachycardia in LVF develops
Antworten
  • due to enhanced vagal activity
  • to improve the CO
  • to limit the SV
  • all of the above

Frage 183

Frage
Isolated RVF is more common following
Antworten
  • inferior wall MI
  • lateral wall MI
  • anterior wall MI
  • right ventricular MI

Frage 184

Frage
CAD symptoms generally begin to occur when the coronary arteries are about ____ % occluded
Antworten
  • 25
  • 50
  • 75
  • 85

Frage 185

Frage
Nitroglycerine reduces afterload by
Antworten
  • increasing venous capacitance
  • decreasing venous capacitance
  • increasing systemic vascular resistance
  • decreasing systeming vascular resistance

Frage 186

Frage
In left sided heart failure
Antworten
  • blood flow from the RA to the LA is impeded
  • LA pressure decreases
  • the RV has injured cells
  • pulmonary venous pressure increases

Frage 187

Frage
Elevated HDL levels would most likely be found in
Antworten
  • diabetics
  • pre-menopausal women
  • cigarette smokers
  • overweight patients

Frage 188

Frage
During the initial acute phase of an MI, oxygen is administered
Antworten
  • when ventricular arrhythmias are imminent
  • when AV blocks develop
  • when the patient complains of chest pain
  • Always

Frage 189

Frage
Elevated JVP is seen in RVF because of
Antworten
  • increased LV pressure
  • increased superior vena cava pressure
  • increased thrombi formation
  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Frage 190

Frage
The personality type that is most prone to CAD is known as a type ____ personality
Antworten
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

Frage 191

Frage
Provoking factors for MI can be
Antworten
  • the same as those for stable angina
  • the same as those for unstable angina
  • absent (no obvious provoking factors)
  • all of the above

Frage 192

Frage
Decreased CO in LVF results from
Antworten
  • right ventricular failure
  • decreased vagal activity and hyponatremia
  • ST segment and T wave changes
  • decreased LV compliance and SV

Frage 193

Frage
The first intervention in pulmonary edema should always be
Antworten
  • diuretic therapy
  • oxygen therapy
  • vasodilatation
  • controlling arrhythmias

Frage 194

Frage
The patient in PEA
Antworten
  • requires CPR
  • displays electrical activity on the cardiac monitor
  • has no palpable pulse
  • all of the above

Frage 195

Frage
The main goal in cardiac tamponade is to
Antworten
  • enhance SNS dominance
  • decrease AV conduction
  • enhance AV node automaticity
  • decrease pressure within the pericardial sac

Frage 196

Frage
The compensatory SNS effect in cardiogenic shock is temporary because
Antworten
  • all the heart's valves are necrotic
  • the SV cannot increase further to help improve the CO
  • pulses are not palpable
  • fluid interferes with oxygenation

Frage 197

Frage
Dopamine can be part of the treatment plan in cardiogenic shock to
Antworten
  • improve systolic BP
  • cause vasoconstriction
  • improve myocardial contractility
  • all of the above

Frage 198

Frage
Serious and sinister arrhythmias can occur in pulmonary edema because
Antworten
  • electrical conduction structures are poorly oxygenated
  • of increased pressure in the pericardial sac
  • there is no electrical activity
  • of increased myocardial contractility

Frage 199

Frage
In cardiac tamponade, blood ejected during ventricular systole is decreased
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 200

Frage
Ventricular rupture can occur following
Antworten
  • transmural inferior wall MI
  • transmural anterior wall MI
  • transmural lateral wall MI
  • any transmural MI

Frage 201

Frage
Heparin induced cardiac tamponade is treated with
Antworten
  • cardioversion
  • defibrillation
  • heparin
  • protamine sulfate

Frage 202

Frage
In cardiogenic shock, urine volume
Antworten
  • decreases
  • increases
  • remains unchanged

Frage 203

Frage
Blood tinged sputum in pulmonary edema results from
Antworten
  • changes in clotting factors
  • hemorrhages in the pulmonary system
  • airway narrowing
  • increased pressure in the RA

Frage 204

Frage
The signs or features known as Beck's triad are
Antworten
  • elevated JVP, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
  • elevated JVP, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus
  • narrowed pulse pressure, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
  • muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, hypotension

Frage 205

Frage
Cardiogenic shock
Antworten
  • results in extensive organ underperfusion
  • only develops secondary to MI
  • causes venous oxygenation to increase
  • all of the above

Frage 206

Frage
Morphine is effective in pulmonary edema because it
Antworten
  • alleviates arrhythmias
  • increases the HR
  • reduces preload
  • improves myocardial contractility

Frage 207

Frage
In cardiac tamponade
Antworten
  • diastolic ejection is impaired
  • diastolic filling is impaired
  • systolic ejection is normal
  • systolic filling is normal

Frage 208

Frage
The patient in pulmonary edema will most likely develop
Antworten
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • a slow ventricular rhythm
  • third degree block

Frage 209

Frage
In cardiogenic shock, fluids are
Antworten
  • limited to prevent marked hypotension
  • infused to maintain intravascular volume
  • limited to prevent overloading the kidneys
  • infused to counteract hypertension

Frage 210

Frage
Sodium bicarbonate might be administered in cardiogenic shock to
Antworten
  • control the HR
  • reverse acidosis
  • reverse alkalosis
  • control ventricular ectopic activity

Frage 211

Frage
To improve CO in pulmonary edema
Antworten
  • the SV increases
  • the HR increases
  • preload increases
  • afterload increases

Frage 212

Frage
Fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade, can develop
Antworten
  • very slowly
  • very rapidly
  • slowly or rapidly

Frage 213

Frage
In cardiogenic shock, the
Antworten
  • systolic and diastolic BP increase concurrently
  • systolic and diastolic BP fall concurrently
  • systolic BP falls before the diastolic BP
  • diastolic BP falls before the systolic BP

Frage 214

Frage
Patients in cardiogenic shock develop anginal chest pain because of
Antworten
  • the development of sinister arrhythmias
  • coronary artery underperfusion
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia secondary to SNS stimulation

Frage 215

Frage
Decreasing the respiratory rate in pulmonary edema will help to
Antworten
  • decrease preload
  • decrease afterload
  • improve cardiac contractility
  • increase the HR

Frage 216

Frage
Myocardial injury associated with cardiac tamponade is reflected by
Antworten
  • absent P waves
  • Q waves
  • ST segment changes
  • prolonged PR intervals

Frage 217

Frage
Tachycardia occurs in cardiac tamponade to
Antworten
  • encourage narrowing of pulse pressure
  • increase venous return
  • compensate for the decreased SV
  • promote ventricular ectopic activity

Frage 218

Frage
To promote healthy elimination following MI, the following is administered
Antworten
  • stool softeners
  • enemas
  • suppositories
  • all of the above

Frage 219

Frage
It is common to hear an ____ when auscultating the patient in pulmonary edema
Antworten
  • S4
  • S3

Frage 220

Frage
Pulse pressure refers to the difference between the
Antworten
  • standing and sitting blood pressures
  • arterial and venous blood pressures
  • systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Frage 221

Frage
Diuretics administered to the cardiac patient can
Antworten
  • decrease preload
  • improve urinary output
  • cause hypotension
  • all of the above

Frage 222

Frage
In pulmonary edema, airflow ____ the alveoli is diminished
Antworten
  • to
  • from
  • to and from
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