Frage 1
Frage
The two branches of the left coronary artery are the
Antworten
-
left anterior descending, left posterior descending
-
circumflex, right coronary artery
-
circumflex, left anterior descending
-
left lateral artery, circumflex
Frage 2
Frage
The heart's muscular layer that allows the heart to contract is the
Antworten
-
endocardium
-
myocardium
-
epicardium
-
pericardium
Frage 3
Frage
The chamber that receives blood from the vena cavas is the
Frage 4
Frage
Atrial kick supplies the ventricles with about ________ blood volume
Frage 5
Frage
During ventricular systole, the
Antworten
-
aortic and tricuspid valves close
-
tricuspid and pulmonic valves close
-
mitral and aortic valves open
-
pulmonic and aortic valves open
Frage 6
Frage
The curcumflex artery mostly supplies the
Antworten
-
RA
-
lateral wall of the RV
-
septal wall of the LV
-
lateral wall of the LV
Frage 7
Frage
Cardiac Output equals
Antworten
-
heart rate x stroke volume
-
heart rate x venous pressure
-
heart rate x systemic pressure
-
heart rate x atrial kick
Frage 8
Frage
Vessels that supply the heart's structures with oxygenated blood are the
Antworten
-
pulmonary arteries
-
coronary arteries
-
systemic arteries
-
vena cavas
Frage 9
Frage
Spread of depolarization to the LA travels along
Antworten
-
the internodal tracts
-
the bundle of HIS
-
the L bundle branch
-
Bachmann's bundle
Frage 10
Frage
The right side of the heart pumps blood into the
Antworten
-
pulmonary circulation
-
aorta
-
systemic circulation
-
coronary arteries
Frage 11
Frage
Preload refers to the ventricular stretch
Antworten
-
at the start of atrial systole
-
at the end of atrial diastole
-
at the start of ventricular diastole
-
at the end of ventricular diastole
Frage 12
Frage
Intrinsically, the SA node can normally initiate ______ impulses each minute
Frage 13
Frage
The PMI (point of maximum impulse) is best heard
Antworten
-
at the apex of the heart
-
at the base of the heart
-
over the aortic area
-
over the pulmonic area
Frage 14
Frage
Ventricular depolarization/systole
Antworten
-
propels blood to the atria
-
coincides with atrial systole
-
results from electrical stimulation
-
prevents blood flow into the coronary arteries
Frage 15
Frage
Mitral stenosis can
Antworten
-
increase preload
-
decrease preload
-
increase afterload
-
decreases afterload
Frage 16
Frage
Atrial systole can also be called
Antworten
-
atrial relaxation
-
atrial kick
-
atrial pressure
-
atrial repolarization
Frage 17
Frage
Rupture of a papillary muscle can
Antworten
-
lead to valve regurgitation, thereby affecting SV and CO
-
decreases electrical stimulation
-
occlude a coronary artery
-
ensure electrical impulses conduct regularity
Frage 18
Frage
Which coronary artery supplies the AV node in most people
Antworten
-
the R coronary artery
-
The L coronary artery
-
the LAD artery
-
the circumflex artery
Frage 19
Frage
Fast heart rates can decrease CO because of
Antworten
-
an increase in SV
-
the increased force of contraction
-
the shortened ventricular filling time
-
their relaxing effect on the heart valves
Frage 20
Frage
The conduction system refers to
Frage 21
Frage
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
Antworten
-
pulmonary arteries
-
vena cavas
-
pulmonary veins
-
aorta
Frage 22
Frage
The tricuspid valve is located between the
Antworten
-
RA and LA
-
LA and LV
-
RV and LV
-
RA and RV
Frage 23
Frage
Prior to the onset of late ventricular diastole (before atrial systole), the ventricles have
Frage 24
Frage
The CO can decrease with slow heart rates because
Frage 25
Frage
The main property of the AV node is to
Antworten
-
a forward 20% extra blood volume to the ventricles
-
slow impulse conduction velocity/speed
-
ensure a regular rhythm of impulse transmission
-
promote atrial systole
Frage 26
Frage
The cells' ability to initiate impulses is called
Antworten
-
automaticity
-
excitability
-
conductivity
-
contractility
Frage 27
Frage
If the SA node fails, the AV junction can intrinsically generate ____ impulses per minute
Frage 28
Frage
The PMI is located at the
Frage 29
Frage 30
Antworten
-
S1 is louder than S2
-
S2 is louder than S1
-
S2 cannot be heard
-
S1 and S2 sound the same
Frage 31
Frage
Palpitations can be
Frage 32
Frage
Pulsus alternans is characterized by
Antworten
-
alternating regular and irregular rhythms
-
alternating strong and weak pulses
-
increased rate with expiration
-
decreased rate with expiration
Frage 33
Frage
Auscultation of the mitral valve is best heard at the
Antworten
-
2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
-
2nd L ICS, adjacent to the sternum
-
5th L ICS, medial to the mid-clavicle
-
lower L sternal border
Frage 34
Frage
Acute MI pain can radiate to
Antworten
-
the jaw and neck
-
the left arm
-
the back
-
any of the above
Frage 35
Frage
Unilateral leg edema can signify
Frage 36
Frage
Auscultation of the pulmonic valve is best heard at the
Antworten
-
2nd R ICS
-
2nd L ICS
-
5th R ICS
-
5th L ICS
Frage 37
Frage
During atrial systole, you might auscultate an
Frage 38
Frage
Elevated JVP might be visualized in the patient with
Antworten
-
RV MI
-
RVF
-
cor pulmonale
-
any of the above
Frage 39
Frage
During inspection of the chest , the pulsation of the apical pulse is always visible
Frage 40
Frage
Palpation of a normal pulse strength is documented as
Frage 41
Frage
The ____ valve is heard loudest at the 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
Antworten
-
Aortic
-
Pulmonic
-
Tricuspd
-
Mitral
Frage 42
Frage
Which cardiac condition would most likely cause chest pain that eases by sitting up and leaning forward?
Frage 43
Frage
A pneumothorax can potentially to displace the PMI
Frage 44
Antworten
-
represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
-
signifies the end of ventricular diastole
-
is heard loudest at the apex
-
all of the above
Frage 45
Frage
The S3 and S4 adventitious heart sounds
Antworten
-
are best heard with the stethoscope's diaphragm
-
can indicate heart failure
-
correspond with ventricular systole
-
all of the above
Frage 46
Antworten
-
turn the patient's head away from the side being examined
-
elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees
-
auscultate the 2nd L ICS
-
ensure dim lighting to distinguish the JVP shadows
Frage 47
Frage
An adventitious heart sound heard during atrial diastole would be
Frage 48
Frage
When discussing the dorsalis pedis pulse
Antworten
-
palpating the R and L simultaneously is safe
-
it should always be easily palpable in normal adults
-
it is located just below the malleolus
-
its detection requires very deep palpation
Frage 49
Antworten
-
is called a ventricular gallop
-
is heard during ventricular diastole
-
is heard during atrial diastole
-
occurs before S2
Frage 50
Frage
Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by
Antworten
-
alternating regular and irregular rhythms
-
alternating strong and weak pulses
-
decreased amplitude with expiration
-
decreased amplitude with inspiration
Frage 51
Frage
When listening over the mitral area, S1 is louder than S2
Frage 52
Frage
Normally, pulsations of the internal jugular veins
Antworten
-
change in response to positioning
-
are visualized at 10cm above the suprasternal notch
-
are noticeable when the patient stands
-
all of the above
Frage 53
Frage
Syncope can be a symptom of
Antworten
-
vasodilatation
-
a slow heart rate
-
excessive vagal activity
-
any of the above
Frage 54
Frage
When documenting a pulse's strength, a weak pulse is
Frage 55
Frage
In which of the following conditions might the patient's chest heaviness ease if s/he rests?
Antworten
-
acute pericarditis
-
dissecting aneurysm
-
stable angina
-
pulmonary embolism
Frage 56
Frage
Palpating both carotid arteries simultaneously can decrease the HR and produce syncope
Frage 57
Frage
An irregular pulse is always detected in patients with
Antworten
-
cardiac tamponade
-
MI
-
aortic dissection
-
atrial fibrillation
Frage 58
Antworten
-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Frage 59
Frage
CK elevation will be detected with
Antworten
-
elevated HDLs
-
CVA
-
depolarization
-
decreased CO
Frage 60
Frage
After MI, the following LDH isoenzymes can be expected
Antworten
-
LD1 and LD2 are absent
-
LD1 = LD2
-
LD1 < LD2
-
LD1 > LD2
Frage 61
Antworten
-
is a state of excitability
-
coincides with discharge of electricity
-
results from ionic activity
-
all of the above
Frage 62
Frage
Oral anticoagulation dosing is determined by assessing the
Frage 63
Frage
The normal PR interval measures
Antworten
-
less than 0.12 seconds
-
0.12 to 0.20 seconds
-
0.20 to 0.40 seconds
-
more than 0.40 seconds
Frage 64
Frage
The Q wave is the first ____ of a ventricular complex
Antworten
-
first negative deflection
-
first positive deflection
-
second negative deflection
-
second positive deflection
Frage 65
Frage
To calculate an irregular ventricular rate
Antworten
-
divide the # of small boxes between 2 QRSs into 1500
-
divide the # of large boxes between 2 QRSs into 300
-
count the # of QRSs in a 6 second strip, and x 10
-
all of the above
Frage 66
Frage
The QT interval represents the time frame for
Antworten
-
ventricular depolarization to occur
-
ventricular repolarization to occur
-
ventricular depolarization and repolarization to occur
Frage 67
Antworten
-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Frage 68
Frage
The cardiac cycle includes
Antworten
-
The P wave
-
the QRS complex
-
the T wave
-
the PQRST
Frage 69
Frage
An MI can be safely diagnosed with the CK-MB result because this isoenzyme
Antworten
-
represents atrial depolarization
-
is specific to cardiac tissue
-
reflects the CO
-
causes the ventricles to contract
Frage 70
Frage
Cholesterol is carried on
Frage 71
Frage
An impulse travelling toward the area where a positive electrode is placed is recorded as
Antworten
-
a positive deflection
-
negative deflection
-
flat line
-
any of the above
Frage 72
Frage
Torsades de Pointes can result from
Antworten
-
short PR intervals
-
long PR intervals
-
short QT intervals
-
long QT intervals
Frage 73
Frage
Normally, the majority of cardiac electrical activity travels to the electrode placed on the
Frage 74
Frage
The P wave represents
Antworten
-
atrial depolarization
-
ventricular depolarization
-
ventricular repolarization
-
conduction through the AV node
Frage 75
Frage 76
Frage
Prior to obtaining lipid studies
Frage 77
Antworten
-
should measure more than 0.10 seconds
-
reflects ventricular depolarization
-
always has a Q, an R, and an S wave
-
all of the above
Frage 78
Frage
Heparin dosing is determined by assessing the
Frage 79
Frage
The PR interval is measured from the
Antworten
-
start of the P wave to the start of the QRS
-
start of the P wave to the end of the QRS
-
end of the P wave to the start of the QRS
-
end of the P wave to the end of the QRS
Frage 80
Frage
Which troponins can be evaluated to detect myocardial damage?
Antworten
-
troponins I and C
-
troponins I and T
-
troponins T and C
-
troponins I, T, and C
Frage 81
Frage
Ventricular repolarization is reflected by the
Antworten
-
P wave
-
QRS complex
-
T wave
-
PR interval
Frage 82
Antworten
-
RA is negative, LL is positive
-
LA is negative, LL is positive
-
RA is negative, LA is positive
-
RA is negative, RL is positive
Frage 83
Frage
Six seconds on ECG paper includes
Antworten
-
15 small boxes
-
15 large boxes
-
30 small boxes
-
30 large boxes
Frage 84
Frage
Which of the following ST segments is abnormal?
Frage 85
Frage
The normal ventricle requires ____ to contract
Antworten
-
< 0.02 seconds
-
< 0.10 seconds
-
> 0.12 seconds
-
> 0.20 seconds
Frage 86
Frage
The CK begins to elevate ____ after muscle damage
Antworten
-
4-6 hours
-
10-15 hours
-
12-24 hours
-
24-36 hours
Frage 87
Frage
The patient with a prosthetic mechanical valve, whose INR is 1.2 needs
Antworten
-
to increase his warfarin dosage
-
to decrease his warfarin dosage
-
to maintain his same/usual warfarin dose
-
to withold the next warfarin dose
Frage 88
Frage
In lead II, normal ventricular depolarization produces a
Antworten
-
P wave with a positive deflection
-
P wave with a negative deflection
-
QRS with a positive deflection
-
QRS with a negative deflection
Frage 89
Antworten
-
varies according to the HDL
-
is less than 5% of the total CK
-
will elevate with cerebral injury
Frage 90
Frage
Spinach and other foods rich in Vitamin K can
Antworten
-
increase the CK and AST
-
decrease the CK and AST
-
increase clotting times
-
decrease clotting times
Frage 91
Antworten
-
represents a state of excitability
-
is a state of relaxation
-
indicates that the ventricles are contracting
-
is reflective of myocardial damage
Frage 92
Frage
The time reflected between each darkened 'bold' line on ECG paper is
Antworten
-
0.02 seconds
-
0.04 seconds
-
0.12 seconds
-
0.20 seconds
Frage 93
Frage 94
Frage
When QRS complexes occur at intervals with slight variances of < 0.12 seconds
Antworten
-
extra P waves are always seen
-
the ventricles are not depolarizing
-
the rate is always rapid
-
the rhythm is considered regular
Frage 95
Frage
In the heart with a normal conduction system
Antworten
-
extra P waves are seen
-
each P wave is followed by a QRS
-
P waves differ in morphology (appearance)
-
the absence of P waves is expected
Frage 96
Frage
The negatively deflected wave indicates that the impulse
Antworten
-
has not been generated
-
is travelling toward a positive electrode
-
is travelling away from a positive electrode
-
requires stronger electrical current
Frage 97
Antworten
-
should deflect in the same direction as the T wave
-
are only 1/4 the height of the T wave
-
may be absent on the normal rhythm strip
-
all of the above
Frage 98
Antworten
-
Black
-
Green
-
Brown
-
White
-
Red
Frage 99
Frage 100
Frage 101
Frage 102
Frage
Colour of Precordium (V lead)
Frage 103
Frage
Sinus tachycardia can be caused by
Frage 104
Frage
Syncope can be a manifestation of any tachycardia because
Antworten
-
the HR is too slow
-
ventricular depolarization does not occur
-
ventricular filling times are shortened
-
vagal activity is excessive
Frage 105
Frage
Carotid sinus massage can lead to
Antworten
-
sinus bradycardia
-
sinus block
-
sinus arrest
-
any of the above
Frage 106
Antworten
-
all atrial impulses always reach the ventricles
-
the AR is always slow
-
the PR interval is not measurable
-
the QRS complexes are always wide
Frage 107
Frage
The initial energy level required to convert PAT is
Antworten
-
50 joules
-
100 joules
-
200 joules
-
300 joules
Frage 108
Frage
Junctional escape rhythm can deteriorate to
Antworten
-
IVR
-
VT
-
junctional tachycardia
-
any of the above
Frage 109
Frage
The distinguishable features of Wenckebach are
Antworten
-
constant PR interval, AR = VR
-
constant PR interval, AR > VR
-
variable PR interval, AR = VR
-
variable PR interval, AR > VR
Frage 110
Frage
Multifocal PVCs are reflected as
Frage 111
Frage
A regular rhythm with an AR of 110, VR of 110, constant PR interval of 0.12 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Antworten
-
sinus tachycardia
-
PAT
-
atrial fibrillation
-
VT
Frage 112
Frage
The most distinguishable feature of atrial fibrillation is
Antworten
-
a rapid ventricular rate
-
an irregular rhythm
-
variable PR intervals
-
wide QRS complexes
Frage 113
Frage
Lidocaine is often effective in treating ventricular rhythms because it
Antworten
-
enhances ventricular depolarization
-
improves atrial automaticity
-
suppresses ventricular irritability
-
blocks PSNS activity
Frage 114
Frage
A defibrillator should be quickly accessible for the patient in third degree AV block because this block can deteriorate to
Antworten
-
VT
-
Wenckebach
-
IVR
-
sinus bradycardia
Frage 115
Frage
Sinus arrest can be caused by
Frage 116
Frage
PAT with an AR of 240 beats/minute would always have
Antworten
-
a slower VR
-
regular rhythm
-
normal PR intervals
-
visible P waves
Frage 117
Frage
In atrial fibrillation, reduced CO can result from
Antworten
-
the rapid SA node rate of impulse formation
-
the irregular ventricular rhythm
-
disorganized, chaotic atrial quivering
-
shortened PR intervals
Frage 118
Frage
Initial shock treatment of pulseless VT is
Antworten
-
cardioversion, starting with 200 joules
-
cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 200 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 300 joules
Frage 119
Frage
The ____ generates impulses in all heart blocks
Antworten
-
SA node
-
atria
-
AV junction
-
ventricles
Frage 120
Frage
Treatment is rarely needed for first degree AV block because
Antworten
-
the CO is usually satisfactory
-
the PR intervals are normal
-
the AV junction is initiating all impulses
-
the ventricles are using their property of automaticity
Frage 121
Frage
The P wave may be difficult to distinguish with a PAC, but the P wave occurs because the ____ depolarize
Antworten
-
Ventricles
-
SA Node
-
Atria
-
AV Node
Frage 122
Frage
Symptoms associated with junctional escape rhythm result from
Frage 123
Frage
A regular rhythm with an atrial rate of 68, VR of 68, constant PR intervals of 0.28 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Frage 124
Frage
A ventricular rate of less than 100 beats/minute can be seen in
Antworten
-
sinus bradycardia
-
atrial fibrillation
-
Wenckebach
-
all of the above
Frage 125
Frage
The initial energy level required to cardiovert atrial flutter is
Antworten
-
50 joules
-
100 joules
-
200 joules
-
300 joules
Frage 126
Frage
The P waves in junctional beats and rhythms can
Frage 127
Frage
Decreased CO in AIVR is due to
Antworten
-
loss of atrial kick
-
slow AV conduction
-
the excessively rapid HR
-
rapid AV conduction
Frage 128
Frage
The patient in VF has
Antworten
-
inverted P waves
-
shortened PR intervals
-
normal QRS complexes
-
none of the above
Frage 129
Frage
The PR interval in Mobitz II can be normal or prolonged
Frage 130
Frage
Treatment for frequent PVCs might include
Antworten
-
verapamil, adenosine, pacemaker
-
carotid sinus massage
-
atropine, epinephrine
-
lidocaine, pronestyl, potassium
Frage 131
Frage
Potential for clot formation in atrial fibrillation is due to
Antworten
-
atrial quivering
-
excessive stimulants
-
increased CO
-
ventricular automaticity
Frage 132
Frage
Atrial and ventricular contractions are not synchronized at all in
Frage 133
Frage
Symptoms of decreased CO can potentially be experienced with
Antworten
-
JT
-
PAT
-
IVR
-
any arrhythmia
Frage 134
Frage
Cells in the AV junction have the property of ____ which allows cells in the AV junction to initiate/generate junctional beats/rhythms
Antworten
-
conduction
-
automaticity
-
regularity
-
electricity
Frage 135
Frage
Repolarization in ventricular beats/rhythms is reflected as T waves that
Frage 136
Frage
VT with a pulse is treated with
Antworten
-
cardioversion, starting with 100 joules
-
cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 100 joules
-
defibrillation, starting with 300 joules
Frage 137
Frage
The term SVT can be used to describe
Frage 138
Frage
A rhythm with an AR of 86, a VR of 30, variable, erratic PR intervals with no pattern, and QRS complexes measuring 0.14 seconds is
Frage 139
Frage
The PR intervals cannot be measured in ventricular rhythms because of
Frage 140
Frage
If a PR interval can be measured in junctional beats/rhythms, it characteristicly measures ____ seconds
Frage 141
Frage
Which patient has the more serious block?
Antworten
-
AR 96, VR 48, constant PR 0.24 seconds, QRS 0.20 seconds
-
AR 80, VR 40, constant PR 0.22 seconds, QRS 0.10 seconds
-
AR 90, VR 45, constant PR 0.26 seconds, QRS 0.08 seconds
Frage 142
Frage
Initial treatment of pulseless VT is
Antworten
-
lidocaine
-
procainamide
-
cardioversion
-
defibrillation
Frage 143
Frage
When each and every impulse from the SA node is blocked at the AV node, the rhythm is
Antworten
-
third degree block
-
junctional escape rhythm
-
atrial fibrillation
-
Mobitz II
Frage 144
Frage
The drug treatment of choice for symptomatic IVR is
Antworten
-
Atropine
-
Lidocaine
-
Epinepherine
-
Adenosine
Frage 145
Frage
Absent P waves in junctional beats/rhythms result from
Antworten
-
rapid atrial depolarization
-
the excessively slow ventricular rate
-
simultaneous atrial and ventricular depolarization
-
atrial contraction that occurs after ventricular contraction
Frage 146
Frage
Decreased CO in VT is due to
Antworten
-
prolonged PR intervals
-
the rapid ventricular rate
-
the AV node's slow rate of impulse conduction
-
rapid atrial depolarization
Frage 147
Antworten
-
P waves occur at regular intervals
-
there are more P waves than QRS complexes
-
P waves are normal and all look the same
-
all of the above
Frage 148
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
sinus arrhythmia
-
sinus bradycardia
-
A Fib
Frage 149
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
Sinus Tachycardia
-
SVT
-
VT
-
VF
Frage 150
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
sinus rhythm
-
First degree AV block
-
A flutter
-
Mobitz !!
Frage 151
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
sinus bradycardia
-
sinus rhythm
-
3rd Degree AV block
-
A Fib
Frage 152
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
Mobitz !I
-
3rd degree AV block
-
Wenckbach
-
A Fib
Frage 153
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Frage 154
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
VT
-
V Fib
-
PEA
-
Conduction problem
Frage 155
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
-
IVR
-
Sinus bradycardia
-
A Fib
-
1st degree heart block
Frage 156
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Frage 157
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Antworten
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V Fib
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A Fib
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A Flutter
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Sinus Tachycardia
Frage 158
Frage
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Frage 159
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The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
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Mobitz !!
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1st Degree AV block
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3rd Degree AV block
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Wenckebach
Frage 160
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The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Frage 161
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The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
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3rd Degree AV block
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Mobitz II
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Junctional
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IVR
Frage 162
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The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
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NSR with PVC's
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NSR with PAC's
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Ventricular Trigeminy
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Mobitz II
Frage 163
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CAD modifiable risk factors include
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smoking, diet
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gender, age
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exercise, genetics
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diet, race
Frage 164
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Occlusion of the LAD artery would result in
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lateral wall MI
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anterior wall MI
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right atrial MI
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posterior wall MI
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Which one of the heart's layers is damaged with a non-Q wave MI?
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Mesoderm
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Endocardium
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Epicardium
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Myocardium
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With angina and following MI, semi-fowler's position is preferred, to
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reverse the necrotic destruction
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increase autonomic nervous system activity
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increase systemic oxygenation through lung expansion
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reduce the Cardiac Output
Frage 167
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Hepatomegaly occurs in RVF because
Frage 168
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Following MI, the zone of injury
Frage 169
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The risk of CAD decreases with menopause
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Stable angina pain usually subsides with
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rest, nitroglycerine
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morphine, oxygen
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nitroglycerine, morphine
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morphine, ASA
Frage 172
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Pathological Q waves are
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reflective of tissue ischemia
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reflective of tissue injury
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25% the height of the R waves
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all of the above
Frage 173
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Decreasing preload in LVF can be accomplished with the use of
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diuretics
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morphine
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vasodilators
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all of the above
Frage 174
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Obese people and patients who rarely exercise are more prone to
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elevated HDL's
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decreased HDL's
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Cessation of pain following an 'anginal attack' indicates that
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platelets are no longer adhering to the arteries
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arrhythmias have developed
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myocardial oxygen needs are met
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myocardial tissues are fully necrotic
Frage 176
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The LV lateral wall MI is secondary to occlusion of the
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positive artery
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lateral vein
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RCA
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circumflex artery
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The ECG sign of tissue necrosis is
Frage 178
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Not monitoring the control and balance of systemic fluid can result in
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hyponatremia
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hypokalemia
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dehydration
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any of the above
Frage 179
Frage 180
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Following plaque rupture, the following components begin to adhere to the plaque
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Chest pain experienced with unstable angina
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is predictable and reproducible
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is always relieved with nitroglycerine
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occurs more frequently and with less effort
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always lasts less than five minutes
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Tachycardia in LVF develops
Frage 183
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Isolated RVF is more common following
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inferior wall MI
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lateral wall MI
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anterior wall MI
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right ventricular MI
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CAD symptoms generally begin to occur when the coronary arteries are about ____ % occluded
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Nitroglycerine reduces afterload by
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increasing venous capacitance
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decreasing venous capacitance
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increasing systemic vascular resistance
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decreasing systeming vascular resistance
Frage 186
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In left sided heart failure
Frage 187
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Elevated HDL levels would most likely be found in
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diabetics
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pre-menopausal women
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cigarette smokers
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overweight patients
Frage 188
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During the initial acute phase of an MI, oxygen is administered
Frage 189
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Elevated JVP is seen in RVF because of
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increased LV pressure
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increased superior vena cava pressure
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increased thrombi formation
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increased pulmonary venous pressure
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The personality type that is most prone to CAD is known as a type ____ personality
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Provoking factors for MI can be
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the same as those for stable angina
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the same as those for unstable angina
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absent (no obvious provoking factors)
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all of the above
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Decreased CO in LVF results from
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right ventricular failure
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decreased vagal activity and hyponatremia
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ST segment and T wave changes
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decreased LV compliance and SV
Frage 193
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The first intervention in pulmonary edema should always be
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diuretic therapy
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oxygen therapy
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vasodilatation
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controlling arrhythmias
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The main goal in cardiac tamponade is to
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The compensatory SNS effect in cardiogenic shock is temporary because
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all the heart's valves are necrotic
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the SV cannot increase further to help improve the CO
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pulses are not palpable
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fluid interferes with oxygenation
Frage 197
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Dopamine can be part of the treatment plan in cardiogenic shock to
Frage 198
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Serious and sinister arrhythmias can occur in pulmonary edema because
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electrical conduction structures are poorly oxygenated
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of increased pressure in the pericardial sac
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there is no electrical activity
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of increased myocardial contractility
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In cardiac tamponade, blood ejected during ventricular systole is decreased
Frage 200
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Ventricular rupture can occur following
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transmural inferior wall MI
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transmural anterior wall MI
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transmural lateral wall MI
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any transmural MI
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Heparin induced cardiac tamponade is treated with
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cardioversion
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defibrillation
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heparin
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protamine sulfate
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In cardiogenic shock, urine volume
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decreases
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increases
-
remains unchanged
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Blood tinged sputum in pulmonary edema results from
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changes in clotting factors
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hemorrhages in the pulmonary system
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airway narrowing
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increased pressure in the RA
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The signs or features known as Beck's triad are
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elevated JVP, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
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elevated JVP, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus
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narrowed pulse pressure, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
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muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, hypotension
Frage 205
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results in extensive organ underperfusion
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only develops secondary to MI
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causes venous oxygenation to increase
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all of the above
Frage 206
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Morphine is effective in pulmonary edema because it
Frage 207
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In cardiac tamponade
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diastolic ejection is impaired
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diastolic filling is impaired
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systolic ejection is normal
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systolic filling is normal
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The patient in pulmonary edema will most likely develop
Frage 209
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In cardiogenic shock, fluids are
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limited to prevent marked hypotension
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infused to maintain intravascular volume
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limited to prevent overloading the kidneys
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infused to counteract hypertension
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Sodium bicarbonate might be administered in cardiogenic shock to
Frage 211
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To improve CO in pulmonary edema
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the SV increases
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the HR increases
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preload increases
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afterload increases
Frage 212
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Fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade, can develop
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very slowly
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very rapidly
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slowly or rapidly
Frage 213
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In cardiogenic shock, the
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systolic and diastolic BP increase concurrently
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systolic and diastolic BP fall concurrently
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systolic BP falls before the diastolic BP
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diastolic BP falls before the systolic BP
Frage 214
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Patients in cardiogenic shock develop anginal chest pain because of
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the development of sinister arrhythmias
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coronary artery underperfusion
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hypertension
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tachycardia secondary to SNS stimulation
Frage 215
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Decreasing the respiratory rate in pulmonary edema will help to
Frage 216
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Myocardial injury associated with cardiac tamponade is reflected by
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absent P waves
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Q waves
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ST segment changes
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prolonged PR intervals
Frage 217
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Tachycardia occurs in cardiac tamponade to
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encourage narrowing of pulse pressure
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increase venous return
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compensate for the decreased SV
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promote ventricular ectopic activity
Frage 218
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To promote healthy elimination following MI, the following is administered
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stool softeners
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enemas
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suppositories
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all of the above
Frage 219
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It is common to hear an ____ when auscultating the patient in pulmonary edema
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Pulse pressure refers to the difference between the
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standing and sitting blood pressures
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arterial and venous blood pressures
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systolic and diastolic blood pressures
Frage 221
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Diuretics administered to the cardiac patient can
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decrease preload
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improve urinary output
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cause hypotension
-
all of the above
Frage 222
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In pulmonary edema, airflow ____ the alveoli is diminished