PSYA1

Monotropic Bonds

Caregiver sensitvity

Innate response

Conditioned stimulus

Sensitive period

Rewards

Operant conditioning- reinforces

Contact comfort

Classical conditioning- un/conditioned stimulus/response

Social releasers- eg laughing or crying

Deprivation

Privation

Observation of John

Always had company

It was only over 9 days

It has been applied to real life situations such as mothers and their children in prisons

It has been applied to real life situations in schools.

Adult monkeys.

Wire and cloth covered

Exploration alone and accompanied

Ethical concerns?

Food is what forms attachment.

100 people from an area

1000 people from 10 areas

Full time day care= 5X as likely aggression.

Full time day care= 3X as likely aggression than part time

Low mother sensitivity can cause a child to do worse in day care

Assessed from 0-5 years.

Assessed from 5-10 years.

Development from 3-7 years

3000 children

Day care quality can affect aggression

Mother sensitivity was observed in this study.

The longer the time spent in day care the LOWER the social behaviour rating.

It was of 300 children.

It was observed from 150 children.

It said day care was a positive thing.

Found that day care lead to aggression

Found that day care lead to better social skills than those at home.

The study was done in America

The study was done in the UK

It was of 65 children from ages 0-16

It was of 105 children over 5 years

70% "couldn't care deeply for others"

Those restored with their mothers reformed attachments.

All were quarrelsome, needed attention from adults and had little friends

All adopted/left

Most adopted/left

It was in a Syrain Kibbutz

It was in an Israeli Kibbutz

They tested the strange situation on children

Upon reunion they reacted the same to the metapelets as they did the mothers.

The infants found greater comfort with the mothers.

This showed secondary attachments are not made.

1ST: proved US (food) -> UR (salivation)

1ST: rung a bell to make the dog bark.

2ND: realised the dog started to salivate on association with the lab assistant.

2ND: realised the dog started to salivate when it saw the food.

3RD: used a bell as a CS to increase salivation (CR)

3RD: used a bell as a CR to increase salivation CS

Imposed etics

There are cross cultural differences

Attachment is formed universally.

Strange situation is the same everywhere

Japan is judged as a dependent country whereas Germany is the opposite.

The first five words you process- rehearsed and transferred into LTM

The last 7 words you process - fresh into the STM

STM and LTM are separate

There is proof that STM is impaired but LTM is not- his wife

He was able to elaborate onto his STM and transfer into LTM

Interception meant he failed to retain his LTM

Central executive is the boss and directs the information as well as helping with problem solving

The phonological loop is the part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material o Phonological StoreHolds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds. o Articulatory control process is used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form. It is used for navigation.

The Visuo-spatial sketchpad is used to process memories of numbers and letters.

The Central executive's only use is to store information

The episodic buffer helps us to understand information and is the only way that information can be held into the LTM

The episodic buffer is used as an extra storage cell.

Phonological loop is used only for auditory information and we can retain the information for up to 2 minutes.

METHOD OF LOCI: associating familiar objects with certain pieces of information.

REHERSAL: Constantly repeating the information till it is stored in the LTM.

MIND MAP: Sub-headed information into smaller chunks. Pictures and colours also help with visual learning.

QUIZZES: Help to learn the information as you are aware of where you have gone wrong and where to improve.

CHUNKING: Memory is enhances- easier to maintain in STM. Can recall 5 words and 5 letters.

ICONIC STORE: Visual Info

Echoic Store: auditory information

Spechatic store: information from speech

Haptic store: physical eg tough

Tangible store: physical

Encoding, Retention and Retrieval

Concentrate, Encoding and Retrieval

Similarly hypothesis- more contact with certain age group= more accurate memory for those individuals.

Differential experience hypothesis: More contact with certain age/ethnicity group= more accurate memory for those individuals.

The perceptual learning hypothesis: because we encounter members of our own age group regularly= better at processing their faces= better memory

The Perceptual learning hypothesis: because we perceive people in a certain way, those who are similar to us in terms of looks and personality= better memory for those certain people.