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An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.
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A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish different goals.
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A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish the same goal.
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One part working to accomplish many different goals.
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Without a part, the system will still work properly.
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Pull something out of the system.
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Put something into the system
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Take something away from the system
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Don't do anything to interact with the system
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A system output can serve as a input.
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What are the types of feedback loops?
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Positive
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Electron
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Neutral
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Negative
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In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.
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Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.
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A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.
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equilibrium
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preservation
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combustion
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unsustainability
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A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.
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A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.
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combustion
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stable situations
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unstable situations
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Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.
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What is the lithosphere?
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What is the atmosphere?
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What is the hydrosphere?
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All land
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All water
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Everything but water
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What is the biosphere?
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Total of all the planet's biotic and abiotic components.
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Total of all the planet's biotic components
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Total of all the planet's abiotic components
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Total of all the planet's water
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Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.
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Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.
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All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.
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Laws of Conservation of Matter
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An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.
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Each element is composed of
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atoms
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three neutrons
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element
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An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
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Each atom has a nucleus with
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protons
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neutrons
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electrons
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proteins
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chemicals
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An element will always have the same number of
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protons
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neutrons
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electrons
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nuclei
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An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.
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Ions are positively charged.
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Ions are atoms that can gain or lose
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protons
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nuclei
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neutrons
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electrons
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measures oxygen
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measures hydrogen
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measures carbon
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measures nitrogen
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Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is
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counted on a balance
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measured on a pH scale
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measured on a pH ruler
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oberserved
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the combination of two or more atoms
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the combination of two atoms
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the combination of four of the same atoms
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Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.
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Organic compounds are
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Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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Hydrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
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Carbon atoms bonded to carbon atoms
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Nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms
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Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.
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compounds of hydrogen and carbon
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compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen
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compounds of carbon and nitrogen
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Large molecules
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Small molecules
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Medium molcules
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Microscopic molecules
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What are three essential macromolecules?
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Carbohydrates
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Nucleic acids
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Lipids
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Proteins
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Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
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Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.
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Amino acids are the building blocks of life.
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Nucleic acid direct protein production.
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Nucleic acid carries
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protein information
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genetic information
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mental information
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carbohydrate information
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What are the two types of nucleic acid?
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simple sugars
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complex sugars
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simple proteins
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nucleic acids
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What are the two major types of energy?
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Combustion energy
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Potential energy
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Wind energy
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Kinetic energy
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Potential energy is the energy of
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position
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chemicals
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atoms
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motion
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Kinetic energy is the energy of
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poisition
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chemicals
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wind
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motion
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Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.
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Why is it important to have energy?
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To do anything
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To run
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To do nothing
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In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.
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In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
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The Earth's energy comes from the moon.
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Autotrophs are also know as consumers.
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Autotrophs are known as producers.
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Use the sun's energy to produce their own food
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Use the sun's energy to decompose
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Do not use the sun's energy to produce their own food
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turn chemical energy into light energy
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turn light energy into chemical energy
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turn light energy into soil
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turn chemical energy into wind energy
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In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.
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The components of photosynthesis are
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Carbon dioxide
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Water
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Shade
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Sunlight
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Soil
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Sugar
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Nitrogen
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Oxygen
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Heterotrophs can produce their own food.
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What are the components of cellular respiration?
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Water
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Energy
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Carbon dioxide
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Sunlight
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Sugar
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Oxygen
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Monoxide
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CO2
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Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.
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An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time
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Primary production is the
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conversion of solar energy to sugars
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conversion of sugars to solar energy
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conversion or water to gas
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conversion of solar energy to wind energy
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Gross primary production is the
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use of energy made by the heterotrophs themselves
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use of energy made by the plants themselves
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use of atoms made by the plants themselves
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Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.
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All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.
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Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.
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7 protons, 7 neutrons
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4 protons, 7 neutrons
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4 protons, 4 neutrons
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7 protons, 7 neutrons
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15 protons, 15 neutrons
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17 protons, 17 neutrons
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7 protons, 7 neutrons
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7 protons, 8 neutrons
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8 protons, 8 neutrons
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7 protons, 6 neutrons
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6 protons, 6 neutrons
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6 protons, 7 neutrons
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Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.
Frage 77
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chemical bonds formed by the attraction between positively charged ions.
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chemical bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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chemical bonds formed by the attraction between negatively charged ions.
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chemical bonds formed by the attraction between neutrally charged ions.
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A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.
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Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.
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A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.
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What is a solution?
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A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together without chemically bonding.
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A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together with an ionic bond.
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Plasma
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Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.
Frage 83
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is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms
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absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere
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absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere
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is a molecule consisting of four oxygen atoms
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What happens in biogeochemical cycles?
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Nutrients cycle through the stratosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
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Chemicals cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
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Nutrients cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
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A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept
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In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.
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What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?
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Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.
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What is transpiration?
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Evaporation from plants
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Evaporation from snow
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Evaporation in general
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Runoff is water flowing over land.
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Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.
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How have we impacted the water cycle?
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Overfilled water sources
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Decreased evaporation
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Depleted water sources
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Reduced transpiration
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Increased transpiration
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Increased evaporation
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Carbon is a part of every living thing.
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Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.
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Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.
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CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.
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plants, air
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plants, insects
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animals,insects
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plants,animals
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Settles into _ when organisms die.
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What is the largest reservoir of carbon?
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Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.
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Shifted from _ to atmosphere.
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hydrosphere
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lithosphere
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stratosphere
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Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?
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Nitrogen is essential.
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Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.
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Bacteria
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Thunder
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Lightning
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Atoms
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How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?
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Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.
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Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?
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Deneitrification
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Nitrification
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Nitrogen fixation
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How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?
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Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.
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The majority of phosphorus is found in
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rocks
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plants
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animals
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water
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When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and
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Plants do not take up phosphorus.
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How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?