Frage 1
Frage
Which Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for legislation of herbal products?
Antworten
-
Natural Health Products Directorate
-
Medical devices Directorate
-
Therapeutics Product Directorate
-
Controlled Drugs Directorate
Frage 2
Frage
Natural Health Products Regulations are part of:
Antworten
-
regulated Professions Act
-
Controlled Substances Act
-
Food & Drug Act
-
Hazardous Substances Act
-
Provincial Drug Benefit Act
Frage 3
Frage
Which of the following substances according to Health Canada would be unacceptable as a natural Health substance?
Antworten
-
biologics
-
amino acids
-
algae
-
probiotics
Frage 4
Frage
What information will confirm for you that a natural health product has been approved by Health Canada for public consumption?
Antworten
-
The advice of a friend using this product
-
The presence of an NHP's number on the label
-
The source of the product
-
the fact that the product is sold by pharmacies
-
The reputation of the manufacturer
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the following statements defines best Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
Antworten
-
The use of home-made remedies to treat symptoms of diseases and/or ailments
-
The use of spiritual and religious incantations to remove bad spirits from the sick person
-
The use of natural remedies and therapies not commonly used by standard and conventional medical practice.
-
The use of different drugs to support conventional drug therapies
Frage 6
Frage
Which of the following of medical systems would not be considered part of Alternative & Complementary medicine?
Antworten
-
acupuncture
-
naturopathy
-
homeopathy
-
pharmacotherapy
Frage 7
Frage
Which of the following reasons is the key reason noted in surveys as to why consumers use natural health products?
Antworten
-
belief that natural health products have fewer side effects
-
conventional drug therapy is dangerous to use
-
drug recalls of conventional drug products
-
belief that natural products are better than synthetically produced drugs
-
desire to use more natural approaches to health & wellness
Frage 8
Frage
Who was the physician of the 1st Century AD that dominated European medical thought for over 1500 years?
Antworten
-
Hippocrates
-
Galen
-
Paracelsus
-
Dioscorides
Frage 9
Frage
Integrative medicine is another term for:
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following statements distinguishes best the difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plant phytochemicals?
Antworten
-
Primary metabolites are essential for plant survival
-
primary metabolites are substances of the plant that can protect humans from diseases
-
Primary metabolites have no direct involvement in the plant's metabolism and growth
-
Primary metabolites protect the plant from predators
Frage 11
Frage
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be that of terpenes?
Frage 12
Frage
Terpenes are precursors of
Antworten
-
natural antiviral substances
-
semisynthetic antibiotics
-
theophylline compounds
-
plant steroids and sterols
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following pharmacologic effects is a key effect of an alkaloid metabolite of a plant?
Antworten
-
respiratory suppression
-
vasoconstriction
-
muscle contraction
-
vasodilation
Frage 14
Frage
Which of the following phytochemical groups includes flavonoids?
Antworten
-
glycosides
-
terpenes
-
phenolic compounds
-
alkaloids
Frage 15
Frage
Saponin phytochemical components of a plant belong to the:
Antworten
-
flavonoid group
-
phenolic group
-
tannins group
-
terpene group
Frage 16
Frage
The coumarin phytochemicals can act as:
Antworten
-
anticonvulsants
-
laxatives
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following principles is used to evaluate the quality of a herb?
Antworten
-
odor
-
smell
-
taste
-
botanical identity
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following statements about a marker of a plant is not true
Antworten
-
it can be any herb constituent
-
is always an active ingredient of a plan
-
used to standardize herbal potency
-
must be scientifically identified and quatified
Frage 19
Frage
Adulteration of a plant material refers to:
Antworten
-
unintentional inclusion of foreign substances
-
intentional addition of other plant species material and/or foreign substances.
-
soil contaminants during plant harvest
-
plant infidelity to other plants of the same species
Frage 20
Frage
Which of the following standard plant quality authentication tests is not a common authentication test?
Frage 21
Frage
Herbals can be used together with conventional drugs with no concern for adverse events.
Frage 22
Frage
Pharmacodynamic type herb-drug interactions refer to the impact on the bioavailability of the drug.
Frage 23
Frage
The safety of a natural product depends on the product itself and not on the fact that it is named "natural".
Frage 24
Frage
Fluid extracts of natural herbs are less concentrated than tinctures of such herbs.
Frage 25
Frage
Liquid extracts of a herb are commonly either tinctures or aqueous fluids never both types.
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following nutrients has a negative impact on the immune system?
Antworten
-
sugar
-
zinc
-
iron
-
vitamin D
Frage 27
Frage
In addition to the immune system which of the following organs can also be protected by andrographis?
Antworten
-
lungs
-
heart
-
kidneys
-
liver
Frage 28
Frage
Indications for astragalus include:
Frage 29
Frage
Which plant part caries the medicinal substances in Cat's Claw?
Antworten
-
leaves
-
seeds
-
flowers
-
roots
Frage 30
Frage
The preferred product of Cat's Claw to use is the one that:
Antworten
-
contains low level of tetracycline and high levels of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high levels of both tetracycline and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high level of tetracycline oxindole alkaloid
-
contains high level of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid
Frage 31
Frage
Cold FX is reported to increase the activity of one of the following immunoglobulins:
Frage 32
Frage
A common indication for taking Echinacea is to:
Antworten
-
correct gastrointestinal problems
-
treat migraine headaches
-
prevent and treat common colds
-
increase energy and endurance
Frage 33
Frage
Which drugs have the potential to interact with Echinacea?
Antworten
-
antibiotics
-
diuretics
-
immunosuppressants
-
non-steroidal analgesics
Frage 34
Frage
The active medicinal constituents of Elderberry include:
Antworten
-
terpenes
-
sterols
-
alkaloids
-
flavonoids
Frage 35
Frage
Goldenseal is contraindicated in individuals with:
Antworten
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
-
high cholesterol
-
gout
Frage 36
Frage
Elderberry's mechanism of action in improving an immune system response includes:
Antworten
-
stimulation of both spleen and lymph nodes
-
stimulation of interleukin and tumor necrotic factor production
-
bone marrow stimulation
-
increase white blood cell production
Frage 37
Frage
Shiitake mushrooms can be used as adjunct therapy to treat:
Antworten
-
ulcers
-
cancer
-
crohn's disease
-
jaundice
Frage 38
Frage
What is/are the key active constituents in maitake mushrooms?
Antworten
-
flavones
-
carotenoids
-
terpenes
-
polysaccharides
Frage 39
Frage
How does borage oil help in cardiovascular diseases?
Antworten
-
by preventing platelet aggregation
-
by reducing heart rate
-
by blocking the inflammatory effects of prostaglandins
-
by reducing vascular resistance
Frage 40
Frage
What are the key pharmacologic effects of carnitine that help individuals with cardiovascular problems?
Antworten
-
prevention of cholesterol absorption from the gut
-
increase coronary blood flow
-
decrease of blood vessel constriction
-
decrease in both LDL & VLDL
Frage 41
Frage
The key constituents of garlic includes:
Antworten
-
flavones
-
polysaccharides
-
sulfur
-
lignans
Frage 42
Frage
A major mechanism of garlic's cardiovascular action includes:
Antworten
-
direct effect on the myocardium
-
increase in ATP production
-
increase in cardiac output
-
interference with cholesterol metabolism
Frage 43
Frage
Garlic has the potential to increase the pharmacologic effects of:
Antworten
-
diuretics
-
beta blockers
-
anticoagulants
-
corticosteroids
Frage 44
Frage
Coenzyme Q10 is a strong:
Antworten
-
anticholesterol agent
-
anticoagulant agonist
-
antioxidant
-
hepatoprotector
Frage 45
Frage
A key indication of evening primrose oil includes:
Frage 46
Frage
Ginkgo can be used in cerebral insufficiency
Frage 47
Frage
Guggul cardiovascular effects include reduction of blood pressure
Frage 48
Frage
One of Hawthorn's mechanism of lowering blood pressure vascular dilation is due to inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Frage 49
Frage
Arginine supports cardiovascular improvement by stimulating production nitric oxide synthase.
Frage 50
Frage
One of the key mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing heart attacks is it's ability to stabilize the electrical activity of the heart
Frage 51
Frage
The key active ingredients of astaxanthin include:
Antworten
-
polysaccharides
-
carotenoids
-
flavonoids
-
phenolic acids
Frage 52
Frage
Astaxanthin pharmacologic effect in the treatment of arthritic conditions includes:
Frage 53
Frage
The proposed mechanism of Boswellia pharmacologic effects in treating arthritis includes:
Antworten
-
stimulation of the immune system
-
control of leukotriene production
-
inhibition of cartilage breakdown
-
increased the production of MSM
Frage 54
Frage
Bromelain is a component of:
Antworten
-
wild cherry
-
grapefruit
-
pineapple
-
avocado
Frage 55
Frage
Bromelain can potentiate the effects of:
Antworten
-
immunosuppressants
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
-
hypoglycemics
Frage 56
Frage
The key mechanism of action of Cayenne pepper in treating arthritic pain and inflammation includes:
Antworten
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance P from nerve endings
-
Reduction of inflammatory prostaglandins
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance C from nerve endings
-
Increase of hormonal endorphins
Frage 57
Frage
Devil claw's anti-arthritic mechanism of action is believed to be due to:
Antworten
-
inhibition of cyclooxygenase
-
interference with prostaglandin synthesis
-
inhibition of leukotrienes
-
replenishment of synovial fluid
Frage 58
Frage
How does chondroitin help improve cartilage when used to treat arthritic conditions?
Antworten
-
metabolizes nutrients such as shark cartilage to become human joint cartilage
-
Stimulates cartilage production by the bone marrow
-
Stimulates osteoblast activity to produce cartilage
-
improves water retention and elasticity of cartilage
Frage 59
Frage
The key components of fish oil that help with improving arthritic conditions include:
Frage 60
Frage
Glucosamine should be used with caution in patients with:
Antworten
-
asthma
-
osteoporosis
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
Frage 61
Frage
What is the active component of glucosamine essential for cartilage production?
Antworten
-
sulfur
-
calcium
-
phosphorus
-
magnesium
Frage 62
Frage
Which of the following inflammatory mediators are inhibited by glucosamine to reduce inflammation?
Antworten
-
prostaglandin PGE2
-
substance C
-
histamine
-
hyaluronic acid
Frage 63
Frage
Krill oil is more effective than fish oil in relieving joint pain because:
Antworten
-
it has phospholipid type EPA & DHA found more effective
-
It has a higher EPA/DHA levels than fish oil
-
it is more pure than fish oil
-
it contains higher levels of Omega 3 fatty acids than fish oil
Frage 64
Frage
What has been reported as to the mechanism of MSM in reducing inflammation and pain in treating arthritic conditions?
Antworten
-
providing sulfur essential for connective tissue synthesis and collagen maintenance.
-
mobilizing calcium to improve connective tissue formation
-
stimulating chondrocytes to produce more cartilage
-
increasing hyaluronic acid
Frage 65
Frage
SAMe is synthesized in living cells from:
Antworten
-
Methionine & sulfur
-
tryptophan & ATP
-
Methionine & ATP
-
Tryptophan & ADP
Frage 66
Frage
in which of the following conditions would the use of Stinging Nettle would be contraindicated?
Antworten
-
hypercholesterolemia
-
hemochromatosis
-
anemia
-
Asthma
Frage 67
Frage
The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid includes:
Antworten
-
Increase of synovial fluid and cushioning of joints
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent release of cytokines
-
Increase osteocyte activity to produce more cartilage
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent dissolution and destruction of cartilage
Frage 68
Frage
Which of the following hormones has been reported to contribute to obesity and being overweight?
Antworten
-
hydrocortisone
-
growth hormone
-
insulin
-
leptin
Frage 69
Frage
How does hydroxycitric acid promote weight loss?
Frage 70
Frage
Chromium has been included in weight control diets because:
Antworten
-
enhances glucose transport to the liver and muscles
-
improves glucose tolerance
-
increases insulin sensitivity
-
decreases insulin sensitivity
Frage 71
Frage
Diet supplements containing caffeine are believed to reduce obesity and overweight by increasing metabolic rate
Frage 72
Frage
Green tea has thermogenic and fat oxidizing properties
Frage 73
Frage
Royal jelly can be used to combat overweight and obesity
Frage 74
Frage
Ginseng has been reported to improve energy and the heart.
Frage 75
Frage
Royal jelly is a good source of calcium and thus good source for bone structure.
Frage 76
Frage
How does coenzyme Q10 help those with neurologic conditions?
Antworten
-
by increasing/decreasing certain neurotransmitters
-
by improving nerve function
-
by protecting neurons from radicals
-
by protecting the myelin sheath of the nerves
Frage 77
Frage
One of the key mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba in improving short term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease includes:
Antworten
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
improve nerve impulse conduction
-
increase microvascular circulation in the brain
-
reduce nerve inflammation
Frage 78
Frage
which of the following mechanisms of action in treating Alzheimer's disease is the of Huperzine A ?
Antworten
-
act as a competitive cholinergic agonist
-
act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-
stimulate acetylcholine production in the central nervous system
-
act as regenerator of memory nerve cells
Frage 79
Frage
Chamomile causes relaxation and a sedative effect by:
Antworten
-
by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors
-
by direct depressing effect on the CNS
-
by blockage of excitatory impulses from the hypothalamus
-
by binding to the cholinergic receptors
Frage 80
Frage
The key mechanism of Lemon balm to produce sedation involves:
Antworten
-
effect on GABA neurotransmitter production
-
effect on the hippocampus of the brain
-
effect in the benzodiazepine receptors
-
effect on the pineal gland
Frage 81
Frage
Which of the following conditions can be treated by melatonin?
Antworten
-
dementia
-
Alzheimer's
-
jet-lag
-
anxiety
Frage 82
Frage
The starting substance for the production of melatonin is:
Antworten
-
serotonin
-
lysine
-
tryptophan
-
methionine
Frage 83
Frage
which of the following medication groups can deplete melatonin?
Antworten
-
anticoagulants
-
antilipemic
-
antibiotics
-
antidepressants
Frage 84
Frage
Passion flower has been reported to cause muscle relaxation and sedation by:
Antworten
-
increasing serotonin levels
-
inhibition of MAO (monoamine oxidase)
-
increasing dopamine levels
-
stimulation of MAO(monoamine oxidase)
Frage 85
Frage
Which of the following medications effects can potentially be increased when given together with skullcap?
Antworten
-
hydrochlorothiazide
-
warfarin
-
imovane
-
thyroxine
Frage 86
Frage
Valerian's mechanism causing calming and sedation is reported to be due to its effects on:
Frage 87
Frage
Valerian can potentiate the effect of:
Antworten
-
antihypertensives
-
sedatives
-
antiplatelets
-
anticoagulants
Frage 88
Frage
Inositol has been reported to be used in the treatment of:
Antworten
-
parkinson's disease
-
schizophrenia
-
alzheimer's disease
-
bulimia
Frage 89
Frage
Which of the following medication's metabolism could be induced by the presence of St John's wort
Antworten
-
azithromycin
-
thyroxine
-
dilantin
-
warfarin
Frage 90
Frage
What is the mechanism of Remember FX claimed to be responsible for improving memory and mental alertness?
Antworten
-
increase norepinephrine production
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
increase serotonin production
-
increase nerve stimulation
Frage 91
Frage
Which of the following phytochemical constituents is the active constituent of St John's wort?
Antworten
-
quercetin
-
essential oils
-
taurine
-
hypericin
Frage 92
Frage
How does cranberry prevent urinary bladder infections?
Antworten
-
it is metabolized to a toxic substance that kills bacteria
-
stimulates urination to wash out the bacteria
-
prevents bacteria from sticking to the walls of the bladder
-
it kills bacteria
Frage 93
Frage
which of the following pro-biotics is used to treat colicky infants?
Antworten
-
Align
-
HNF Forte
-
BioGaia
-
TuZen
Frage 94
Frage
A reported indication for bearberry includes:
Antworten
-
orchitis
-
psoriasis
-
cystitis
-
arthritis
Frage 95
Frage
What type of laxative would cascara be?
Antworten
-
cathartic
-
osmotic
-
stimulating
-
lubricant
Frage 96
Frage
Ginger increases the effect of anti-coagulants.
Frage 97
Frage
Probiotics can produce vitamin B6
Frage 98
Frage
Milk thistle can be use to protect the gallbladder from chemical damage.
Frage 99
Frage
Bifidobacteria species are commonly found in the large intestine
Frage 100
Frage
What is the key biological problem with diabetes type 2?
Frage 101
Frage
How does fiber help to prevent diabetes mellitus?
Antworten
-
increases insulin secretion
-
increases carbohydrate metabolism
-
provides catalytic enzymes to digest glucose
-
slows down the digestion and absorption of glucose
Frage 102
Frage
The key constituent of bitter melon found to reduce blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes is:
Antworten
-
flavones
-
alkaloids
-
polypeptide -P protein
-
C-peptide protein
Frage 103
Frage
Which of the following medicinal constituents is responsible for cinnamon's pharmacologic effect on diabetes?
Antworten
-
flavonoids
-
polyphenols
-
saponins
-
tannins
Frage 104
Frage
Which of the following anti-diabetic effect is not a pharmacologic effect of bitter melon?
Frage 105
Frage
Which of the following minerals has been used as an adjunct to diabetic treatment?
Antworten
-
chromium
-
iron
-
copper
-
potassium
Frage 106
Frage
Fenugreek should be avoided during pregnancy because:
Antworten
-
it has the potential to cause hypoglycemia to the fetus
-
it can decrease breast milk production
-
it can cause teratogenic effects to the fetus
-
it has the potential to stimulate uterine contraction
Frage 107
Frage
Which of the following NHP's has been used to reduce cravings for sweets?
Antworten
-
fenugreek
-
cinnamon
-
bitter melon
-
gymnema
Frage 108
Frage
Psyllium has been claimed to have the ability to lower blood glucose levels by:
Antworten
-
increasing glucose metabolism
-
reduce glucose absorption from the gut
-
increase insulin sensitivity
-
prevent glucose uptake by the cells
Frage 109
Frage
Which of the following natural products currently sold in some pharmacies is promoted to relieve neuropathic pain?
Antworten
-
myoflex cream
-
neuragen topical liquid
-
oregano liniment
-
guggul lotion
Frage 110
Frage
In order to prevent and/or minimize drug binding, psyllium should be taken:
Antworten
-
2 hours before taking the drug
-
2 hours before or after taking the drug
-
30 minutes before taking the drug
-
1 hour before taking the drug
Frage 111
Frage
Saw Palmetto is indicated to treat:
Frage 112
Frage
Which of the following NHP's would be indicated for male impotence?
Antworten
-
saw palmetto
-
viagra
-
pygeum
-
yohimbe
Frage 113
Frage
Which of the following substances is believed to be responsible for the vasodilating effect of Dong quai?
Antworten
-
salicylic acid
-
omega -3 fatty acid
-
tartaric acid
-
nicotinic acid
Frage 114
Frage
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of black cohosh?
Frage 115
Frage
Which of the following group of drugs could have an increased pharmacologic effect when given together with Black Cohosh?
Antworten
-
antihypertensives
-
antiplatelet drugs
-
anti-inflammatory
-
anti-cholesterol drugs
Frage 116
Frage
Cernilton has been used in Europe to treat:
Frage 117
Frage
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of chasteberry?
Frage 118
Frage
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be used to treat:
Antworten
-
female infertility
-
male erectile dysfunction
-
increase estrogen production
-
decrease prolactin secretion
Frage 119
Frage
Which of the following phytochemicals has been found to be most useful in treating menopausal symptoms?
Antworten
-
flavonoids
-
terpenoids
-
phytosterols
-
alkaloids
Frage 120
Frage
Saw palmetto is commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms.
Frage 121
Frage
Pygeums pharmacologic effect includes blockage of 5-alpha reductase biosynthesis.
Frage 122
Frage
Soy's active ingredients includes phytoandrogens.
Frage 123
Frage
Yohimbe is used to treat male impotence and erectile dysfunction.
Frage 124
Frage
A key indication for saw palmetto is treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.