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What are the five key objectives of science in Empiricism?
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prediction, summary, conclusion, explanation, description
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influence, prediction, questions, exploration, answers
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exploration, description, explanation, prediction, influence
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questions, answers, prediction, explanation, summary
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Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?
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Rationalistic reasoning
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Deductive reasoning
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Probabilistic reasoning
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Inductive reasoning
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Which “scientific method” follows these steps: 1) observation/data, 2) patterns, 3) theory?
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Inductive
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Deductive
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Implosion
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Top down
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All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except:
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it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data
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it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect
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it uses the deductive scientific method
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it rarely is conducted in a controlled setting or environment
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The Aim or Statement of Purpose in a research study should:
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Identify the design of the study
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Identify the intent or objective of the study
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Specify the type of people to be used in the study
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Describe the study
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One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
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Identifying a researchable problem
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Developing a research plan
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Statement of the research question
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Conducting a meta-analysis of the research
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A review of current research
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Systematic error is associated with:
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An ordinal scale is used to rank order people, objects, or characteristics.
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What is a research design?
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A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
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The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph
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A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
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The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
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A research plan _____.
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A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally ______.
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Is made after the literature review
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Will help guide the research process
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Is made prior to the literature review
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All of the above
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Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except:
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it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest
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it relies on the collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures
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it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world
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it uses the inductive scientific method
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Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?
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Deductive method
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Inductive method
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Hypothesis method
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Pattern method
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Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories?
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Deductive method
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Inductive method
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Hypothesis method
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Pattern method
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If a study is "reliable", this means that:
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The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions
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It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
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The findings can be generalised to other social settings/ populations
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The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated
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Reliability is most simply known as which of the following?
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Consistency or stability
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Appropriateness of interpretations on the basis of test scores
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Ways in which people are the same
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A rank order of participants on some characteristic
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When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called:
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Which of the following statements are true?
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The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
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The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
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The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
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As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval
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Sampling in qualitative research is generally not:
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Simple random sampling
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Systematic sampling
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Quota sampling
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Purposive sampling
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Which of the following is not a form of non-random sampling?