Frage 1
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What does nonverbal behavior communicate?
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Relational messages
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Status
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assimilation
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anxiety
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deception
Frage 2
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what are the 6 nonverbal codes
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facial expressions
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proxemics
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semioticcs
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seperation
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eye contact
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gestures
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chronemics
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silence
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dialogue
Frage 3
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analysis of the nature of & relationship between signs. Study of signs & symbols of communication & their meanings. Study of meaning in tattoos, ads, clothing's, etc. multiple meanings usually take place.
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed, and often change with flux of people.
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contact vs. non contact cultures.
Frage 4
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What are cultural identities & cultural spaces?
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home
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neighborhood
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regionalism
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land
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cars
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town
Frage 5
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Define "Postmodern cultural space"
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed- and often change with flux of people.
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when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
Frage 6
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type of cultural adaption in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people
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an individual who leaves the primary cultural context that they were raised in & moves to a new cultural context for an extended time (short or long term) and can be voluntary or involuntary
Frage 7
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What is a sojourner?
Frage 8
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What is an immigrant?
Frage 9
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Name the migrant-host relationships
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assimilation
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separation
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integration
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marginalization
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cultural hybridity
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culture shock
Frage 10
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assimilation is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
Frage 11
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What is separation?
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her own original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Frage 12
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what is marginalization?
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when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
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migrants & families who often combine the four different modes of relating to the host society depending on the issues.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Frage 13
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what is integration?
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual maintains both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people.
Frage 14
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What two components are apart of the transition model?
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Flight approach
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Fight approach
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Run approach
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Duck approach
Frage 15
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The Flight approach is when an individual uses trial & error to coping with a new situation
Frage 16
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The Flight approach is a strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment.
Frage 17
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a combination between flight approach and fight approach
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when you show off your muscles
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process of adaption through stress, adjustment & growth
Frage 18
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The integrative model is the goal of effective intercultural communication through reducing of anxiety & seeking of information.
Frage 19
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The integrative model is?
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the process of adaption through stress, adjustment, and growth
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the process of adaption through age, gender, and preparation
Frage 20
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What is the "U" curve
Frage 21
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Three parts to the "U" curve
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excitement & adaption
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laughter & tears
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shock & disorientation
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gradual adaptation
Frage 22
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define culture shock
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relatively short-term feeling of disorientation
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feeling like you need to go home
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experiencing a new country and hating it and judging everyone
Frage 23
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What is the Anxiety & Uncertainty Management Model?
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the goal of effective intercultural communication that can be reached by reducing anxiety & seeking information
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the goal of finding others with shared interests and learning to speak their language and avoiding culture shock.
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the goal of preparation and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
Frage 24
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what is "individual influences on adaptation?
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age, gender, preparation level and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
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process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context
Frage 25
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What is Uncertainty Reduction?
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process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference.
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the process of being to anxious so you lessen your interactions
Frage 26
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What are the two kinds of uncertainty?
Frage 27
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Predictive uncertainty is a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do
Frage 28
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Explanatory uncertainty is in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave the way that they do.
Frage 29
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What are the outcomes of adaptation?
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psychological health
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functional fitness
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intercultural identity
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ethnocentrism
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gender roles
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cultural values
Frage 30
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Functional fitness is?
Frage 31
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psychological health is?
Frage 32
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what is intercultural identity?
Frage 33
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What is the phenomenological model?
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research approach that seeks in depth explanations of human experiences. In three steps- taking things for granted, making sense of new patterns, and coming to understanding new information.
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some loss and some gain, through flight, fight, and flex
Frage 34
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What are the 3 steps to the phenomenological model?
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taking things for granted?
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crying in a corner
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making sense of new patterns
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asking for forgiveness
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coming to an understanding of new information
Frage 35
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what is liminality?
Frage 36
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what is multicultural identity?
Frage 37
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define "Folk Culture"
Frage 38
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What are the 4 significant characteristics of popular culture?
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it is produced by cultural industries
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it differs from folk culture
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it is only found on the radio
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it is everywhere
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it fills a social function
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everywhere likes popular culture
Frage 39
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What is Stuart Hall's encoding & decoding?
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encoding is the process of creating a message for others to understand.
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decoding is the process of interpreting a message.
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encoding is done on a computer
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decoding only happen when you interpret the right message
Frage 40
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What is the notion of resisting?
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members of any culture have diverse reactions to popular images, and it is important to asses for communication, culture, context, and power. You must know the historical contexts, and have critical views on the "rewriting" of past injustices.
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You resist how new culture effects your life and you use popular images to asses culture and communication. You do not know historical contexts and you do not have a critical viewpoint.
Frage 41
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Cultural imperialism is domination through the spread of cultural products
Frage 42
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cultural imperialism is the domination through the spread of media
Frage 43
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media imperialism is the domination or control through media.
Frage 44
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What are the 6 intercultural relationship dialectics?
Frage 45
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What are benefits of intercultural relationships?
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acquire specific & general cultural knowledge beyond our local communities
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breaking down & getting beyond stereotypes
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acquire new skills sets (cooking, language)
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get to have deeper conversations
Frage 46
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What are challenges of intercultural relationships?
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you are being racist
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dealing with cultural differences
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tendency to stereotype
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you think you are better then them
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anxiety
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depression
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challenge to explain relationship to others
Frage 47
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chinese word for superficial
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chinese term for relational network. "relationships of social connection built on shared identities such as native place, kinship, or attending the same school"
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chinese terms for being involved with someone of a different culture that you met from school or work.
Frage 48
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What are the layers of Lewin's Friendship Concentric Circle?
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outerboundary- superficial information
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middle circle- personal information
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inner circle- very personal, private information
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center- marriage and same culture
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outercircle- very basic information
Frage 49
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define "cognitive consistency"
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having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
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having an attraction that is the same throughout a certain number of years
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individuals have similar traits to yours
Frage 50
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what is the "similarity principle"
Frage 51
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What is the proximity principle?
Frage 52
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What are Romano's characteristics of challenges in international marriages?
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cultural values
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eating and drinking habits
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sleeping habits
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attitudes regarding time usage
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language issues
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religion
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place of residence
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dealing with anxiety/ stress due to negotiating differences
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social stigma/opposition
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how to raise children
Frage 53
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what are the 4 couple styles interaction to work out power balance in the intercultural relationship?
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submission style
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compromise style
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obliteration style
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consensus style
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conflict style
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opportunity style
Frage 54
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what is the submission style ?
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each gives up parts of their cultural habits. this seems fair, but both parties must be okay with what they give up.
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the most common. one partner submits to the culture of the other- maybe different in public vs private
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attempt to erase individual culture to make "new" culture. "Home" to neither, and is not good for long term
Frage 55
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Compromise style is when each gives up parts of their cultural habits, but it is only fair when both are okay with what they give up.
Frage 56
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The consensus style is the most desirable and is a negotiation and both parties are happy with overall changes.
Frage 57
Antworten
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destructive and confrontational. both parties do not agree and there is no order.
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involving a perceived or real incompatibility of goals, values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more interdependent individuals or groups
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values and expectations create havick and both parties leave feeling like they are now independent.
Frage 58
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what are the 2 orientations of conflict?
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opportunity
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conflict as destructive
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values
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peace offered
Frage 59
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steps of Opportunity conflict:
Antworten
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conflict is a normal useful process
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conflict is not okay
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all issues subject to change through negotiation
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direct confrontation & conciliation are valued
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direct confrontation & conciliation are not valued
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conflict is a necessary renegotiation of an implied contract- redistribution of opportunity, release of tensions, renewal of relationships
Frage 60
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what the steps to conflict as destructive:
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conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace
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it is peaceful to have conflict
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social system should not be adjusted to meet the needs of members, rather members should adapt to est. values.
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confrontations leads to renewal
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confrontations are destructive & ineffective
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disputants should be disciplined
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helps with negotiations
Frage 61
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5 types of conflict:
Antworten
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affective conflict
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conflict of interest
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conflict of peace
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value conflict
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cognitive conflict
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goal conflict
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destructive conflict
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opportunity conflict
Frage 62
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affective conflict is conflict that differs on ideologies on special issues
Frage 63
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affective conflict is:
Antworten
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incompatible emotions/ feelings
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incongruent thought processes or perceptions
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incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue
Frage 64
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conflict of interest conflict:
Antworten
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incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue.
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differ on ideologies on specific issues
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disagree on preferred outcome or end state
Frage 65
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goal conflict is a disagreement on preferred outcome or state
Frage 66
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cognitive conflict is incongruent thought processes or perceptions
Frage 67
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4 styles to approach conflict:
Frage 68
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what is the direct approach?
Antworten
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with a conflict is to use vague & non-specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Frage 69
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what is restraint approach?
Antworten
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by hiding or suppressing feelings & emotions
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Frage 70
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Indirect approach is by using overt displays of feelings
Frage 71
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4 styles to combining the approaches of conflict:
Antworten
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discussion style
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engagement style
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value style
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opportunity style
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liminality style
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accommodating style
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dynamic style
Frage 72
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what is the discussion style?
Antworten
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combines direct & emotional expressive approaches
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combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
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combines direct & emotional restrained approaches
Frage 73
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what is the engagement style?
Antworten
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combine the direct & emotional restrained approaches
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combine direct & emotional expressive approaches
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combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
Frage 74
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what is the accommodating style?
Antworten
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combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
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combines direct & emotional restrained approach
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combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Frage 75
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what is the dynamic style?
Antworten
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combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
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combines the direct & emotional expressive approach
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combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Frage 76
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7 suggestions for managing intercultural conflict:
Antworten
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stay centered, do not polarize
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maintain contact
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identify your preferred style
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immediately shut down
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be willing to forgive
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do not be open for change
Frage 77
Antworten
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the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence
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communication strategies used to "save" our own or someone else's "face" or public image
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to ease in with an individual on how to cope with situations in which a great deal is unknown
Frage 78
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4 individual components of intercultural communication competence:
Antworten
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motivation
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knowledge
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liminality
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attitudes
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peace
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behaviors & skills
Frage 79
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what is motivation?
Antworten
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perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
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as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) other, & various aspects of communication.
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tolerance of ambiguity, empathy, and nonjudgementalism.
Frage 80
Antworten
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perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
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tolerance for ambiguity, empath, nonjudgementalism
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as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) others, & various aspects of communication
Frage 81
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3 parts to knowledge:
Antworten
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self-knowledge
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other-knowledge
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linguistic-knowledge
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value-knowledge
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facework-knowledge
Frage 82
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what is the "platinum rule"
Frage 83
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4 levels of intercultural competence:
Antworten
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interaction competence
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unconscious incompetence
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conscious incompetence
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contextual competence
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conscious competence
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unconscious competence
Frage 84
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Unconscious Competence is when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
Frage 85
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Conscious incompetence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together, knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Frage 86
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Conscious incompetence is:
Antworten
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when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
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when one is aware that interaction is not going well, but doesn't understand why
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teach at the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator.
Frage 87
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Conscious competence is the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator
Frage 88
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unconscious competence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together; knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Frage 89
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how may contextual components of intercultural communication competence be constrained?
Frage 90
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How do you apply knowledge about intercultural communication?
Antworten
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entering into dialogue- "keep the cultural conversation going"
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stop learning about different cultures altogether
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becoming interpersonal allies- recognize power & privileges, impact of history & develop orientation of affirmation
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building coalitions
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start dating interculturally
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social justice & transformations
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forgiveness- promote this
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transform