Intercultural Communication Final Aoki

Beschreibung

This is the final for Eric Aoki's Intercultural Communication class at CSU
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What does nonverbal behavior communicate?
Antworten
  • Relational messages
  • Status
  • assimilation
  • anxiety
  • deception

Frage 2

Frage
what are the 6 nonverbal codes
Antworten
  • facial expressions
  • proxemics
  • semioticcs
  • seperation
  • eye contact
  • gestures
  • chronemics
  • silence
  • dialogue

Frage 3

Frage
define "semiotics"
Antworten
  • analysis of the nature of & relationship between signs. Study of signs & symbols of communication & their meanings. Study of meaning in tattoos, ads, clothing's, etc. multiple meanings usually take place.
  • places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed, and often change with flux of people.
  • contact vs. non contact cultures.

Frage 4

Frage
What are cultural identities & cultural spaces?
Antworten
  • home
  • neighborhood
  • regionalism
  • land
  • cars
  • town

Frage 5

Frage
Define "Postmodern cultural space"
Antworten
  • places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed- and often change with flux of people.
  • when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.

Frage 6

Frage
define "migrant"
Antworten
  • type of cultural adaption in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people
  • an individual who leaves the primary cultural context that they were raised in & moves to a new cultural context for an extended time (short or long term) and can be voluntary or involuntary

Frage 7

Frage
What is a sojourner?
Antworten
  • someone who travels for a limited time & with a specific purpose
  • individuals or families that often voluntarily leave one country to live in another

Frage 8

Frage
What is an immigrant?
Antworten
  • someone who travels for a limited time & with a specific purpose
  • individuals/families that often voluntarily leave on country to live in another

Frage 9

Frage
Name the migrant-host relationships
Antworten
  • assimilation
  • separation
  • integration
  • marginalization
  • cultural hybridity
  • culture shock

Frage 10

Frage
assimilation is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
What is separation?
Antworten
  • a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
  • a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her own original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
  • type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.

Frage 12

Frage
what is marginalization?
Antworten
  • when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
  • migrants & families who often combine the four different modes of relating to the host society depending on the issues.
  • type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.

Frage 13

Frage
what is integration?
Antworten
  • a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.
  • a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
  • a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual maintains both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people.

Frage 14

Frage
What two components are apart of the transition model?
Antworten
  • Flight approach
  • Fight approach
  • Run approach
  • Duck approach

Frage 15

Frage
The Flight approach is when an individual uses trial & error to coping with a new situation
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 16

Frage
The Flight approach is a strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 17

Frage
What is "flex"?
Antworten
  • a combination between flight approach and fight approach
  • when you show off your muscles
  • process of adaption through stress, adjustment & growth

Frage 18

Frage
The integrative model is the goal of effective intercultural communication through reducing of anxiety & seeking of information.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 19

Frage
The integrative model is?
Antworten
  • the process of adaption through stress, adjustment, and growth
  • the process of adaption through age, gender, and preparation

Frage 20

Frage
What is the "U" curve
Antworten
  • best known as the "culture shock model". Feelings of excitement & anticipation to shock & disorientation to gradual adaptation
  • best known for the re-entry. This occurs when the individual returns home

Frage 21

Frage
Three parts to the "U" curve
Antworten
  • excitement & adaption
  • laughter & tears
  • shock & disorientation
  • gradual adaptation

Frage 22

Frage
define culture shock
Antworten
  • relatively short-term feeling of disorientation
  • feeling like you need to go home
  • experiencing a new country and hating it and judging everyone

Frage 23

Frage
What is the Anxiety & Uncertainty Management Model?
Antworten
  • the goal of effective intercultural communication that can be reached by reducing anxiety & seeking information
  • the goal of finding others with shared interests and learning to speak their language and avoiding culture shock.
  • the goal of preparation and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home

Frage 24

Frage
what is "individual influences on adaptation?
Antworten
  • age, gender, preparation level and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
  • process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
  • state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context

Frage 25

Frage
What is Uncertainty Reduction?
Antworten
  • process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
  • identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference.
  • the process of being to anxious so you lessen your interactions

Frage 26

Frage
What are the two kinds of uncertainty?
Antworten
  • predictive uncertainty
  • explanatory uncertainty
  • unexplanatory uncertainty
  • unpredictive uncertainty

Frage 27

Frage
Predictive uncertainty is a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
Explanatory uncertainty is in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave the way that they do.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
What are the outcomes of adaptation?
Antworten
  • psychological health
  • functional fitness
  • intercultural identity
  • ethnocentrism
  • gender roles
  • cultural values

Frage 30

Frage
Functional fitness is?
Antworten
  • the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts
  • identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference

Frage 31

Frage
psychological health is?
Antworten
  • the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts
  • state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context

Frage 32

Frage
what is intercultural identity?
Antworten
  • identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference
  • the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts

Frage 33

Frage
What is the phenomenological model?
Antworten
  • research approach that seeks in depth explanations of human experiences. In three steps- taking things for granted, making sense of new patterns, and coming to understanding new information.
  • some loss and some gain, through flight, fight, and flex

Frage 34

Frage
What are the 3 steps to the phenomenological model?
Antworten
  • taking things for granted?
  • crying in a corner
  • making sense of new patterns
  • asking for forgiveness
  • coming to an understanding of new information

Frage 35

Frage
what is liminality?
Antworten
  • sense of in-betweennes that develops as a result of frequent cultural border crossings.
  • experiencing being between 2 or more cultural positions

Frage 36

Frage
what is multicultural identity?
Antworten
  • sense of in-betweenness that develops as a result of frequent cultural border crossings.
  • experiencing being between 2 or more cultural positions.

Frage 37

Frage
define "Folk Culture"
Antworten
  • traditional & non mainstream cultural activities that are not financially driven
  • the popular activities that hold a social function

Frage 38

Frage
What are the 4 significant characteristics of popular culture?
Antworten
  • it is produced by cultural industries
  • it differs from folk culture
  • it is only found on the radio
  • it is everywhere
  • it fills a social function
  • everywhere likes popular culture

Frage 39

Frage
What is Stuart Hall's encoding & decoding?
Antworten
  • encoding is the process of creating a message for others to understand.
  • decoding is the process of interpreting a message.
  • encoding is done on a computer
  • decoding only happen when you interpret the right message

Frage 40

Frage
What is the notion of resisting?
Antworten
  • members of any culture have diverse reactions to popular images, and it is important to asses for communication, culture, context, and power. You must know the historical contexts, and have critical views on the "rewriting" of past injustices.
  • You resist how new culture effects your life and you use popular images to asses culture and communication. You do not know historical contexts and you do not have a critical viewpoint.

Frage 41

Frage
Cultural imperialism is domination through the spread of cultural products
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
cultural imperialism is the domination through the spread of media
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 43

Frage
media imperialism is the domination or control through media.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

Frage
What are the 6 intercultural relationship dialectics?
Antworten
  • personal-contextual
  • interpersonal-contextual
  • differences-similarities
  • cultural- individual
  • priviledge-disadvantage
  • older-younger
  • static-dynamic
  • history/past-present/future
  • happy-sad

Frage 45

Frage
What are benefits of intercultural relationships?
Antworten
  • acquire specific & general cultural knowledge beyond our local communities
  • breaking down & getting beyond stereotypes
  • acquire new skills sets (cooking, language)
  • get to have deeper conversations

Frage 46

Frage
What are challenges of intercultural relationships?
Antworten
  • you are being racist
  • dealing with cultural differences
  • tendency to stereotype
  • you think you are better then them
  • anxiety
  • depression
  • challenge to explain relationship to others

Frage 47

Frage
define "Guanxi"
Antworten
  • chinese word for superficial
  • chinese term for relational network. "relationships of social connection built on shared identities such as native place, kinship, or attending the same school"
  • chinese terms for being involved with someone of a different culture that you met from school or work.

Frage 48

Frage
What are the layers of Lewin's Friendship Concentric Circle?
Antworten
  • outerboundary- superficial information
  • middle circle- personal information
  • inner circle- very personal, private information
  • center- marriage and same culture
  • outercircle- very basic information

Frage 49

Frage
define "cognitive consistency"
Antworten
  • having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
  • having an attraction that is the same throughout a certain number of years
  • individuals have similar traits to yours

Frage 50

Frage
what is the "similarity principle"
Antworten
  • having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
  • a relational attraction suggesting that individuals tend to be attracted to people they perceive to be similar to themselves.

Frage 51

Frage
What is the proximity principle?
Antworten
  • individuals create interpersonal relationships based off who's close by.
  • creating relationships based off similarities

Frage 52

Frage
What are Romano's characteristics of challenges in international marriages?
Antworten
  • cultural values
  • eating and drinking habits
  • sleeping habits
  • attitudes regarding time usage
  • language issues
  • religion
  • place of residence
  • dealing with anxiety/ stress due to negotiating differences
  • social stigma/opposition
  • how to raise children

Frage 53

Frage
what are the 4 couple styles interaction to work out power balance in the intercultural relationship?
Antworten
  • submission style
  • compromise style
  • obliteration style
  • consensus style
  • conflict style
  • opportunity style

Frage 54

Frage
what is the submission style ?
Antworten
  • each gives up parts of their cultural habits. this seems fair, but both parties must be okay with what they give up.
  • the most common. one partner submits to the culture of the other- maybe different in public vs private
  • attempt to erase individual culture to make "new" culture. "Home" to neither, and is not good for long term

Frage 55

Frage
Compromise style is when each gives up parts of their cultural habits, but it is only fair when both are okay with what they give up.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

Frage
The consensus style is the most desirable and is a negotiation and both parties are happy with overall changes.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 57

Frage
define "conflict"
Antworten
  • destructive and confrontational. both parties do not agree and there is no order.
  • involving a perceived or real incompatibility of goals, values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more interdependent individuals or groups
  • values and expectations create havick and both parties leave feeling like they are now independent.

Frage 58

Frage
what are the 2 orientations of conflict?
Antworten
  • opportunity
  • conflict as destructive
  • values
  • peace offered

Frage 59

Frage
steps of Opportunity conflict:
Antworten
  • conflict is a normal useful process
  • conflict is not okay
  • all issues subject to change through negotiation
  • direct confrontation & conciliation are valued
  • direct confrontation & conciliation are not valued
  • conflict is a necessary renegotiation of an implied contract- redistribution of opportunity, release of tensions, renewal of relationships

Frage 60

Frage
what the steps to conflict as destructive:
Antworten
  • conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace
  • it is peaceful to have conflict
  • social system should not be adjusted to meet the needs of members, rather members should adapt to est. values.
  • confrontations leads to renewal
  • confrontations are destructive & ineffective
  • disputants should be disciplined
  • helps with negotiations

Frage 61

Frage
5 types of conflict:
Antworten
  • affective conflict
  • conflict of interest
  • conflict of peace
  • value conflict
  • cognitive conflict
  • goal conflict
  • destructive conflict
  • opportunity conflict

Frage 62

Frage
affective conflict is conflict that differs on ideologies on special issues
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 63

Frage
affective conflict is:
Antworten
  • incompatible emotions/ feelings
  • incongruent thought processes or perceptions
  • incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue

Frage 64

Frage
conflict of interest conflict:
Antworten
  • incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue.
  • differ on ideologies on specific issues
  • disagree on preferred outcome or end state

Frage 65

Frage
goal conflict is a disagreement on preferred outcome or state
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 66

Frage
cognitive conflict is incongruent thought processes or perceptions
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 67

Frage
4 styles to approach conflict:
Antworten
  • direct approach
  • indirect approach
  • emotional expressiveness approach
  • restraint approach
  • nonemotional approach
  • value approach
  • goal approach

Frage 68

Frage
what is the direct approach?
Antworten
  • a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
  • a view that the best way to deal with a conflict is to use vague & non-specific language
  • a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings

Frage 69

Frage
what is restraint approach?
Antworten
  • a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by hiding or suppressing feelings & emotions
  • a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
  • a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings

Frage 70

Frage
Indirect approach is by using overt displays of feelings
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 71

Frage
4 styles to combining the approaches of conflict:
Antworten
  • discussion style
  • engagement style
  • value style
  • opportunity style
  • liminality style
  • accommodating style
  • dynamic style

Frage 72

Frage
what is the discussion style?
Antworten
  • combines direct & emotional expressive approaches
  • combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
  • combines direct & emotional restrained approaches

Frage 73

Frage
what is the engagement style?
Antworten
  • combine the direct & emotional restrained approaches
  • combine direct & emotional expressive approaches
  • combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches

Frage 74

Frage
what is the accommodating style?
Antworten
  • combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
  • combines direct & emotional restrained approach
  • combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach

Frage 75

Frage
what is the dynamic style?
Antworten
  • combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
  • combines the direct & emotional expressive approach
  • combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach

Frage 76

Frage
7 suggestions for managing intercultural conflict:
Antworten
  • stay centered, do not polarize
  • maintain contact
  • identify your preferred style
  • immediately shut down
  • be willing to forgive
  • do not be open for change

Frage 77

Frage
define "facework"
Antworten
  • the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence
  • communication strategies used to "save" our own or someone else's "face" or public image
  • to ease in with an individual on how to cope with situations in which a great deal is unknown

Frage 78

Frage
4 individual components of intercultural communication competence:
Antworten
  • motivation
  • knowledge
  • liminality
  • attitudes
  • peace
  • behaviors & skills

Frage 79

Frage
what is motivation?
Antworten
  • perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
  • as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) other, & various aspects of communication.
  • tolerance of ambiguity, empathy, and nonjudgementalism.

Frage 80

Frage
what is knowledge?
Antworten
  • perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
  • tolerance for ambiguity, empath, nonjudgementalism
  • as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) others, & various aspects of communication

Frage 81

Frage
3 parts to knowledge:
Antworten
  • self-knowledge
  • other-knowledge
  • linguistic-knowledge
  • value-knowledge
  • facework-knowledge

Frage 82

Frage
what is the "platinum rule"
Antworten
  • treat others how you would like to be treated
  • do unto others as they themselves would have done unto them

Frage 83

Frage
4 levels of intercultural competence:
Antworten
  • interaction competence
  • unconscious incompetence
  • conscious incompetence
  • contextual competence
  • conscious competence
  • unconscious competence

Frage 84

Frage
Unconscious Competence is when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 85

Frage
Conscious incompetence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together, knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 86

Frage
Conscious incompetence is:
Antworten
  • when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
  • when one is aware that interaction is not going well, but doesn't understand why
  • teach at the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator.

Frage 87

Frage
Conscious competence is the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 88

Frage
unconscious competence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together; knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 89

Frage
how may contextual components of intercultural communication competence be constrained?
Antworten
  • historical & political contexts
  • just political contexts
  • power positions within contexts
  • economic contexts
  • geographical contexts

Frage 90

Frage
How do you apply knowledge about intercultural communication?
Antworten
  • entering into dialogue- "keep the cultural conversation going"
  • stop learning about different cultures altogether
  • becoming interpersonal allies- recognize power & privileges, impact of history & develop orientation of affirmation
  • building coalitions
  • start dating interculturally
  • social justice & transformations
  • forgiveness- promote this
  • transform
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