2741105
Frage 1
Frage
What is important about the lateral horn in relation to motor function?
Antworten
-
It is the part of the spinal cord where motor output originates from the autonomic nervous system
-
It carries ascending signals to the brain
-
It is the part of the spinal cord where sensory input travels from the periphery to the motor cortex
Frage 2
Frage
What is the joining of the sensory and motor fibres called (shown by the green circle)?
Antworten
-
Spinal nerve
-
Hybrid nerve
-
Hybrid root
-
Dorsal root ganglion
Frage 3
Frage
The spinal cord exists between which spinal levels?
Antworten
-
C1 to L2
-
C2 to L1
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C2 to S5
-
C1 to S5
Frage 4
Frage
How many spinal nerves are there in total?
Antworten
-
31
-
30
-
25
-
60
Frage 5
Frage
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
Antworten
-
8
-
5
-
6
-
7
Frage 6
Frage
How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?
Antworten
-
12
-
10
-
14
-
9
Frage 7
Frage
How many lumbar spinal nerves are there?
Antworten
-
5
-
10
-
12
-
3
Frage 8
Frage
How many sacral spinal nerves are there?
Antworten
-
5
-
4
-
8
-
12
Frage 9
Frage
How many coccygeal spinal nerves are there?
Antworten
-
1
-
2
-
5
-
4
Frage 10
Frage
The cervical plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Antworten
-
C1-C5
-
C5-T1
-
L1-L4
-
L4-S4
Frage 11
Frage
The brachial plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Antworten
-
C1-C5
-
C5-T1
-
L1-L4
-
L4-S4
Frage 12
Frage
The lumbar plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Antworten
-
C1-C5
-
C5-T1
-
L1-L4
-
L4-S4
Frage 13
Frage
The sacral plexus is composed of what spinal nerves?
Antworten
-
C1-C5
-
C5-T1
-
L1-L4
-
L4-S4
Frage 14
Frage
A dermatome is what?
Antworten
-
An area of skin with single spinal nerve innervation
-
An area of muscle with single spinal nerve innervation
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An area of muscle with dual spinal nerve innervation
-
An area of skin with dual spinal nerve innervation
Frage 15
Frage
A myotome is what?
Antworten
-
An area of skin with single spinal nerve innervation
-
An area of skin with dual spinal nerve innervation
-
An area of muscle with single spinal nerve innervation
-
An area of muscle with dual spinal nerve innervation
Frage 16
Frage
Chickenpox may reactivate as shingles and effect particular spinal nerves, causing a rash that maps to a particular area of skin that the relevant nerve innervates (dermatome).
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 17
Antworten
-
Central sulcus
-
Lateral sulcus
-
Occipital sulcus
-
Post-central gyrus
Frage 18
Frage
What does the purple question mark show?
Antworten
-
Central sulcus
-
Lateral sulcus
-
Parieto-occipital sulcus
-
Longitudinal fissure
Frage 19
Frage
What does the orange question mark show?
Antworten
-
Parieto-occipital sulcus
-
Lateral sulcus
-
Posterior sulcus
-
Longitudinal fissure
Frage 20
Frage
What is the most common neurotransmitter found at post-ganglionic neurones of the sympathetic nervous system?
Antworten
-
Noradrenaline
-
Acetylcholine
-
Glutamate
-
Vasopressin
Frage 21
Frage
What is the most common neurotransmitter found at post-ganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Antworten
-
Glutamate
-
Acetylcholine
-
Noradrenaline
-
Adrenaline
Frage 22
Frage
Stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract by parasympathetic nerve fibres helps to increase gut motility.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
What routes can a pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron take?
Antworten
-
Travel through the white ramus communicans and ascend the sympathetic chain where it will synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at a higher level
-
Travel through the white ramus communicans and descend the sympathetic chain where it will synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at a lower level
-
Travel through the white ramus communicans and synapse in the sympathetic ganglion at the same level
-
Travel through the white ramus communicans and pass through the sympathetic ganglion without synapsing
Frage 24
Frage
Most organs are dual innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. They always have antagonistic effects to one another.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
Frage
In some organs that are innervated exclusively by the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system, how is autonomic activity regulated?
Antworten
-
Like a volume control
-
Parasympathetic hormones circulate in the blood to counter sympathetic effects and vice versa
Frage 26
Frage
What is meant by diffuse neurotransmission? Where does it occur?
Antworten
-
Somatic nervous system
-
Autonomic nervous system
-
A single neuron branches into many varicosities which contain neurotransmitter that can be released to co-ordinate widespread effects
-
A single neuron releases neurotransmitter that causes an effect in one particular target
Frage 27
Frage
Sympathetic activity causes vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle blood vessels.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
Frage
Post-ganglionic neurons that innervate sweat glands, part of the sympathetic nervous system, release Noradrenaline to stimulate sweat glands.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
The SNS and PNS have an antagonistic effect on the same muscle which causes pupillary dilation and constriction respectively.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
What receptors does Ach act at?
Antworten
-
Muscarinic
-
Nicotinic
-
Adrenergic
-
Monoaminergic
Frage 31
Frage
What receptor does noradrenaline act at?
Antworten
-
Nicotinic
-
Muscarinic
-
Adrenergic
-
Monoaminergic
Frage 32
Frage
Name the agonists of muscarinic receptors
Antworten
-
Pilocarpine
-
Ach
-
Bethanechol
-
Atropine
-
Hyoscine
-
Tropicamide
Frage 33
Frage
Name the competitive antagonists of muscarinic receptors
Antworten
-
Atropine
-
Hyoscine
-
Tropicamide
-
Ach
-
Pilocarpine
-
Bethanechol
Frage 34
Frage
Name a non-competitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors
Antworten
-
Hexamethonium
-
Pilocarpine
-
Atropine
-
Aliskiren
Frage 35
Frage
Noradrenaline binding at alpha adrenoreceptors causes vasoconstriction.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 36
Frage
The heart contains beta 1 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the heart?
Antworten
-
Increased heart rate
-
Increased contractility
-
Decreased heart rate
-
Decreased contractility
Frage 37
Frage
The lungs contains beta 2 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the lung?
Antworten
-
Bronchodilation
-
Bronchoconstriction
Frage 38
Frage
Blood vessels may contain beta 2 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the blood vessels?
Antworten
-
Vasodilation
-
Vasoconstriction
Frage 39
Frage
The bladder contains beta 3 adrenoreceptors. What effect does the sympathetic nervous system produce in the bladder?
Antworten
-
Relaxation
-
Contraction
Frage 40
Frage
What myenteric plexus is found between which two layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
Antworten
-
Mucosa
-
Circular muscle
-
Longitudinal muscle
Frage 41
Frage
What submucosal plexus is found between which two layers of the gastrointestinal tract?
Antworten
-
Mucosa
-
Circular muscle
-
Longitudinal muscle
Frage 42
Frage
The myenteric plexus is the co-ordinator of muscular reflexes such as peristalsis.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
Frage
What excitatory neurotransmitters help to contract the gut in peristalsis (green question mark)?
Antworten
-
Substance P
-
Ach
-
NO
-
VIP
-
ATP
Frage 44
Frage
What inhibitory neurotransmitters help to relax the gut in peristalsis (red question mark)?
Antworten
-
Substance P
-
Ach
-
VIP
-
NO
-
ATP
Frage 45
Frage
The submucosal plexus co-ordinates secretory enzyme and acid release in response to...
Antworten
-
Mechanical distension
-
Chemical detection
-
Pressure detection
Frage 46
Frage
The CNS can influence the ENS.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 47
Frage
The myenteric plexus releases vasoactive substances.
Antworten
- True
- False
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