Radiography

Question

What does radiolucent mean?

Answer 1

Opaque to x-rays

Answer 2

Invisible to x-rays

Answer 3

Focusing cup

Answer 4

Target (anode)

Answer 5

Focusing cup

Answer 6

Target (anode)

Answer 7

Glass envelope

Answer 8

Glass envelope

Answer 9

Glass envelope

Answer 10

The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side

Answer 11

The beam is more concentrated on the anode side

Answer 12

The imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam

Answer 13

The imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Answer 14

The beam is more concentrated on the cathode side

Answer 15

The beam is more concentrated on the anode side

Answer 16

An imaginary line following the centremost part of the beam

Answer 17

An imaginary line following the outermost part of the beam

Answer 18

Yes - it causes sharpness of the image and decreases the patient's radiation dose

Answer 19

No - it causes unsharpness of the image and increases the patient's radiation dose

Answer 20

Collimator

Answer 21

Target (anode)

Answer 22

Reflects/absorbs the x-rays

Answer 23

Concentrates the beam

Answer 24

Close to the Bucky, far away from the tube

Answer 25

Far away from the Bucky, close to the tube

Answer 26

Close to the Bucky, close to the tube

Answer 27

Far away from the Bucky, far away from the tube

Answer 28

Some x-rays are absorbed and stop their travel

Answer 29

Some are scattered and continue to travel

Answer 30

All scattered x-rays continue to travel in the correct direction

Answer 31

A remnant beam exits the patient

Answer 32

The remnant beam is accompanied by any scatter travelling in a similar direction

Answer 33

All scattered x-rays will accompany the remnant beam

Answer 34

It is placed immediately in front of the patient

Answer 35

It has a tray to hold the receptor

Answer 36

It has a grid to allow as much scatter as possible to reach the receptor

Answer 37

It has a grid to prevent as much scatter as possible from reaching the receptor

Answer 38

There are different types of grids

Answer 39

Collimator

Answer 40

Collimator

Answer 41

Collimator

Answer 42

Relationship between the height of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them

Answer 43

Relationship between the weight of the lead strips and the width of the spaces between them

Answer 44

Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away

Answer 45

Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Answer 46

Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away

Answer 47

Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Answer 48

Angled - matches angles of the x-rays exiting the patient, must be used with the tube at a specific distance away

Answer 49

Moving - increases efficiency and hides any lines that may be caused by the grid material

Answer 50

Device used to capture the remnant beam

Answer 51

Device used to capture the scatter beams

Answer 52

Can be a film or digital system

Answer 53

A single piece of film is supported in a cassette

Answer 54

A film is typically one-sided

Answer 55

There is an intensifying screen on one side of the film

Answer 56

The film needs to be processed in a darkroom so the image becomes visible

Answer 57

A single sided receptor array supported in a cassette

Answer 58

There is also a filament in the cassette

Answer 59

The image has already been processed electronically

Answer 60

The latent image is formed directly on the receptor, which reacts to the x-ray beam

Answer 61

Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam

Answer 62

Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode

Answer 63

The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Answer 64

Controls the number of electrons crossing from the cathode to the anode

Answer 65

Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam

Answer 66

The time that the electrons are allowed to cross the tube for

Answer 67

3400 revolutions

Answer 68

3000 revolutions

Answer 69

3200 revolutions

Answer 70

3600 revolutions

Answer 71

Reduces wear

Answer 72

Spreads the load on the anode

Answer 73

Allows lower tube currents

Answer 74

Allow shorter times

Answer 75

The x-ray beam is heterogeneous

Answer 76

The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how far an electron penetrates a target atom

Answer 77

The energy of the Bremsstrahlung x-ray will vary depending on how quickly an electron penetrates a target atom

Answer 78

X-rays of a single energy will be produced

Answer 79

kVP controls the range of energies produced

Answer 80

mA controls the range of energies produced

Answer 81

Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate weaker x-rays, the inner part is stronger

Answer 82

Interactions in the outer part of the atom generate stronger x-rays, the inner part is weaker

Answer 83

X-ray Bremsstrahlung comprises a range of energies from an identifiable maximum to an indeterminate minimum

Answer 84

kVp controls the maximum energy within the beam

Answer 85

kVp controls the minimum energy within the beam

Answer 86

mA and s control the number of photons of energy within the beam

Answer 87

mA and s control the penetration rate of photons within the beam

Answer 88

Filament and focusing cup

Answer 89

Filament and bearings

Answer 90

Bearings and rotor

Answer 91

Rotor and focusing cup

Answer 92

Cloud of electrons (thermionic emission)

Answer 93

Cloud of protons (thermionic emission)

Answer 94

Cloud of atoms (thermionic emission)

Answer 95

Positively

Answer 96

Negatively

Answer 97

Encounters a smaller area of the target

Answer 98

Encounters a larger area of the target

Answer 99

All directions

Answer 100

Beam travelling towards the patient

Answer 101

Beam travelling away from the patient

Answer 102

Beam travelling upwards through the patient

Answer 103

Beam travelling downwards through the patient

Answer 104

Absorbs the heat that is produced

Answer 105

Reduces the scatter

Answer 106

Decreases the amount of electron penetration

Answer 107

Decreases the number of electrons of energy in the beam

Answer 108

Improves quality of the image

Answer 109

Limits the beam

Answer 110

Not a legal requirement

Answer 111

Restricting the beam reduces scatter

Answer 112

Restricting the beam increases scatter

Answer 113

Reducing scatter radiation improves image quality

Answer 114

Reducing scatter radiation reduces image quality

Answer 115

Restricting the beam reduces the patient's radiation dose

Answer 116

Restricting the beam increases the patient's radiation dose

Answer 117

Compton scatter

Answer 118

Compton electron

Answer 119

Recoil electron

Answer 120

Photon - becomes recoil/Compton electron

Answer 121

Neutron - becomes recoil/Compton electron

Answer 122

Electron - becomes Compton scatter

Answer 123

Photon - becomes Compton scatter

Answer 124

Retains the remainder energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction

Answer 125

Increases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction

Answer 126

Decreases its energy, but changes course (scatters) in a random direction

Answer 127

Less image

Answer 128

More image

Answer 129

Higher patient dose

Answer 130

Produces more scatter

Answer 131

Decreases clarity of the image

Answer 132

Overall darkness of the image

Answer 133

Overall lightness of the image

Answer 134

Balance of kVp and mA is needed

Answer 135

kVp controls penetration

Answer 136

mA controls the colour of the image

Answer 137

Allows you to set kVp, mA and s

Answer 138

Allows upright v recumbent grids to be selected

Answer 139

Allows exposure to be made

Answer 140

Allows AEC (Automatic Exposure Chamber) and exact chamber to be selected

Answer 141

Smaller target

Answer 142

Larger target

Answer 143

Appropriate target sizes are used to avoid overheating the target material

Answer 144

The target size affects the quality of the image

Answer 145

The smaller target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred

Answer 146

The larger target produces a larger penumbra around the image - causing it to looked blurred

Answer 147

The larger target is used for smaller exposures

Answer 148

There are commonly 5 targets in an x-ray tube

Answer 149

Object-image distance (OID) - small

Answer 150

Object-image distance (OID) - large

Answer 151

Source-image distance (SID) - small

Answer 152

Source-image distance (SID) - large

Answer 153

Reduces magnification

Answer 154

Geometric unsharpness

Answer 155

Reduces penumbra effect

Answer 156

Lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate

Answer 157

Allows the beam to be more homogenous

Answer 158

Reduces penumbra effect

Answer 159

Allows the lower energy x-ray photons to dissipate

Answer 160

Makes the beam more homogenous

Answer 161

Reduces magnification

Answer 162

Geometric un-sharpness

Answer 163

When there is too much energy penetrating the patient

Answer 164

When the anatomy lies at an inappropriate angle to the receptor, or vice versa

Answer 165

Collimate the beam to the relevant anatomy

Answer 166

Select a large target size

Answer 167

Have a short OID

Answer 168

Have a long OID

Answer 169

Have a short SID

Answer 170

Have a long SID

Answer 171

Selecting kVp to allow adequate penetration

Answer 172

Selecting mA ensuring enough photons get through the subject

Answer 173

Consider anatomy to the receptor

Answer 174

Ensuring balance of kVp and mAs to a suitable level of contrast

Answer 175

Vertically

Answer 176

Horizontally

Answer 177

Diagonally

Answer 178

Designed to hold a receptor

Answer 179

There is only one type of Bucky

Answer 180

It cannot be moved into various positions

Answer 181

It holds an anti-scatter grid

Answer 182

It holds the receptor close to the grid and the grid close to the protective front plate

Answer 183

It can contain automatic exposure chambers

Answer 184

To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it exits the patient and before it reaches the receptor

Answer 185

To eliminate as much scatter as possible as it enters the patient

Answer 186

To focus the scatter before it reaches the receptor

Answer 187

To decrease the amount of radiation to the patient

Answer 188

Height divided by the interspace thickness

Answer 189

Number of grid strips per centimetre

Answer 190

Number of grid strips per centimetre

Answer 191

Height divided by the interspace thickness

Answer 192

Criss-cross

Answer 193

At the central section of the grid

Answer 194

At the outermost section of the grid

Answer 195

Over the whole grid

Answer 196

Linear/parallel grid

Answer 197

Moving/reciprocating

Answer 198

Linear/parallel

Answer 199

Moving/reciprocating

Answer 200

Whole grid

Answer 201

Centre portion of the grid

Answer 202

Outermost portion of the grid

Answer 203

Blur the shadows of the grid strips so they're not visible on the image

Answer 204

To decrease the amount of radiation

Answer 205

To improve the contrast of the image

Answer 206

They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 2 grids running at 90 degrees to each other

Answer 207

They are extremely effective at scatter removal, as they're made up for 4 grids running at 90 degrees to each other

Answer 208

They are the cheapest form of imaging

Answer 209

Difficult to use as the central part of the beam must be perpendicular and central to the grids

Answer 210

Reduces the dose

Answer 211

Decreases the time exposed to the radiation

Answer 212

The image becomes clearer

Answer 213

Intensifying screens and film

Answer 214

Film and filament

Answer 215

Receptor and grid

Answer 216

Glass envelope and bearings

Answer 217

Amplifiers - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film

Answer 218

Depressors - they convert the x-rays into visible light which then interacts with the film

Answer 219

Crystals - image obtained depends on the size of these crystals

Answer 220

Protons - image obtained depends on the amount of these protons

Answer 221

The emulsion is set to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens

Answer 222

The base is lightly tinted (pale blue or grey) to match the colour of light being emitted by the intensifying screens

Answer 223

Silver halide crystals are active in the emulsion

Answer 224

The emulsions are covered by a fine, translucent protective layer

Answer 225

Cassette is a rigid, light-tight and dust-proof support

Answer 226

There is an area for patient information

Answer 227

There is a single sided imaging plate

Answer 228

There is a double sided imaging plate

Answer 229

The latent image is still invisible and needs to be processed

Answer 230

1) Protective coating 2) Phosphor (emulsion) layer 3) Reflective layer 4) Base

Answer 231

1) Protective coating 2) Reflective layer 3) Phosphor (emulsion) layer 4) Base

Answer 232

Strong, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Answer 233

Weak, flexible, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Answer 234

Strong, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Answer 235

Weak, solid, chemically inert material (e.g. plastic)

Answer 236

Reflective layer

Answer 237

Protective layer

Answer 238

Phosphor layer

Answer 239

So the x-ray absorption is high

Answer 240

So the x-ray absorption is low

Answer 241

So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is high

Answer 242

So the light emitted from the x-ray beam is low

Answer 243

Large amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons

Answer 244

Small amount of light per absorption of x-ray photons

Answer 245

Light waves

Answer 246

More exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - more dose

Answer 247

Less exposure to produce the same amount of image than screens with larger crystals - less dose

Answer 248

Areas away from the torso

Answer 249

Lumbar spine

Answer 250

Thoracic spine

Answer 251

All directions

Answer 252

Diagonally

Answer 253

Vertically

Answer 254

Horizontally

Answer 255

Redirects the light emitted from the phosphors, so as much light as possible is travelling towards the film

Answer 256

Redirects the scatter away from the receptor, so a minute amount of scatter is travelling towards the film

Answer 257

Fine translucent layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion

Answer 258

Thick translucent layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion

Answer 259

Fine coloured layer to protect the phosphors from dust and abrasion

Answer 260

Silver halide crystals

Answer 261

Gold halide crystals

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Nächster

Radiography

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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