2917564
Frage 1
Frage
How much bile does the gallbladder usually store?
Antworten
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60-100 mL
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30-60 mL
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20-50 mL
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5-10 mL
Frage 2
Frage
Bile leaves the ____ via the ____ duct and enters the _____ via the _____ duct.
Antworten
-
liver; hepatic; gallbladder; cystic
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gallbladder; cystic; liver; hepatic
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liver; anterior; gallbladder; cystic
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liver; common; gallbladder; receiving
Frage 3
Frage
The two main functions of the gallbladder are to (store/produce) bile and to (concentrate/dilute) bile.
Antworten
-
store; concentrate
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produce; dilute
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store; dilute
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produce; concentrate
Frage 4
Frage
Fat enters the ________, which causes intestinal mucosa to secrete _________. This stimulates gallbladder contraction.
Antworten
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duodenum; cholecystokinin (CCK)
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duodenum; motilin
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stomach; cholecystokinin (CCK)
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stomach; motilin
Frage 5
Frage
Cholinergic braches of the _____ nerve mediate gallbladder contraction.
Antworten
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Vagus
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Lumbar
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Thoracic
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Phrenic
Frage 6
Frage
How much bile does the liver secrete each day on average?
Antworten
-
700-1200 mL
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100-200 mL
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800-1000 mL
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1000-1500 mL
Frage 7
Frage
Bile is an _______ substance.
Antworten
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Alkaline
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Acidic
Frage 8
Frage
What is the function of bile salts?
Antworten
-
To produce primary bile acids
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To emulsify and absorb fats
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To produce secondary bile acids
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To stimulate contraction of the gallbladder
Frage 9
Frage
Why are gallstones harmful?
Antworten
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They release toxins into the gallbladder, which impairs the digestive system
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They can be ejected from the gallbladder and become lodged in the cystic duct or anywhere in the biliary tree and obstruct the flow of bile
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They can travel into the stomach and disrupt the acidic environment needed to absorb fat-soluble vitamins
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They cause an inflammatory response in the gallbladder, which triggers the liver to abruptly stop it's production of bile
Frage 10
Frage
Cholelithiasis can cause the formation of gallstones.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 11
Frage
Where might gallstones be found? Select all that apply.
Antworten
-
Hepatic duct
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Gallbladder
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Cystic duct
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Common bile duct
Frage 12
Frage
What does it mean if a patient is diagnosed with choledocholithiasis?
Antworten
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They have gallstones lodged in the common bile duct
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They have gallstones lodged in the hepatic duct
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They have gallstones present in the body of the gallbladder
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They are in what is known as a "Lithogenic" state, in which conditions favor gallstone formation
Frage 13
Frage
Which type of gallstone is most common?
Antworten
-
Cholesterol gallstones
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Black pigmented gallstones
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Brown pigmented gallstones
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Mixed stones
Frage 14
Frage
Which of the following can decrease your risk of forming gallstones?
Antworten
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Nuts
-
Unsaturated fat
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Insoluble fiber
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Saturated fat
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Refined carbohydrates
Frage 15
Frage
60-80% of people with cholelithiasis are asymptomatic.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 16
Frage
From the following list, select the two cardinal manifestations of cholelithiasis.
Antworten
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Epigastric and right upper quadrant pain
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Intolerance to fatty foods
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Jaundice
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Flatulence
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Nausea and vomiting
-
Heartburn
Frage 17
Frage
Ultrasound detects gallstones in 95% of cases.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 18
Frage
Which form of diagnostic imaging is most useful in detecting gallstones in the common bile duct?
Antworten
-
Ultrasound
-
Gallbladder nuclear scanning (cholescintigram)
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)
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Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP)
Frage 19
Frage
A combination of surgical and non-surgical treatments are recommended for both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with gallstones.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
Frage
From the following, select all correct contraindications for a laproscopic cholecystectomy.
Antworten
-
stones are in the CBD
-
stones are in the gallbladder
-
client's physique does not allow access to the gallbladder
-
stones are primarily pigmented, not cholesterol
Frage 21
Frage
Patients with acute cholecystitis often present with nausea and vomiting. What is responsible for this manifestation?
Antworten
-
Impulse transmitted to vomiting center from distention of bile duct
-
Impulse transmitted to vomiting center from distention of the gallbladder
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Impulse transmitted to vomiting center from inflammation of gallbladder walls
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Build up of toxins, secondary to necrosis of parenchymal tissue
Frage 22
Frage
A patient presents to the ER with acute pain in the supscapular region that started suddenly. The patient is also complaining of nausea, vomiting, and has a low grade fever. You suspect this patient has acute cholecystitis. Which diagnostic study will likely be done first?
Antworten
-
Biliary ultrasound
-
Abdominal xray
-
MRI
-
ERCP
Frage 23
Frage
4-8% of patients with acute cholecystitis are acalculous (no stones). From the following, select all common causes of the acute inflammation.
Antworten
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Severe burns
-
Multiple transfusions
-
Bacterial sepsis
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Prolonged childbirth (postpartum period)
-
Debilitating systemic diseases (e.g. TB, CVD)
Frage 24
Frage
50% of cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis have no apparent precipitating factors.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
Frage
Chronic cholecystitis is almost always associated with gallstones (95% of cases). Which of the following populations has the highest incidence of this condition?
Antworten
-
Middle-aged and older obese women
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Older obese men
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Older men and women with poorly managed diabetes
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Obese children
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding gallbladder function?
Antworten
-
Within 30 minutes of eating, the gallbladder forces bile into the stomach.
-
Cholinergic branches of the vagus nerve mediate gallbladder contraction.
-
Cholecystokinin and motilin provide hormonal regulation of gallbladder contraction.
-
The sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of bile from the gallbladder.
Frage 27
Frage
A patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis due to cholethiasis. The client complains of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and has vomited 3 times. What is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
Antworten
-
Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to vomiting
-
Deficient fluid volume related to vomiting
-
Infection related to gallbladder inflammation
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Acute pain related to biliary spasm
Frage 28
Frage
A male client with cholelithiasis has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct. When assessing this client, the nurse expects to note:
Antworten
-
yellow sclerae
-
light amber urine
-
circumoral pallor
-
black, tarry stools
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following descriptions best describes Murphy's sign?
Antworten
-
Periumbilical eccymosis exists
-
On deep palpation and release, pain is elicited
-
On deep inspiration, pain is elicited and breathing stops
-
Abdominal muscles are tightened in anticipation of palpation
Frage 30
Frage
Which of the following factors should be the main focus of nursing management for a client hospitalized for cholecystitis?
Antworten
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Administration of antibiotics
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Assessment for complications (e.g. infection, n/v, sepsis)
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Health teaching
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Preparation for surgery
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