Pharm II Exam II

Question

Which of the following is NOT a general mechanism utilized to treat epilepsy?

Answer 1

GABA receptor antagonist activity

Answer 2

Inhibiting calcium channels

Answer 3

Activating potassium channels

Answer 4

Blocking sodium channels

Answer 5

Glutamate is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and therefore inhibiting its receptor can inhibit neurotransmission

Answer 6

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter and therefore inhibiting its receptor can inhibit neurotransmission

Answer 7

Inhibiting Glutamate channels cause an excitatory response

Answer 8

Inhibiting Glutamate channels causes a positive membrane potential

Answer 9

Cardiovascular effects in healthy patients receiving dose causing hypnosis

Answer 10

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 11

Delirium (mostly in ICU sedation)

Answer 12

Slight depression of alveolar ventilation

Answer 13

They are more specific for sedation

Answer 14

They have more side effects than benzodiazepines

Answer 15

They are more effective as anticonvulsants than benzodiazepines

Answer 16

They have more potential for abuse

Answer 17

Lamotrigine

Answer 18

Levetiracetam

Answer 19

Topiramate

Answer 20

Valproic acid

Answer 21

Oxcarbezepine

Answer 22

Topiramate

Answer 23

Phenobarbital

Answer 24

Valproic acid

Answer 25

Levetiracetam

Answer 26

Phenobarbital

Answer 27

Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 28

Elevated liver enzymes

Answer 29

Steven-Johnsons syndrome

Answer 30

Rare aplastic anemia

Answer 31

Hyponatremia

Answer 32

Idiosyncratic blood dyscrasias

Answer 33

Suicidality

Answer 34

Hyponatremia

Answer 35

Eosinophilia

Answer 36

Renal calculi

Answer 37

Decreased plasma levels with use of valproic acid

Answer 38

Decreased plasma levels with use of phenobarbital

Answer 39

Stevens-Johnson syndrome at high doses

Answer 40

Decreased half-life with use of phenytoin

Answer 41

Zonisamide

Answer 42

Rufinamide

Answer 43

Levetiracetam

Answer 44

Vigabatrin

Answer 45

Lamotrigine

Answer 46

Ethosuximide

Answer 47

Vigabatrin

Answer 48

Rufinamide

Answer 49

Phenobarbital

Answer 50

Lamotrigine

Answer 51

Vigabatrin

Answer 52

Benzodiazepines

Answer 53

Carbamezapine

Answer 54

Vigabatrin

Answer 55

Gabapentin

Answer 56

Pregabalin

Answer 57

Valproic Acid

Answer 58

Phenobarbital

Answer 59

Valproic acid

Answer 60

Phenobarbital

Answer 61

Carbamazepine

Answer 62

Ethosuximide

Answer 63

Perampanel

Answer 64

Pregabalin

Answer 65

It is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic

Answer 66

It is selective for MT1 and MT2 receptors

Answer 67

Has has higher risk for addiction

Answer 68

It is less efficacious than benzodiazepines as a hypnotic

Answer 69

Exposure to a drug induces changes that result in decrease of the drug's effects over time

Answer 70

Manifests by a specific withdrawal syndrome

Answer 71

Compulsive use

Answer 72

Produced by abrupt cessation

Answer 73

Zonisamide

Answer 74

Tigabatrin

Answer 75

Gabapentin

Answer 76

It is a nonBZD hypnotic

Answer 77

It is a selective alpha2 receptor agonist with sedative properties

Answer 78

It causes tachycardia and hypertension

Answer 79

Used in ICU setting

Answer 80

Dalfampridine is a DMT and Dimethyl Fufurate is for symptom management

Answer 81

Dalfampridine is for symptom management and Dimethyl Fufurate is a DMT

Answer 82

Dalfampridine is an anti-inflammatory and Dimethyl Fufurate is a DMT

Answer 83

There is no difference

Answer 84

Phenobarbital

Answer 85

Valproic acid

Answer 86

Gabapentin/Pregabalin

Answer 87

Levetiracetam

Answer 88

Valproic acid

Answer 89

Topiramate

Answer 90

Ethosuximide

Answer 91

Valproic acid

Answer 92

Perampanel

Answer 93

Lacosomide

Answer 94

Selectively inhibits the reuptake of NE

Answer 95

They are taken up into the cell and interfere with vesicular monoamine transporter, depleting stores and stimulating release of these NT

Answer 96

Selectively inhibit reuptake of DA

Answer 97

Mechanism is unknown

Answer 98

Narcolepsy

Answer 99

All of the above

Answer 100

Increase suicidal ideation

Answer 101

Decrease fatigue

Answer 102

Increase blood pressure

Answer 103

Hypotension

Answer 104

Respiratory depression

Answer 105

Bronchospams

Answer 106

Increased cerebral metabolic rate

Answer 107

Hypertension

Answer 108

Anti-emetic action

Answer 109

All of the above

Answer 110

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer 111

Hypertension

Answer 112

Tachycardia

Answer 113

Anti-emetic activity

Answer 114

Cataleptic state

Answer 115

Post-op disorientation

Answer 116

Analgesic properties

Answer 117

Decrease in cerebral blood flow

Answer 118

They inhibit the reuptake of Ach

Answer 119

They block ChE, preventing further breakdown of Ach

Answer 120

Block reuptake of DA

Answer 121

None of the above

Answer 122

Tachycardia

Answer 123

Urinary obstruction

Answer 124

Prevents futher neurodegeneration caused by excitotoxic reactions by blocking NMDA receptors

Answer 125

Used for moderate to severe Alzheimers

Answer 126

May need dose adjustment in older patients due to renal excretion

Answer 127

GI is the most common side effect

Answer 128

ChEI, such as Neostigmine and Pyridostimine, can be used as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

Answer 129

Succinylcholine requires a reversal agent due to its onset of action

Answer 130

Naltrexone can reverse the effects of opioids

Answer 131

None of the above

Answer 132

It enhances GABA-mediated inhibition and blocks NMDA receptors

Answer 133

90-95% is metabolized in the liver into acetic acid

Answer 134

Can cause euphoric effects a low-moderate doses

Answer 135

Acute effects, such as increased risk for cancer occurs

Answer 136

Disulfram, to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 137

Naltrexone, which acts as opiate antagonist to produce positive effects in alcohol

Answer 138

Acamprosate, which acts as a weak glutamate antagonist

Answer 139

Fomepizole, a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 140

Ethanol, since it has a higher affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 141

Fomepizole, a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 142

Benzodiazepines, for withdrawal symptoms

Answer 143

Alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate to avoid metabolic acidosis

Answer 144

Eosinophilia

Answer 145

Retinal and optic-nerve damage

Answer 146

Pancreatitis

Answer 147

Hypoglycemia

Answer 148

Mental status change

Answer 149

Eosinophilia

Answer 150

Effects are not apparent until 2 weeks

Answer 151

Used as 1st line therapy

Answer 152

Used to treat ADHD

Answer 153

Can be used in patients who have a h/o illicit substance abuse or concerns about abuse

Answer 154

Suicidal ideation

Answer 155

Increased appetite

Answer 156

Hypotension

Answer 157

Caused by increase release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 158

Worsens with use of Dantrolene

Answer 159

Treated with Desflurane

Answer 160

Does not have a genetic disposition

Answer 161

It is a nicotine-based therapy

Answer 162

It is a partial agonist and antagonist, to cause partial stimulation and suppress withdrawal

Answer 163

It is started the same day patient quits smoking

Answer 164

More effective as monotherapy than in combination with other nicotine0based therapies

Answer 165

Suicidal ideation

Answer 166

Cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease

Answer 167

Physical dependence

Answer 168

Increase in HR/BP

Answer 169

Accumulation of laudanosine

Answer 170

Tizanidine

Answer 171

Carisoprodol (SOMA)

Answer 172

Chlorzoxazone

Answer 173

Cyclobenzaprine

Answer 174

Metaxalone

Answer 175

Methocarbamol

Answer 176

Orphenadrine

Answer 177

Dantrolene

Answer 178

Carisoprodol

Answer 179

Chlorzoxazone

Answer 180

Cyclobenzaprine

Answer 181

Metaxalone

Answer 182

Methocarbaol

Answer 183

Orphenadrine

Answer 184

It can cross the BBB, which is not true about DA

Answer 185

Should be taken with food

Answer 186

No development of tolerance

Answer 187

These are all true

Answer 188

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 189

Parkinson-like symptoms

Answer 190

Anticholinergic drugs

Answer 191

Antihistamine with anticholinergic activity

Answer 192

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 193

All are used for management

Answer 194

Bradycardia

Answer 195

Wakefulness

Answer 196

Salivation

Answer 197

Urinary retention

Answer 198

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 199

Bradycardia

Answer 200

Wakefulness

Answer 201

Atypical agents cause weight gain more, except for aripirazole.

Answer 202

Typical agents cause more prolactin elevation and EPS/TD, except paliperidone and risperidone (Atypical agents)

Answer 203

QTc prolongation is seen with the use of chlorpromazine (typical AP)

Answer 204

Risk of sedation, Anticholinergic side effects, and Orthostatic Hypotension is low with aripiprazole (atypical AP)

Answer 205

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 206

Hallucinations

Answer 207

Dyskinesia

Answer 208

To inhibit the conversion of Levodopa into DA in the periphery, thus allowing levodopa to cross the BBB

Answer 209

So that carbidopa crosses the BBB and prevents breakdown in the CNS

Answer 210

Inhibit MAO-B to prevent breakdown of DA

Answer 211

To inhibit COMT and thus prevent breakdown of DA

Answer 212

It occurs at the very first administration of levodopa

Answer 213

"On" periods occur as levodopa levels decline

Answer 214

"Off" periods occur shortly after bolus of Levodopa is given

Answer 215

Described as fluctuations of rigidity and normal/dyskinetic movements

Answer 216

GI distress

Answer 217

Hypothyroidism

Answer 218

Renal failure

Answer 219

All are side effects of lithium

Answer 220

Wellbutrin

Answer 221

Mirtazepine

Answer 222

Vortioxetine

Answer 223

Levomilnacipram

Answer 224

Decrease in blood pressure

Answer 225

Coronary vasospasm

Answer 226

Constipation

Answer 227

Discontinuation syndrome

Answer 228

Sexual dysfunction

Answer 229

Serotonin syndrome

Answer 230

Suicidal ideation

Answer 231

QT interval prolongation

Answer 232

Should be avoided with food

Answer 233

Has antagonistic activity at the 5-HT3 receptor

Answer 234

It is a partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptor, which speeds up the onset of action and possibly augments the anxiolytic effects

Answer 235

Superior to other antidepressants

Answer 236

Efficacy is seen at higher doses

Answer 237

Has an advantage over other antidepressants

Answer 238

It has anti-emetic effects due to antagonistic activity at the 5-HT3 receptor

Answer 239

It causes weight gain

Answer 240

Anticholinergics

Answer 241

These all cause psychosis

Answer 242

SSRIs cause weight gain, whereas SNRIs can cause decrease in appetite

Answer 243

SSRIs cause increase in blood pressure and heart rate

Answer 244

SNRIs cause urinary retention

Answer 245

SNRIs cause dose-related GI symptoms that resolve after 2 weeks

Answer 246

Serotonin antagonists

Answer 247

Vilazodone

Answer 248

Dextromethorphan

Answer 249

Fluctuations in motor function with periods of stiffness/rigidity and periods of normal or dyskinetic movements

Answer 250

It occurs when there is an overdose with a single drug, or concurrent use of several drugs that results in excess serotonergic activity

Answer 251

Includes side effects such as dizziness, nausea, weakness, HA, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia

Answer 252

Includes side effects such as hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, and dyskinesia

Answer 253

Escitalopram

Answer 254

Desipramine

Answer 255

Sumatriptan

Answer 256

Nortriptyline

Answer 257

Duloxetine

Answer 258

Paroxetine

Answer 259

Selegiline

Answer 260

Ondansetron

Answer 261

Sertraline

Answer 262

Almotriptan

Answer 263

These are all 5-HT1d stimulants

Answer 264

Vortioxetine

Answer 265

Vilazodone

Answer 266

Palonosetron

Answer 267

Duloxetine

Answer 268

Vilazodone

Answer 269

Vortioxetine

Answer 270

Paroxetine

Answer 271

Vortioxetine

Answer 272

Paroxetine

Answer 273

Fluoxetine

Answer 274

Granisetron

Answer 275

Selegiline

Answer 276

Levommilnacipran

Answer 277

Venlafaxine

Answer 278

Milnacipran

Answer 279

Duloxetine

Answer 280

Fluoxetine

Answer 281

Sertraline

Answer 282

Citalopram

Answer 283

Paroxetine

Answer 284

Vortioxetine

Answer 285

Diphenydramine

Answer 286

Benztropine

Answer 287

QTc prolongation

Answer 288

Weight gain

Answer 289

Weight gain

Answer 290

Prolactin elevation

Answer 291

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 292

Anticholinergic effects

Answer 293

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 294

Prolactin elevation

Answer 295

SSRI-like antidepressants

Answer 296

SSRI-related

Answer 297

SSRI-related

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Pharm II Exam II

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