1. The Foundations of Chemistry

It is the science that describes matter - its properties, the changes it undergoes, and the energy changes accompanying those processes.

It is anything that has mass and occupies space.

It is defined as the capacity to do work or to transfer heat.

It is the energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion.

It is the energy possessed by an object because of its position, condition, or composition.

There is no observable change in the quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change. It can only be converted from one form to another.

The combined amount of matter and energy available in the entire universe is fixed.

A compound may also be defined as a pure substance consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. This observation is called __.

He suggested that all matter is composed of tiny, discrete, indivisible particles that he called atoms.

He tried to explain why matter behaves in such systematic ways as those expressed in the Law of Conservation of Mass, and the Law of Definite Proportions.

1 amu =

It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (symbol Z).

These are properties that depend on the amount of material examined.

These are properties that do not depend on the amount of material examined.

All chemical properties are __.

It is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own composition and properties.

The most easily recognized mixture in which different proportions of the sample have recognizably different properties is called a __.

A/An __ is a substance that can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances, always in the same ratio by mass. Meanwhile, a/an __ is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes.

IUPAC stands for __.

Which of the following common prefixes used in the SI and Metric systems is incorrect?

It relates to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value.

It refers to how closely individual measurements agree with one another.

The __ of a substance (for solids and liquids) is the ratio of its density to the density of water, both at the same temperature.

He was a Swedish astronomer who developed the Celcius temperature scale, formerly known as the centigrade temperature scale.

He was a german instrument maker who developed the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

It is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celcius with no change in phase.

It is the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by one degree Celcius.

When two objects at different temperatures are brought into contact, heat flows from high temperature to low, until the two are at the same temperature. The two objects are then in __.