Physiology I

Question

All of the following are true except

Answer 1

The role of negative feedback system is to bring it back to Set point

Answer 2

The role of a positive feedback is all about destabilizing the system and amplifying the signal

Answer 3

Blood clotting, uterine contractions in response to oxytocin are examples of positive feedback

Answer 4

None of the above

Answer 5

It is dependent on the cross sectional area thru which the flow of solute is measured

Answer 6

The difference in solute concentration between regions

Answer 7

The distance (or thickness) between regions A and B

Answer 8

The lipid solubility of the solute

Answer 9

The difference in solvent concentration between regions

Answer 10

IF you increase the molecular size the Net flux increases

Answer 11

The more the solubility in lipid the faster that molecule diffuses (like CO2 vs O2)

Answer 12

The thinner the membrane the faster the net flux

Answer 13

larger the concentration difference the faster the net flux

Answer 14

ECF will be diluted compared to ICF

Answer 15

Water will move from ECF to ICF

Answer 16

Increase in ECF volume and decrease in ICF volume

Answer 17

Once it reaches equilibrium both ECF and ICF will have the same osmolarity

Answer 18

Blocks NaK ATPase

Answer 19

Increase the ICF concentration of Na and decrease the ICF concentration of K

Answer 20

This will increase the chemical gradient for Na to come into the cell

Answer 21

Ca antitransporter slows down which increases the ICF conc of Ca thereby increasing contractility

Answer 22

When RMP = -110 mv inside is more negative --> draws K into the cell and it is hyperpolarized enough to have more K coming in than leaving, despite that being against it's conc gradient

Answer 23

When RMP = +30 inside is more positive than the outside -->both the electrical and chemical gradient is pushing K out of the cell

Answer 24

none of the above

Answer 25

if only K is permeable, Equilibrium potential for K will determine the RMP and it will be -94mV

Answer 26

If only Na is permeable then the RMP would be +60mV (which is the equilibrium potential for Na)

Answer 27

When there are 2 ions moving (back of forth thru the membrane) the RMP will be determined by the ion with the greater number of leaky (non-gated) channels

Answer 28

none of the above

Answer 29

Subthreshold depolarizing events

Answer 30

Chemical, mechanical stimuli

Answer 31

Polarity inside positive

Answer 32

Does not propagate

Answer 33

No refractory period

Answer 34

All or nothing event

Answer 35

Chemical or mechanical stimuli

Answer 36

Polarity with inside positive

Answer 37

Propogates

Answer 38

Refractory period (including Absolute refractory period)

Answer 39

At rest - membrane is most permeable to Na

Answer 40

At Threshold - voltage-gated Na channels open

Answer 41

Rising phase and overshoot - membrane becomes so depolarized that it overshoots and is reversed in polarity

Answer 42

At or near the peak the Na permeability begins to decrease and K permeability through voltage-gated K channels increase (Both channels open in response to hitting Threshold, just Na open much faster)

Answer 43

Repolarization - Na voltage gated channels have started closing and voltage gated channels are opening

Answer 44

After hyperpolarization - voltage gated K channels are still open but they will gradually close at this point

Answer 45

Block K current

Answer 46

Repolarization is affected

Answer 47

You can still get an AP (action potential) with this

Answer 48

all of the above are correct

Answer 49

Block Na voltage gated channels

Answer 50

Affects repolarization

Answer 51

cannot trigger an AP

Answer 52

AP is initiated at axon hillock - where there are the greatest number of voltage-sensitive gates are located

Answer 53

Nodes of Ranvier will increase the propagation of the AP

Answer 54

Inhibitory Post synaptic mediators like GABA will activate Cl- channels which causes and influx of Cl- which in turn will hyperpolarize the cell

Answer 55

none of the above

Answer 56

An AP arrives at the presynaptic terminal

Answer 57

Voltage-gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell

Answer 58

This Ca triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicle with the post synaptic membrane

Answer 59

NTM (neuro transmitter) diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to the specific receptors on the post synaptic cell

Answer 60

Bound receptors will activate the post synaptic cell and the NTM breaks down and is taken up by the pre synaptic terminal or other cells or diffuses away from the synapse

Answer 61

Conotoxin will inhibit the release of NTM

Answer 62

Tubocurarine and Bungotoxin block the AcH receptors

Answer 63

Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of GABA - causing spastic paralysis

Answer 64

Botulin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of Ach - flaccid paralysis

Answer 65

none of the above

Answer 66

All of the above

Nächster

Physiology I

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