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The cortex layer of the hair structure is responsible for the hair's length and texture.
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the term pH is an abbreviation used for potential hydrogen.
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The single flat wrap uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
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On-base placement minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
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alkaline waves are also known as cold waves.
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Ammonia-free waves use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine.
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the most common neutralizer is hydrogen peroxide.
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the curvature permanent warp uses zigzag parting to divide base areas.
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Japanese thermal straightening combines use of a thing relaxer with flat ironing.
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Keratin straightening treatments work by breaking side bonds.
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The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair is:
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The range of numbers used in the pH scale is:
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0 to 5
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0 to 7
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0 to 10
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0 to 14
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Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order to:
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expand and harden the shaft
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harden and close the shaft
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swell and set the shaft
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soften and swell the shaft
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In the resturctureing process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle require a chemical solution that is:
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slight alkaline
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mildly acidic
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strongly acidic
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highly alkaline
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chemical side bonds formed when two sulfur-type chains are joined together are:
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disulfide bonds
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peptide bonds
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keratine bonds
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amino bonds
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In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the:
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long rods
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hair length
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sectioning
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wrapping method
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Rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area are
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convex rods
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straight rods
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conventional rods
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spiral rods
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The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends is the
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single flat wrap
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bookend warp
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double flat wrap
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placed wrap
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All perm warps begin by sectioning the hair into
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subsections
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base sections
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parts
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panels
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In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsection called
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rod sections
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base sections
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outer sections
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placements
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Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional:
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The angle at which a permanent wave rod is postioned on the head is reffered to as
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wrapping technique
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rod direction
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diagonal technique
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base direction
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The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are:
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flat and spiral
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croquignole and even
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spiral and perpendicular
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croquignole and spiral
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In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from:
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scalp to ends
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longest to shortest
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ends to scalp
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shortest to longest
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Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called:
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rearranging
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normalization
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reduction
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alkaline
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In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:
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hydrogen
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oxygen
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salt
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carbon
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The active ingredients or redution agent in alkaline permanent waves is:
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Most alkaline permanent waves had a pH between
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4.5 and 5.5
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6.0 and 7.0
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9.0 and 9.6
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10.0 and 11.0
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The main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions is:
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All acid waves have trhee components sonsisting of the permanent waving lotion, neutalizer, and:
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conditioner
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prewrap
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stabilzer
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activator
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Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up:
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processing
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conditioning
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neutralizing
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formulation
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Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered:
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stablized
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endothermic
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exothermix
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acid waves
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Hair that has to many disulfied bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered:
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underprocessed
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overprocessed
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underneutralized
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tinted
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The process that stops the action fo permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is:
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sectioning
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rinsing
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thio neturalization
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normalization
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Base cations are ofset from each other row by row, to prevent notciable splits, in which wrapping pattern?
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weave technique
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bricklay permanent wrap
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basic permanent wrap
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straight wrap set
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The double-rod wrap technique is also called the:
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piggyback warp
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straight wrap
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spiral wrap
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weave technique
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The process of rearranging the basic structure of curcly hair into straight or smother form is
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texturizing
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permanent waving
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chemical softening
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chemical hair relaxing
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Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a(n):
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normalization bond
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acidic bond
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lanthionine bond
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amino bond
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Relaxers that contain only one component that are used without mixing are:
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Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called
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metal relaxers
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no-lye relaxers
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lye relaxers
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medium relaxers
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relaxers are often marketed and sold as no mix-no lye relaxers are
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potassium hydroxide relaxeres
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sodium hydroxide relaxeres
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ammonium thio relaxers
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guanidine hydroxide relaxeres
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relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are
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hydroxide relaxers that do not require the application of a protective base are
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no-base relaxers
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base cream relaxers
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bream relaxers
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metal hydroxide relaxers
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The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of
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lanthionization
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hydroxide
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ammonia
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coating
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During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is
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sufficiently relaxed
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insufficiently relaxed
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normalized
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overprocessed
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The application of chemical relaxers should be started in the most resistant area, usually the
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back of the head
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front hairline
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scalp area
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side area
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Conditioner with an acidic pH that restores the hair's natural pH after a hydroxide relaxer is:
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lanthionization solution
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natural lotion
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swelling cream
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normalization lotion
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A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a:
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permanent wave
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soft curl permanent
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furl curl permanent
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relaxer retouch
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Chemical services shoudl not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of
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porosity
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abrasions
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disorder
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tightness
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Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with:
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conditioning solutions
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color shampoos
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thio relaxers
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normalization solutions