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Quiz von ACAPUN INSTITUTE, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von ACAPUN INSTITUTE
vor etwa 3 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following drugs is often administered to treat life-threatening arrhythmias?
Antworten
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a. quinidine
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b. lidocaine
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c. verapamil
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d. propranolol
Frage 2
Frage
A male patient who is receiving Coumadin therapy presents for an elective extraction. His protrhombin time (PT) is prolonged. Which of the following methods is preferred for reducing the PT to an acceptable level?
Antworten
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a. administering vitamin K (Aqua Mephyton)
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b. Withdrawing Coumadin for two days
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c. reducing Coumadin to one half the usual dose for two days
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d. administering a Coumadin antagonist, such as heparin
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e. administering a platelet transfusion to enhance coagulability
Frage 3
Frage
Each of the following drugs has a significant anti-inflammatory property except one. Which one is the exception?
Antworten
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a. aspirin
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b. cortisol
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c. acetaminophen
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d. ibuprofen
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e. indomethacin
Frage 4
Frage
A patient has a history of significant cardiovascular impairment. The maximum safe dose of epinephrine that can be administered to this patient is:
Antworten
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a. 1 cc, 1: 50,000
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b. 2 cc, 1: 50,000
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c. 1 cc, 1: 100,000
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d. 2 cc, 1: 100,000
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the following is the current drug of choice for status-epilepticus?
Antworten
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a. diazepam (Valium)
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b. phenytoin (Dilantin)
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c. chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
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d. carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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e. chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Frage 6
Frage
Which of the following is an example of an enteral route of administration?
Antworten
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a. oral
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b. submucosal
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c. inhalation
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d. subcutaneous
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e. intramuscular
Frage 7
Frage
Propranolol (Inderal) exerts its major antianginal effect by
Antworten
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a. dilating coronary arteries
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b. dilating systemic blood vessels
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c. increasing cardiac contractility
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d. stimulating vagal slowing of the heart
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e. blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the heart
Frage 8
Frage
Bradycardia is MOST commonly treated with which of the following drugs?
Antworten
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a. atropine
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b. epinephrine
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c. a diuretic
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d. a potent vasodilator
Frage 9
Frage
Which of the following best explains why drugs that are highly ionized tend to be more rapidly excreted than those that are less ionized? The highly ionized are
Antworten
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a. less lipid soluble
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b. less water soluble
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c. more rapidly metabolized
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d. more extensively bound to tissue
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following groups of drugs is CONTRAINDICATED for patients who have glaucoma?
Antworten
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a. adrenergic
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b. cholinergic
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c. anticholinergic
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d. adrenergic blocking
Frage 11
Frage
Low dose aspirin therapy prevents the formation of thromboemboli by preferentially inhibiting which of the following?
Antworten
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a. phospholipase A2 in the blood vessel walls
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b. prostacyclin synthetase in the blood vessel walls
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c. thromboxane synthetase in the platelets
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d. vitamin K in the liver
Frage 12
Frage
A patient who is receiving an IV diazepam sedation has upper eye-lid ptosis (Verill’s sign). The dentist should
Antworten
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a. assist respiration immediately
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b. consider the patient to be adequately sedated
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c. place the patient in the Trendelenberg position
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d. administer one more increment of diazepam and proceed with the treatment
Frage 13
Frage
A dentist is considering the use of nitrous-oxide conscious sedation for a patient. However, this type of sedation will be CONTRAINDICATED, should the patient have a history of which of the following?
Antworten
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a. dental anxiety
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b. psychotic care
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c. controlled hypertension
Frage 14
Frage
The correct total liter flow of nitrous oxide- oxygen is determined by
Antworten
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a. a standard 6 liter per minute flow
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b. the patient’s metabolic oxygen requirements
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c. the amount necessary to keep the reservoir bag 1/3 to 2/3 full
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d. the largest volume that the patient can exchange within one minunte
Frage 15
Frage
Which of the following sympathomimetic agents is the most potent bronchodilator?
Antworten
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a. amphetamine
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b. norepinephrine
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c. phenylephrine
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d. isoproterenol
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e. methoxamine
Frage 16
Frage
Succinylcholine blocks neuromuscular transmission by
Antworten
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a. inhibiting cholinesterase
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b. inhibiting the central nervous system
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c. depolarizing the motor endplate of skeletal muscle
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d. inducing the formation of cholinesterase at the endplate
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e. blocking release of acetylcholine at the endplate
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following effects are common to pentobarbital, diazepam, and meperidine?
Antworten
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a. anticonvulsant and hypnotic
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b. analgesia and relief of anxiety
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c. sedation and ability to produce dependence
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d. amnesia and skeletal muscle relaxation
Frage 18
Frage
The onset of action of a drug is primarily determined by the rate of
Antworten
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a. excretion
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b. absorption
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c. distribution
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d. biotransformation
Frage 19
Frage
Injection of a local anesthetic into an inflamed area usually has a less than optimal result. Which of the following best explains why?
Antworten
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a. the prostaglandins stabilize the nerve membrane
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b. inflammation reduces the availability of the free base
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c. the drug will be absorbed more rapidly because of the increased blood supply
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d. the chemical mediators of inflammation will present a chemical antagonism to the anesthetic
Frage 20
Frage
The major effect of a drug is produced by the amount of the drug that is
Antworten
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a. free in plasma
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b. excreted by the kidney
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c. detoxified in the liver
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d. bound to plasma protein
Frage 21
Frage
A 4 yr old child is shy, timid, and fearful. Which of the following will be MOST appropriate for the restorative appointments for this child?
Antworten
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a. Naloxone
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b. Nitrous oxide/oxygen
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c. Promethazine
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d. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride (atarax) or hydroxyzine pamoate (Vistaril) in divided doses
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e. Meperidine (Demerol), promethazine (Phenergan) and chlorpromazine (Thorazine) combined
Frage 22
Frage
A primary advantage of intravenous sedation is which of the following?
Antworten
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a. fewer side effects from the sedation
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b. slower biotransformation for prolonged action
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c. the ability to titrate individualized dosage
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d. a smooth and more gradual onset of sedation
Frage 23
Frage
Each of the following is true regarding drug biotransformation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Antworten
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a. the rate may differ significantly in various animal species
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b. it primarily occurs in the liver microsomal enzyme system
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c. it usually converts a drug to its lipid soluble, nonionized form
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d. it generally involves alterations of the chemical structure of the drug
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following drugs causes the LEAST CNS depression and impairment of psychomotor skills?
Antworten
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a. diazepam
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b. buspirone
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c. alprazolam
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d. chloral hydrate
Frage 25
Frage
A patient who has which of the following conditions is most likely to have postoperative bleeding after multiple extractions?
Antworten
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a. angina
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b. diabetes
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c. cirrhosis
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d. rheumatic fever
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e. chronic bronchitis
Frage 26
Frage
Local anesthetics aid in reducing the flow of saliva during operative procedures by
Antworten
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a. blocking the cholinergic nerve endings
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b. blocking innervation to major salivary glands
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c. blocking efferent parasympathetic nerve pathways
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d. reducing sensitivity and anxiety during tooth preparation
Frage 27
Frage
Which of the following combinations of agents would be necessary to block the cardiovascular effects produced by the injection of a sympathomimetic drug?
Antworten
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a. atropine and prazosin
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b. atropine and propranolol
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c. prazosin and propranolol
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d. phenoxybenzamine and curare
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e. amphetamine and propranolol
Frage 28
Frage
When compared therapeutically to penicillin G, penicillin V has a
Antworten
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a. slower renal excretion
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b. more reliable oral absorption
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c. broader antibacterial spectrum
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d. greater resistance to penicillinase
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e. lower potential for allergic reaction
Frage 29
Frage
Each of the following is a common side effect of prolonged tetracycline therapy EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Antworten
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a. diarrhea
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b. superinfection
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c. photosensitivity
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d. visual disturbance
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e. discoloration of newly forming teeth
Frage 30
Frage
To reduce a patient’s salivary flow, a dentist has prescribed atropine. As a result of this medication, the patient might experience which of the following side effects?
Antworten
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a. sedation
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b. diarrhea
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c. bradycardia
-
d. blurred vision
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e. stomach cramping
Frage 31
Frage
Of the following local anesthetics, which has intrinsic vasoconstrictive actions?
Antworten
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a. cocaine
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b. procaine
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c. xylocaine
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d. bupivacaine
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following antibiotics is found at much higher concentrations in crevicular fluid than in serum?
Antworten
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a. clindamycin
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b. penicillin
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c. metronidazole
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d. tetracycline
Frage 33
Frage
When administered as oral centrally acting analgesics, which of the following is considered to have the highest dependence liability?
Antworten
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a. codeine
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b. oxycodone (in Percodan)
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c. propoxyphene (Darvon)
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d. pentazocine (Talwin)
Frage 34
Frage
Antibiotics are useful in the treatment of which of the following?
Antworten
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a. herpangina
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b. angina pectoris
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c. recurrent apthous stomatitis
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d. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Frage 35
Frage
Auditory nerve deafness is associated with the use of
Antworten
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a. polymixin B
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b. chloramphenicol
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c. amphotericin B
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d. gentamycin
Frage 36
Frage
The maximal or ceiling effect of a drug is also correctly referred to as the drug’s
Antworten
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a. agonism
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b. potency
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c. efficacy
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d. specificity
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following agents found in tobacco products cause addiction?
Antworten
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a. tar
-
b. formaldehyde
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c. nicotine
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d. carbon monoxide
Frage 38
Frage
Allergic reactions to local anesthetics are caused by
Antworten
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a. rapid absorption
-
b. slow detoxification
-
c. an antigen-antibody reaction
-
d. improper administration technique
Frage 39
Frage
Which drug group is the LEAST likely to cause xerostomia?
Antworten
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a. opioids
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b. antidepressants
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c. antihistamines
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d. benzodiazepines
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e. anticholinergics
Frage 40
Frage
Currently, the BEST oral sedative drugs for dentistry fall into the class of
Antworten
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a. narcotics
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b. barbiturates
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c. phenothiazines
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d. benzodiazepines
Frage 41
Frage
Which of the following best describes the drug-receptor activity of naloxone?
In Terms of: Affinity | Intrinsic | Activity
Antworten
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a. high high
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b. low high
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c. high none
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d. none low
Frage 42
Frage
Which of the following types of chemical bonding is the least likely to be involved in a drug-receptor interaction?
Antworten
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a. covalent bonding
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b. hydrogen bonding
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c. dipole-dipole bonding
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d. electrostatic bonding
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e. van der Waal’s forces
Frage 43
Frage
After a threshold stimulus, the cell membrane becomes permanently altered. The liberation of which of the following transmitter substances causes this alteration?
Antworten
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a. acetylcholine
-
b. cholinesterase
-
c. hydroxycholine
-
d. acetylsalicylic acid
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following compounds is used as an antiviral agent?
Antworten
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a. amantadine (Symmetrel)
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b. novobiocin
-
c. miconazole (monistat)
-
d. amphotericin B
Frage 45
Frage
With an overdose of a cholinergic drug, one would expect to see each of the following signs EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Antworten
-
a. sweating
-
b. urination
-
c. mydriasis
-
d. bradycardia
-
e. copious serous saliva
Frage 46
Frage
Cephalosporins are definitely CONTRAINDICATED for penicillinallergic patients who exhibit
Antworten
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a. immediate-type reactions
-
b. nausea and vomiting with erythromycin
-
c. any type of reaction to the penicillins
Frage 47
Frage
Which of the following is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent used for the treatment of hypertension?
Antworten
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a. prazosin (Minipress)
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b. clonidine (Catapress)
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c. atenolol (Tenormin)
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d. hydralazine (Aprezoline)
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e. verapamil (Calan)
Frage 48
Frage
In which of the following categories are ephedrine, tyramine, and amphetamine classified?
Antworten
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a. anticholinesterases
-
b. alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
-
c. indirect-acting sympathomimetics
-
d. direct-acting parasympathomimetics
Frage 49
Frage
Thiazides, which are used in the treatment of hypertension, may require supplemental administration of
Antworten
-
a. sodium
-
b. chloride
-
c. calcium
-
d. potassium
Frage 50
Frage
Which of the following adverse reactions of oral contraceptives is the most common and the most serious?
Antworten
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a. hypotension
-
b. hepatotoxicity
-
c. uterine neoplasia
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d. thromboembolic disorder
-
e. decreased resistance to infection
Frage 51
Frage
The supraspinal analgesic activity of morphine is mediated primarily through its influence upon which opioid receptor subtype?
Antworten
-
a. mu
-
b. kappa
-
c. delta
-
d. sigma
-
e. epsilon
Frage 52
Frage
Which pair of anesthetics is most likely to show cross-allergenicity?
Antworten
-
a. lidocaine-mepivacaine
-
b. prilocaine-tetracaine
-
c. procaine-mepivacaine
-
d. procaine-lidocaine
-
e. lidocaine-benzocaine
Frage 53
Frage
Thrombophlebitis, which occurs after intravenous administration of diazepam, is usually attributed to which of the following substances in the mixture?
Antworten
-
a. benzoic acid
-
b. ethyl alcohol
-
c. propylene glycol
-
d. sodium metabisulfite
Frage 54
Frage
Each of the following is a pharmacologic effect of phenothiazines EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Antworten
-
a. sedation
-
b. an antiemetic effect
-
c. alpha-adrenergic effect
-
d. potentiation of the action of narcotics
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e. an anticonvulsant
Frage 55
Frage
Epinephrine antagonizes the effects of histamine by
Antworten
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a. preventing the release of histamine
-
b. acting on the central nervous system
-
c. producing physiologic actions opposite to that of histamine
-
d. competitively blocking histamine at the cellular receptor site
Frage 56
Frage
Which of the following represents the drug-of-choice in the treatment of candidiasis for an HIV-infected patient?
Antworten
-
a. acyclovir
-
b. nystatin
-
c. AZT
-
d. chlorhexidine
Frage 57
Frage
A patient presents for treatment of a large fluctuant mass in the submandibular space as a result of extension of odontogenic infection. He has a temperature of 38.5 degrees C (101 degrees F). Initially, the dentist should treat this patient with which of the following?
Antworten
-
a. salicylate therapy to reduce the temperature
-
b. alternate application of heat and cold to the area to improve circulation
-
c. incision and drainage and a culture for antibiotic sensitivity
-
d. antibiotic therapy to reduce the swelling and infection
Frage 58
Frage
The only local anesthetic that increases the pressor activity of both epinephrine and norepinephrine is
Antworten
-
a. cocaine
-
b. procaine
-
c. dibucaine
-
d. lidocaine
-
e. mepivacaine
Frage 59
Frage
Corticosteroid therapy for arthritis is contraindicated for a patient who also has which of the following conditions?
Antworten
-
a. anemia
-
b. nephritis
-
c. alcoholism
-
d. peptic ulcer
-
e. rheumatic heart disease
Frage 60
Frage
Which of the following is the first symptom that is usually perceived by the patient being administered nitrous oxide?
Antworten
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a. nausea
-
b. euphoria
-
c. giddiness
-
d. tingling of the hands
Frage 61
Frage
Each of the following, EXCEPT one, is a good reason for using sedation. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
Antworten
-
a. to allay apprehension, anxiety or fear
-
b. to decrease the amount of local anesthesia that is required for a given procedure
-
c. to alleviate stress in a severely medically compromised patient
-
d. to accomplish certain procedures that a practitioner would not normally be able to do on an anxious patient
Frage 62
Frage
Which of the following is classified as an antianxiety drug?
Antworten
-
a. methohexital
-
b. lorazepam
-
c. haloperidol
-
d. pentazocine
-
e. phenylpropanolamine
Frage 63
Frage
Alcohol abuse occurs when someone
Antworten
-
a. drinks more than the legal limit of alcohol
-
b. experiences withdrawal symptoms when not drinking
-
c. gets seriously intoxicated on a regular basis
-
d. drinks enough that it puts their relationship, job, or health in jeopardy
Frage 64
Frage
For oral sedation in the dental setting, the most ideal group of agents is
Antworten
-
a. narcotics
-
b. barbiturates
-
c. antihistamines
-
d. benzodiazepines
-
e. anticholinergics
Frage 65
Frage
In most cases, which of the following is the accepted dose schedule of penicillin in the treatment of actinomycosis of the jaw?
Antworten
-
a. 250 mg. oral tablets q.i.d., 7 days
-
b. 500 mg. oral tablets q.i.d., 7 days
-
c. 600,000 units intramuscularly twice daily for two weeks followed by oral medication
-
d. 10 million units intravenously per day for 10-14 days followed by long-term oral medication
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