Ch. 5 genes, environment, diseases

1. The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

2. The ratio of the disease among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population is referred to as what type of risk?

3. What are empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on?

4. What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

5. Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

6. A student asks, “What is the percentage of all cases of breast cancer that are identified as an autosomal dominant form?” What response by the professor is best?

7. When a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of developing breast cancer is how many times greater?

8. Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism when raised by a nonalcoholic parent?

9. Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by affecting what?

10. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

11. What are blood pressure variations associated with?

12. What are the two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

13. A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

14. A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what?

15. Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes are referred to by which term?

16. Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk?

17. Which disease form is associated with identified empirical risks?

18. The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

19. Which type of cancer is said to aggregate among families?

20. Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

21. What is currently believed about the risk for developing Alzheimer disease?

22. The number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period divided by the number of individuals in the population is defined as which characteristic of a disease?

1. Which are cancers that cluster strongly in families? (Select all that apply.)

2. Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer? (Select all that apply.)

3. Which lifestyle modifications affect health-related risk factors? (Select all that apply.)

4. What factors are typically considered when assessing an individual’s risk for developing such common diseases as hypertension? (Select all that apply.)

5. Which are examples of multifactorial diseases associated with adults? (Select all that apply.)