Chapters 1 & 2 - Introduction, Chem. level of organization

Histiology

Anatomy is defined as the Science of body structures & relationships among them.

Physiology:

Molecule is DEFINED as a group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

[blank_start]Atoms[blank_end] are the smallest unit of matter that participates in a chemical reaction and when 2 or more of them join together they are called [blank_start]Molecules[blank_end].

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes in the body.

[blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] is the development of a cell from an [blank_start]unspecialized[blank_end] state to a [blank_start]specialized[blank_end] one.

Differentiation is the development of a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized one.

The condition of [blank_start]Equilibrium[blank_end] (balance) in the body's [blank_start]internal environment[blank_end] due to the constant interaction of the body's many regulatory processes is called [blank_start]homeostasis[blank_end].

A cycle of events in which a "body" condition is monitered, evaluated, change and adjusted accordingly is:

Select ALL that apply A Feedback System includes these BASIC components:

A [blank_start]Negative[blank_end] Feedback System [blank_start]reverses[blank_end] a change in a controlled condition. in this system when blood pressure [blank_start]decreases[blank_end], the body will respond by [blank_start]increasing[blank_end] the blood pressure.

[blank_start]Catalysts[blank_end] are [blank_start]compounds[blank_end] that speed up chemical reactions but do not become part of the product created.

Chemical Element is a substance that cannot be split into a simpler substance by an chemical means

IONS are electrically charged forms of atoms.

[blank_start]Chemical level[blank_end]: This is the very [blank_start]basic[blank_end] level of anatomy, like the letters of the alphabet. It includes [blank_start]atoms[blank_end], the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions, and [blank_start]molecules[blank_end], two or more atoms joined together

[blank_start]Cellular level[blank_end]: [blank_start]Molecules[blank_end] combine to form [blank_start]cells[blank_end], the basic living, structural and functional units of an organism that are compose of chemicals. Just like words are the smallest elements of language that make sense, so too are our cells, the smallest living thing in the body.

[blank_start]Tissue level[blank_end]: [blank_start]Tissues[blank_end] are groups of [blank_start]cells and the materials[blank_end] surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function, similar to the way words are put together to form sentences. [blank_start]Organ level[blank_end]: At the [blank_start]organ level[blank_end], different types of [blank_start]tissues are joined together[blank_end]. Organs are structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have a specific function and usually have [blank_start]recognizable shapes[blank_end]. Similar to the relationship between sentences and paragraphs

System level: A system that consists of related organs with a common function.

A Receptor (ie feedback system)

A Positive Feedback System may be more then one right answer;

[blank_start]26[blank_end] different [blank_start]chemical elements[blank_end] normally are present in your body. [blank_start]4[blank_end] of the elements, [blank_start]hydrogen (H)[blank_end] , carbon (C), [blank_start]oxygen (O)[blank_end], and nitrogen (N), are [blank_start]major[blank_end] elements, constituting about 96% of the body’s mass.

The body regulates its [blank_start]internal[blank_end] environment using [blank_start]two types[blank_end] of [blank_start]feedback systems[blank_end]. A feedback system, or [blank_start]feedback loop[blank_end], is a [blank_start]cycle of events[blank_end] in which a body [blank_start]condition[blank_end] is [blank_start]monitored[blank_end], evaluated, changed, and adjusted accordingly. Each factor being monitored, such as body temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level, is [blank_start]termed a controlled condition[blank_end]. Any disruption that changes a controlled condition is called a stimulus. For example, the body tightly regulates how much glucose is in the blood. If there is [blank_start]too little[blank_end], energy reactions may not take place efficiently. If there is [blank_start]too much[blank_end], glucose can damage blood vessels.

The science of body structures and the relationships among them is called

The science of body functions - how the body parts work is called;

The Science that deals with the study of tissue

Two or more atoms that join together are called

Two or more atoms that join together are called molecules

Smallest unit of matter that participates in chemical reactions

The term for all the chemical processes in the body is

The term for all the chemical processes in the body is referred to as differentiation

In a Negative Feedback system, when blood pressure decreases, the body will respond by causing changes, which tend to: (Note: BP = Blood Pressure)

All these are main components of a feedback system EXCEPT

The most common type of chemical bonds in which atoms or molecules share electrons are:

The compounds that speed up chemical reactions but DO NOT become apart of the product are called

The term for regulated, genetically programed cell death is called

The term for PATHOLOGICAL cell death that results from cell injury

Living structural and functional unit enclosed by a membrane

The site of protein synthesis

Thoracic cavity consists of

Thin, felxible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

The network of membranous cisterns with ribosomes; processing and sorting of secretory and membrane proteins