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Operating Systems

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Matthew Warner
Quiz von Matthew Warner, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Matthew Warner
Erstellt von Matthew Warner vor etwa 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What are the 4 components of a computer system?
Antworten
  • Hardware
  • Operating System
  • Kernel
  • Application Programs
  • ROM
  • User

Frage 2

Frage
An operating system is a resource allocator?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 3

Frage
The bootstrap program is stored in [blank_start]ROM[blank_end]
Antworten
  • ROM

Frage 4

Frage
The occurrence of an event is usually signalled by an [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] from either hardware or software.
Antworten
  • interrupt

Frage 5

Frage
Main memory is typically implemented in semiconductor technology called variable random memory (VRAM).
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
Since EEPROM can not be changed it only stores static programs like bootstrap
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
A typical instruction-execution cycle for a Von Neumann Architecture is:
Antworten
  • 1. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register. 2. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 3. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory
  • 1. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 2. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory 3. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register.

Frage 8

Frage
We would like programs and data to both reside in main memory. This is not possible for two reasons:
Antworten
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a non-volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Using this approach would be to fast for the operating system to interpret and therefore would not be feasible 2. Programs are not written this way and would be way to difficult to change the way a computer works now.

Frage 9

Frage
What is the main requirement for secondary-storage?
Antworten
  • The ability to hold large quantities of data permanently
  • The ability to use as little power as possible
  • The smaller the size the better
  • The faster the better

Frage 10

Frage
The most common secondary storage is a [blank_start]magnetic disk[blank_end] which provides storage for both programs and data.
Antworten
  • magnetic disk
  • solid state drive
  • cloud drive
  • external disk
  • CD-ROM

Frage 11

Frage
The main difference among the various storage systems lie in:
Antworten
  • speed
  • cost
  • size
  • volatility
  • power consumption

Frage 12

Frage
Volatile Storage loses its contents when power to the device is removed
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
What are the two types of Sold-State disks?
Antworten
  • Solid-State disk stores data in large DRAM array during normal operation but also contains a hidden magnetic hard disk and a battery for backup-power
  • Solid-State disk is flash memory
  • Electromagnetic Varient Memory
  • Magnetic Allocation memory

Frage 14

Frage
A device controller must contain what?
Antworten
  • some local buffer storage and a set of special-purpose registers
  • a device controller must house a single processor
  • must container at least one cache

Frage 15

Frage
How do we solve the problem of interrupt-driven I/O having high overhead when moving bulk data?
Antworten
  • direct memory access (DMA)
  • device memory access (DMA)
  • process memory access (PMA)
  • local memory access (LMA)

Frage 16

Frage
What do single-processors not run?
Antworten
  • kernel processes
  • user processes
  • I/O processes

Frage 17

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[blank_start]Multiprocessor systems[blank_end] have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices.
Antworten
  • Multiprocessor systems
  • Singleprocessor systems
  • Complexprocessor systems
  • Dynamicprocessor systems

Frage 18

Frage
advantages of multiprocessor systems?
Antworten
  • increased throughput
  • economy of scale
  • increased reliability
  • power reduction
  • size of unit

Frage 19

Frage
[blank_start]Graceful degradation[blank_end] is the ability to continue providing service proportional to the level of surviving hardware.
Antworten
  • Graceful degradation
  • Steady wear
  • Graceful wear
  • Slow deterioration

Frage 20

Frage
Asymmetric multiprocessing is where each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Symmetric multiprocessing is where each processor is assigned a specific task
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
more multiprocessors increases computing power but if the CPU has an [blank_start]integrated memory[blank_end] controller then adding CPUs also increase the amount of memory addressable in the system
Antworten
  • integrated memory
  • I/O
  • cache memory
  • processor

Frage 23

Frage
multiprocessing can cause a system to change its memory access model from [blank_start]uniform memory access (UMA)[blank_end] to [blank_start]non-uniform memory access (NUMA)[blank_end]
Antworten
  • uniform memory access (UMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • uniform memory access (UMA)

Frage 24

Frage
[blank_start]UMA[blank_end] is the situation in which access to RAM from any CPU takes [blank_start]the same[blank_end] time
Antworten
  • UMA
  • NUMA
  • NUSM
  • UHM
  • the same
  • more
  • less

Frage 25

Frage
[blank_start]NUMA[blank_end] is some parts of memory may take [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to access than other parts
Antworten
  • NUMA
  • UMA
  • SLT
  • UHG
  • longer
  • less time
  • the same time

Frage 26

Frage
multicore systems are multiprocessor systems, not all multiprocessor systems are multicore
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

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[blank_start]blade servers[blank_end] are where each processor board boots independently and runs its own operating system
Antworten
  • blade servers
  • dynamic servers
  • multiprocessors
  • multi servers

Frage 28

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What is NVRAM?
Antworten
  • DRAM with battery backup
  • RAM with volatile memory
  • ROM with non-volatile memory
  • DRAM with volatile and non-volatile memory

Frage 29

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Another type of multiprocessor system is a clustered system?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
clustered computers are defined as:
Antworten
  • sharing storage
  • are closely linked via a local-area network or a faster interconnect
  • share resources
  • share processing power

Frage 31

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clustering is usually used to provide [blank_start]high-availability service[blank_end]
Antworten
  • high-availability service
  • faster processing
  • higher security
  • multithreading

Frage 32

Frage
why is clustering used?
Antworten
  • service will continue even if one or more systems in the cluster fail
  • higher processing used by having more than one processor work on a job
  • a boss processor will switch in and out jobs so there is no idle processors no matter what

Frage 33

Frage
What are the components of clustered systems?
Antworten
  • gathers together multiple CPUs
  • are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together
  • multiple operating systems run on the same board
  • each processor runs its own operating system

Frage 34

Frage
clustered systems are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together. This is called loosely coupled
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
clustering can be structured asymmetrically or symmetrically
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

Frage
in asymmetric clustering one machine is in [blank_start]hot-standby[blank_end] while the other is running the applications
Antworten
  • hot-standby

Frage 37

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what is the hot-standby host function?
Antworten
  • the host machine does nothing but monitor the active server
  • the host machine allocates jobs to other servers

Frage 38

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what does an asymmetric hot-standby host machine do if the server fails?
Antworten
  • the hot-standby host becomes the active server
  • the hot-standby host reallocates the jobs to other servers
  • the hot-standby host cancels all jobs for that server and notifies all other servers of its failure

Frage 39

Frage
symmetric clustering is when two or more hosts are running applications and are monitoring each other
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
symmetric clustering is more efficient?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
why is symmetric clustering more efficient?
Antworten
  • is uses all of the available hardware
  • it talks between each processor more efficiently

Frage 42

Frage
what are the component(s) of cluster parallelization?
Antworten
  • parallelization divides a program into separate components that run in parallel on individual computers in the cluster
  • these applications are designed so that once each computing node in the cluster has solved its portion of the problem, the results from all the nodes are combined into a final solution
  • parallelization concurrently divides jobs between nodes

Frage 43

Frage
to provide shared access, the system must also supply access control and locking to ensure that no conflicting operations occur. this is known as [blank_start]distributed lock manager (DLM)[blank_end]
Antworten
  • distributed lock manager (DLM)
  • eye lock manager (ELM)
  • protected access manager (PAM)
  • distributed access manager (DAM)

Frage 44

Frage
improvements to clustering are made possible by [blank_start]storage-area networks (SANs)[blank_end]
Antworten
  • storage-area networks (SANs)
  • dynamic-area networks (DANs)
  • symmetric-area networks (SANs)

Frage 45

Frage
the advantage(s) of storage-area networks (SANs)
Antworten
  • allows many systems to attach to a pool of storage
  • if the applications and their data are stored on the SAN, then the cluster software can assign the application to run on any host that is attached to the SAN
  • allows concurrent processing through allocation of storage
  • symmetric processing is possible through sharing of processing of programs

Frage 46

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beowulf clusters are designed to solve high-performance computing tasks
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 47

Frage
beowulf computing nodes typically run Linux operating systems
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

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why is beowulf clusters a low cost strategy for building a high-performance computing cluster?
Antworten
  • uses open-source software
  • uses less power
  • less processors are needed

Frage 49

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beowulf clusters nodes use a set of [blank_start]open-source[blank_end] software libraries to communicate with one another
Antworten
  • open-source

Frage 50

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[blank_start]multiprogramming[blank_end] increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute
Antworten
  • multiprogramming

Frage 51

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the main idea(s) behind multiprogramming?
Antworten
  • the jobs are prioritized so that the most important jobs are done first
  • the program uses all available processors to run the program concurrently
  • as long as at least one job needs to execute the CPU is never idle

Frage 52

Frage
what does time sharing require?
Antworten
  • an interactive computer system
  • a dynamic computer system
  • a static computer system
  • a clustered computer system
  • a GUI computer system

Frage 53

Frage
a time-shared operating system allows many users to share the computer simultaneously
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

Frage
how do we achieve the goal of reasonable time from time-sharing?
Antworten
  • we use swapping or virtual memory
  • multithreading
  • concurrent processing
  • we use a method called logical memory

Frage 55

Frage
what is virtual memory?
Antworten
  • it abstracts main memory into a large, uniform array of storage separating logical memory as viewed by the user from physical memory
  • memory is run in the cloud
  • memory is constantly switched out between the main memory and cache to give the allusion of memory space larger than it actually is

Frage 56

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modern systems are [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] driven
Antworten
  • interrupt

Frage 57

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[blank_start]mode[blank_end] bit is added to the hardware of the computer to indicate the current mode - kernel (0) - user (1)
Antworten
  • mode

Frage 58

Frage
what is the function of dual mode?
Antworten
  • it provides the operating system the means of protecting it from errant users and errant users from one another
  • the operating systems is protected from hackers that are trying to gain remote access
  • it protects your files from errant users

Frage 59

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[blank_start]virtual machine manager (VMM)[blank_end] has more privileges than the user processes but fewer than the kernel
Antworten
  • virtual machine manager (VMM)
  • dynamic machine manager (DMM)
  • file machine manager (FMM)
  • force quite manager (FQM)
  • processor machine manager (PMM)

Frage 60

Frage
a timers period may be [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] or [blank_start]variable[blank_end]
Antworten
  • fixed
  • variable

Frage 61

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variable timer is generally implemented by a fixed-rate clock and counter
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 62

Frage
why do we use timers?
Antworten
  • we can use timers to prevent a user program from running too long
  • to calculate the time efficiency of a program
  • to display the time of a files last update

Frage 63

Frage
a program is a [blank_start]passive[blank_end] entity, like the contents of a file stored on disk, whereas a process is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] entity
Antworten
  • passive
  • active

Frage 64

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a single-threaded process has one [blank_start]program counter[blank_end] specifying the next instruction to execute
Antworten
  • program counter

Frage 65

Frage
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management:
Antworten
  • scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
  • creating and deleting both user and system processes
  • suspending and resuming processes
  • providing mechanisms for process synchronization
  • providing mechanisms for process communication

Frage 66

Frage
for a program to be executed it must be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded into memory
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 67

Frage
when selecting the memory-management scheme you must take into account many factors but especially the [blank_start]hardware[blank_end] design of the system
Antworten
  • hardware

Frage 68

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the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:
Antworten
  • keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and who is using them
  • deciding which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move into and out of memory
  • allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
  • allocating and deallocating processes to complete jobs

Frage 69

Frage
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the file management:
Antworten
  • creating and deleting files
  • creating and deleting directories to organize files
  • supporting primitives for manipulating files and directories
  • mapping files onto secondary storage
  • backing up files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
  • communicating between the clouds file system and the local file system on your computer

Frage 70

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the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the disk management:
Antworten
  • free-space management
  • storage allocation
  • disk scheduling

Frage 71

Frage
the entire speed of operation of a computer may hinge on the speeds of the disk subsystem and the algorithms that manipulate that subsystem
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 72

Frage
when we need a particular piece of information, we first check wether it is in the cache which of the following is true if any of the above statement?
Antworten
  • if it is, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is not, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon
  • if it is not, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon

Frage 73

Frage
with multiprocessors each has its own local cache so when the value of something changes you must make sure that value is changed computer wide. this is called [blank_start]cache coherency[blank_end]
Antworten
  • cache coherency

Frage 74

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I/O subsystems consists of several component(s):
Antworten
  • a memory-manamgment component that includes buffering, caching, and spooling
  • a general device-driver interface
  • drivers for specific hardware devices

Frage 75

Frage
most operating systems maintain a lot of user names and associated [blank_start]user identifiers[blank_end]
Antworten
  • user identifiers

Frage 76

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in a [blank_start]singly linked list[blank_end], each item points to its successor
Antworten
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Frage 77

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in a [blank_start]doubly linked list[blank_end], a given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor
Antworten
  • doubly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Frage 78

Frage
in a [blank_start]circularly linked list[blank_end], the last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null
Antworten
  • circularly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list

Frage 79

Frage
[blank_start]general[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have an unlimited number of children
Antworten
  • general

Frage 80

Frage
[blank_start]binary[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have at most two children, which we term left child and the right child
Antworten
  • binary

Frage 81

Frage
[blank_start]binary search[blank_end] tree, additionally requires an ordering between the parents two children in which left_child <= right_child
Antworten
  • binary search

Frage 82

Frage
[blank_start]balanced binary search[blank_end] tree is when a tree containing n items as at most log(n) levels
Antworten
  • balanced binary search

Frage 83

Frage
[blank_start]hash function[blank_end] takes data as input, performs a numeric operation on this data, and returns a numeric value
Antworten
  • hash function

Frage 84

Frage
what is it called when two hash function have the same output
Antworten
  • hash collision
  • hash interrupt
  • hash contact
  • hash dilapidation

Frage 85

Frage
in the event of a hash collision what method do we employ
Antworten
  • we use a linked list at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a array at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a stack at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value

Frage 86

Frage
[blank_start]hash map[blank_end] associates pairs using a hash function
Antworten
  • hash map

Frage 87

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[blank_start]bitmap[blank_end] is a string of n binary digits that can be used to represent the status of n items
Antworten
  • bitmap

Frage 88

Frage
when are bitmaps commonly used?
Antworten
  • when there is a need to represent the availability of a large number of resources
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of processes
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of jobs

Frage 89

Frage
[blank_start]distributed systems[blank_end] is a collection of physically separate, possibly heterogeneous computer systems that are networked to provide users with access to the various resources that the system maintains
Antworten
  • distributed systems

Frage 90

Frage
[blank_start]network[blank_end] is a communication path between two or more systems
Antworten
  • network

Frage 91

Frage
what do distributed systems depend on for their functionality?
Antworten
  • networking
  • GUI
  • multicore systems
  • multiprogramming

Frage 92

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[blank_start]TCP/IP[blank_end] is the most common network protocol, and it provides the fundamental architecture of the Internet
Antworten
  • TCP/IP

Frage 93

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[blank_start]local-area network (LAN)[blank_end] connects computers within a room, a building or a campus
Antworten
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Frage 94

Frage
[blank_start]wide-area network (WAN)[blank_end] usually links buildings, cities or countries
Antworten
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Frage 95

Frage
[blank_start]personal-area network (PAN)[blank_end] connects a phone to a headset or a smartphone and a desktop computer
Antworten
  • personal-area network (PAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)

Frage 96

Frage
[blank_start]network operating system[blank_end] is an operating system that provides features such as file sharing across the network, along with communication scheme that allows different processes on different computers to exchange messages
Antworten
  • network operating system

Frage 97

Frage
many of todays systems act as [blank_start]server systems[blank_end] to satisfy requests generated by [blank_start]client systems[blank_end]
Antworten
  • server systems
  • client systems

Frage 98

Frage
the function of a computer-server system:
Antworten
  • provides an interface to which client can send a request to perform an action. in response the server executes the action and sends the results to the client
  • provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files

Frage 99

Frage
[blank_start]file-server system[blank_end] provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files
Antworten
  • file-server system

Frage 100

Frage
an example of a computer-server system:
Antworten
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Frage 101

Frage
an example of a file-server system:
Antworten
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Frage 102

Frage
[blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] computing clients and servers are not distinguished from one another
Antworten
  • peer-to-peer

Frage 103

Frage
in a [blank_start]client-server[blank_end] system, the server is a bottleneck; but in a [blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] system, services can be provided by several nodes distributed throughout the network
Antworten
  • client-server
  • peer-to-peer

Frage 104

Frage
deeming what services are available is accomplished in one of two general ways: - when a node joins a network, it registers its services with a centralized lookup service on the network, Any node desiring a specific service first contacts this centralized lookup service to determine which node provides the service. the remainder of the communication takes place between the client and the service provider - An alternative scheme uses no centralized lookup service. Instead, a peer acting as a client must discover what node provides a desired service by broadcasting a request for the service to all other nodes in the network. the node (or nodes) providing that service responds to the peer making the request. To support this approach, a discovery protocol must be provided that allows peers to discover services provided by other peers in the network
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 105

Frage
[blank_start]emulation[blank_end] is used when the source CPU type is different from the target CPU type
Antworten
  • emulation

Frage 106

Frage
process of emulation: every machine-level instruction that runs natively on the source system must be translated to the equivalent function on the target system
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 107

Frage
[blank_start]interpretation[blank_end] is a form of emulation in that the high-level language code is translated to native CPU instructions, emulating not another CPU but a theoretical virtual machine on which that language could run natively
Antworten
  • interpretation

Frage 108

Frage
[blank_start]virtualization[blank_end] is an operating system that is natively compiled for a particular CPU architecture runs within another operating system also native to that CPU
Antworten
  • virtualization

Frage 109

Frage
cloud computing is a type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and even applications as a service across a network
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 110

Frage
which is not a type of cloud computing
Antworten
  • public cloud
  • private cloud
  • hybrid cloud
  • dynamic cloud

Frage 111

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a [blank_start]public cloud[blank_end] is a cloud available vie the internet to anyone willing to pay for the services
Antworten
  • public cloud

Frage 112

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a [blank_start]private cloud[blank_end] is a cloud run by a company for that company's own use
Antworten
  • private cloud

Frage 113

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a [blank_start]hybrid cloud[blank_end] is a cloud that includes both public and private cloud components
Antworten
  • hybrid cloud

Frage 114

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[blank_start]Software as a service (SaaS)[blank_end] is one or more applications (such as word processors or spreadsheets) available via internet
Antworten
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
  • Program as a service (PaaS)

Frage 115

Frage
______________ is a software stack ready for application use via internet
Antworten
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Frage 116

Frage
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is one or more applications available via internet
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 117

Frage
embedded systems almost always run [blank_start]real-time[blank_end] operating systems
Antworten
  • real-time

Frage 118

Frage
when do we use real-time systems?
Antworten
  • when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation or processor or the flow of data
  • when we need to run a process concurrently in the system
  • when we are running a blade-server system we want to use a real-time system

Frage 119

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The types of user interfaces are: - command-line interface (CLI) - batch interface - graphical user interface (GUI)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 120

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for efficiency and protection, users usually can control I/O
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 121

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[blank_start]shared memory[blank_end] is when two or more processes read and write to a shared section of memory
Antworten
  • shared memory

Frage 122

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[blank_start]message passing[blank_end] is packets of information in predefined formats are moved between processes by the operating system
Antworten
  • message passing

Frage 123

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when several separate processes execute concurrently, it should be possible for one process to interfere with the others or with the operating system itself
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 124

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the [blank_start]api[blank_end] specifies a set of functions that are available to an application programmer, including the parameters that are passed to each function and return values the program can expect
Antworten
  • api

Frage 125

Frage
system-call interface serves as the link to system calls made available by the operating system
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 126

Frage
what are the method(s) used to pass parameters to the operating system?
Antworten
  • pass the parameters in registers
  • parameters are generally stored in a block, or table, in memory, and the address of the block is passed as a parameter in a register
  • parameters also can be placed, or pushed, onto the stack by the program and popped off the stack by the operating system

Frage 127

Frage
[blank_start]debugger[blank_end] is a system program designed to aid the programmer in finding and correcting errors
Antworten
  • debugger

Frage 128

Frage
what are the major categories of system calls?
Antworten
  • process control
  • file management
  • device management
  • information maintenance
  • communications
  • cloud communication
  • network calls

Frage 129

Frage
what is part of the message-passing model?
Antworten
  • communicating processes exchange messages with one another to transfer information
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • each process has a process name
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating system control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously

Frage 130

Frage
what is part of the shared-memory model?
Antworten
  • shared memory requires that two or more processes agree to remove the restriction that one process cannot access another processes memory
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating systems control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons

Frage 131

Frage
what are the system utilities categories?
Antworten
  • file management
  • status information
  • file modification
  • programming-language support
  • programming loading and execution
  • communications
  • background services
  • application programs

Frage 132

Frage
operating system requirements are divided into two basic groups: [blank_start]user goals[blank_end] and [blank_start]system goals[blank_end]
Antworten
  • user goals
  • system goals

Frage 133

Frage
[blank_start]mechanisms[blank_end] are how to do something and [blank_start]policies[blank_end] are what will be done
Antworten
  • mechanisms
  • policies

Frage 134

Frage
the advantage to writing in high level languages is that it is faster and lowers storage requirements
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 135

Frage
the main advantage to the layered approach when making an O.S. is
Antworten
  • simplicity of construction and debugging
  • debugging and less time
  • less time and less cost

Frage 136

Frage
The main function of the microkernel is to provide communication between the client program and various services in the user space. Communication is provided through message passing
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 137

Frage
what is one benefit of the microkernel?
Antworten
  • it makes extending the operating system easier. it also provides more security and reliability.
  • the performance of microkernels overhead is extremely small

Frage 138

Frage
what is the loadable kernel modules?
Antworten
  • the kernel has a set of core components, and links to additional services via modules, either at boot time or during run time
  • remove all nonessential components from the kernel and implement them as system and user level programs

Frage 139

Frage
the best methodology to OS design is using loadable kernel modules
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 140

Frage
how is Mac OSX a hybrid system?
Antworten
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is MACH and BSD UNIX kernel
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is cocoa api

Frage 141

Frage
a failure in the kernel is called a crash and information about it is saved in a [blank_start]crash dump[blank_end]
Antworten
  • crash dump

Frage 142

Frage
the operating can take a [blank_start]core dump[blank_end], a capture of the memory of the process, to be stored for later analysis
Antworten
  • core dump

Frage 143

Frage
the operating system produces [blank_start]trace listings[blank_end] of system behaviour to try to find bottle necks
Antworten
  • trace listings

Frage 144

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[blank_start]Profiling[blank_end] periodically samples the instruction pointer to determine which code is being executed. It can show stat trends but not individual activity.
Antworten
  • Profiling

Frage 145

Frage
an OS must be generated for each specific computer site, a process known as [blank_start]system generation (SYSGEN)[blank_end]
Antworten
  • system generation (SYSGEN)
  • operating system generation (OSYSGEN)
  • kernel generation (KG)
  • kernel and user generation (KUG)

Frage 146

Frage
The SYSGEN is on the disk or ISO of the OS and it queries the user on hardware information such as:
Antworten
  • What CPU is used? What options are installed?
  • How will the boot disk be formatted? How many partitions are there?
  • How much memory is available?
  • What devices are available?
  • What operating system options are desired?

Frage 147

Frage
after the OS is generated, it must be loaded into the kernel using a [blank_start]bootstrap loader[blank_end]. This program is placed in ROM.
Antworten
  • bootstrap loader

Frage 148

Frage
a bootstrap can also run diagnostics on a system to ensure it is properly working before booting
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 149

Frage
a [blank_start]batch[blank_end] system executes jobs, whereas a [blank_start]time-shared[blank_end] system has user programs, or tasks
Antworten
  • batch
  • time-shared

Frage 150

Frage
a [blank_start]process[blank_end] is more than the program code, which is sometimes known as the [blank_start]text section[blank_end]. It also includes the current activity, represented by the [blank_start]program counter[blank_end]
Antworten
  • process
  • text section
  • program counter
  • text section
  • process
  • program counter
  • program counter
  • process
  • text section

Frage 151

Frage
what does the process stack generally contain?
Antworten
  • contains temporary data. as well as a data section
  • contains temporary data. as well as a process section
  • contains program counter as well as a data section

Frage 152

Frage
what can a process also include? and what is its function?
Antworten
  • heap - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time
  • heap - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time

Frage 153

Frage
the program itself is not a process. A program is a ___________
Antworten
  • passive entity
  • static entity
  • dynamic entity
  • active entity

Frage 154

Frage
a process is a(n) __________________
Antworten
  • active entity
  • passive entity
  • dynamic entity
  • static entity

Frage 155

Frage
a program becomes a process when it is loaded into memory
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 156

Frage
select the common ways of executing a program:
Antworten
  • double click an icon representing the executable file
  • entering the name of the executable file on the command line
  • using the program counter
  • using a system call to start a program
  • using the command startx

Frage 157

Frage
although two processes can be related to the same program, they are not considered two separate execution sequences
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 158

Frage
a process itself can be an execution environment for other code
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 159

Frage
as a program executes, it changes [blank_start]state[blank_end]. The [blank_start]state[blank_end] of a process is defined in part by the current activity of the process
Antworten
  • state
  • state

Frage 160

Frage
what are not common states or a process?
Antworten
  • new
  • running
  • waiting
  • ready
  • terminated
  • halted
  • overhaul

Frage 161

Frage
it is important to know that only [blank_start]one[blank_end] process can be running at a time, while [blank_start]many[blank_end] can be ready or waiting
Antworten
  • one
  • many

Frage 162

Frage
each process is represented in the operating system by a [blank_start]process control block (PCB)[blank_end] also called the control block.
Antworten
  • process control block (PCB)
  • heap control block (HCB)
  • process counter control block (PCCB)
  • accounting control block (ACB)

Frage 163

Frage
which is not part of the process control block?
Antworten
  • process state
  • program counter
  • cpu registers
  • cpu-scheduling information
  • memory-manamgent information
  • accounting information
  • I/O status information
  • program heap

Frage 164

Frage
[blank_start]Process State[blank_end] - the state may be new, running, halted, ect.
Antworten
  • Process State
  • Program counter
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Frage 165

Frage
[blank_start]Program counter[blank_end] - the counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process
Antworten
  • Program counter
  • Process sate
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Frage 166

Frage
[blank_start]CPU registers[blank_end] - the registers vary in number and type, depending on the computer architecture. They include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general purpose registers, as well as condition code information. All this information must be saved when an interrupt occurs.
Antworten
  • CPU registers
  • Process registers
  • Heap registers

Frage 167

Frage
______________ - this information includes a process priority, pointers to scheduling queues, and any other scheduling parameters
Antworten
  • CPU-scheduling
  • Process-scheduling

Frage 168

Frage
[blank_start]memory[blank_end]-management information - This information may include such items as the value of the base and limit registers and the page tables, or the segment tables, depending on the memory system used by the operating system.
Antworten
  • memory

Frage 169

Frage
[blank_start]accounting[blank_end] information - This information includes the amount of CPU and real time used, time limits, account numbers, job process numbers, and so on
Antworten
  • accounting

Frage 170

Frage
I/O [blank_start]status[blank_end] information - This information includes the list of I/O devices allocated to the process, a list of open files, and so on
Antworten
  • status

Frage 171

Frage
a process is a program that performs a single [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution. Many systems now have upgraded this to allow a program to run multiple [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution.
Antworten
  • thread
  • thread

Frage 172

Frage
On a system that supports threads, the [blank_start]PCB[blank_end] is extended to include the information for each thread.
Antworten
  • PCB
  • ACB
  • GPD
  • PCCB

Frage 173

Frage
we want to have processes running at all times to maximize CPU utilization
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 174

Frage
what is the objective of time sharing?
Antworten
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so frequently that users can interact with each program while it is running
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so that each process gets equal time to compute its job

Frage 175

Frage
to meet the objective of time sharing, the [blank_start]process scheduler[blank_end] selects an available process for the program execution on the CPU
Antworten
  • process scheduler

Frage 176

Frage
on single cores, only one process can run at a time
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 177

Frage
as a process enters a system, it is put into a [blank_start]job queue[blank_end], which consists of all processes in the system
Antworten
  • job queue
  • process stack
  • job linked list
  • process linked list

Frage 178

Frage
the processes that are residing in main memory and are ready and waiting to execute are kept on a list called the [blank_start]ready queue[blank_end].
Antworten
  • ready queue

Frage 179

Frage
a new process is put on the ready queue until it is selected for execution or [blank_start]dispatched[blank_end]
Antworten
  • dispatched

Frage 180

Frage
Once a process gets the CPU, one of several events may occur:
Antworten
  • The process could issue an I/O request and be put on an I/O queue
  • The process could create a new child process and wait for the child's termination
  • The process could be forcibly removed from the CPU, as a result of an interrupt and put back in the ready queue

Frage 181

Frage
the operating system must select processes from the queues using an appropriate [blank_start]scheduler[blank_end]
Antworten
  • scheduler

Frage 182

Frage
The [blank_start]long-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]job scheduler[blank_end] selects processes from the batch pool and loads them into memory for execution
Antworten
  • long-term scheduler
  • short-term scheduler
  • job scheduler
  • CPU scheduler

Frage 183

Frage
The [blank_start]shot-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]CPU scheduler[blank_end] selects from among the processes that are ready for execution and allocates the CPU to one of them
Antworten
  • shot-term scheduler
  • long-term scheduler
  • CPU scheduler
  • job scheduler

Frage 184

Frage
The short term scheduler must select a new process for the CPU frequently
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 185

Frage
The long term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming (the number of processes in memory)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 186

Frage
when is the degree of multiprogramming stable?
Antworten
  • the average number of process creation is equal to the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is less than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is two times more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system

Frage 187

Frage
An I/O bound process generates I/O requests infrequently, spending more time doing computations and a CPU bound process is one that spends most of its time doing I/O rather than computations.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 188

Frage
some systems such as time sharing systems may introduce [blank_start]medium[blank_end]-term schedulers. The idea is that sometimes it is advantageous to remove a process from memory to reduce the degree of multiprogramming. Later the process can be reintroduced to memory and start off where they left off, in a process called [blank_start]swapping[blank_end].
Antworten
  • medium
  • swapping

Frage 189

Frage
when an interrupt occurs, the system needs to save the current [blank_start]context[blank_end] of the process running on the CPU so that it can restore that context when processing is done
Antworten
  • context

Frage 190

Frage
Gernerally, we perform a [blank_start]state save[blank_end] of the current state of the CPU, be it in kernel mode or user mode, then use a [blank_start]state restore[blank_end] to resume operation
Antworten
  • state save
  • state restore
  • state copy
  • state restore
  • state save
  • state copy
  • state resume

Frage 191

Frage
the process of completing a state save and state restore is known as a [blank_start]context switch[blank_end]
Antworten
  • context switch
  • context swap
  • context flip

Frage 192

Frage
the [blank_start]kthread[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for creating additional processes that perform tasks on behalf of the kernel
Antworten
  • kthread

Frage 193

Frage
the [blank_start]sshd[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for the managing clients that connect to a system using ssh
Antworten
  • sshd

Frage 194

Frage
the [blank_start]login[blank_end] process is also a child of init and it is used to manage clients that directly log onto the system
Antworten
  • login

Frage 195

Frage
When a process creates a new process. Which are possible for execution:
Antworten
  • the parent continues to execute concurrently with the children
  • the parent waits until some or all of its children have terminated

Frage 196

Frage
with a new process what could happen with address space?
Antworten
  • the children process is duplicate of the parent process (it has the same program and data as the parent)
  • the child process has a new program loaded into it

Frage 197

Frage
A parent may terminate the execution of one of its children for a variety of different reasons, such as:
Antworten
  • The child has exceeded its usage of some of the resources that it has been allocated
  • The task assigned to the child is no longer required
  • The parent is existing, and the operating system does not allow a child to continue if its parent terminates

Frage 198

Frage
[blank_start]Cascading termination[blank_end] is when a parent is terminated, and all of its children are terminated as well
Antworten
  • Cascading termination
  • Family termination
  • Mass termination

Frage 199

Frage
A process that is terminated, but whose parents do not call wait is called a [blank_start]zombie[blank_end] process. All processes transition to this state briefly but are often resolved once wait() is called by the parent
Antworten
  • zombie

Frage 200

Frage
If a parent terminates before a child, it can not call wait(), so the child process becomes and [blank_start]orphan[blank_end]. Linux and Unix solve this problem by assigning [blank_start]init[blank_end] to be the new parent of a child process whose parent prematurely terminates.
Antworten
  • orphan
  • init
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