BioMed II Exam 3

Beschreibung

Lectures Medical Biology I II and III
Monica Werner
Quiz von Monica Werner, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Monica Werner
Erstellt von Monica Werner vor mehr als ein Jahr
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Prokaryotes are [blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]do not contain[blank_end] a Nucleus. They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Circular[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]have[blank_end] a Cell Wall. Eukaryotes are [blank_start]Multicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]contain[blank_end] a Nucleus. They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Linear[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]do not have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Antworten
  • Unicellular
  • Multicellular
  • do not contain
  • contain
  • Circular
  • Linear
  • have
  • do not have
  • Multicellular
  • Unicellular
  • contain
  • do not contain
  • Linear
  • Circular
  • do not have
  • have

Frage 2

Frage
Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.
Antworten
  • Capsule
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell Wall
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Nucleiod
  • Nucleus
  • Flagellum
  • Chromosome (DNA)
  • Fimbirae

Frage 3

Frage
Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?
Antworten
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Shingella dysenteriae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mycobacterium leprosae
  • Enterococcus faecalis

Frage 4

Frage
Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?
Antworten
  • Anaerobic bacteria lack and inner and outer cell membrane
  • Anaerobic bacteria have pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
  • Aerobic bacteria lack catalase and SOD
  • Aerobic Bacteria have a cell wall

Frage 5

Frage
All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Complement
  • Limited Turbulance
  • Preexisting antibodies
  • IgA in mucosal secretions
  • Multi-layer keratinized epithelia

Frage 6

Frage
Match the symbiotic type with its definition: [blank_start]Mutualism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria and Host [blank_start]Commensalism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria, no effect on the host [blank_start]Parasitism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria but Bad for the host
Antworten
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism
  • Parasitism
  • Parasitism
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism

Frage 7

Frage
[blank_start]Resident[blank_end] Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while [blank_start]Transient[blank_end] Bacteria have a short term presence.
Antworten
  • Resident
  • Transient

Frage 8

Frage
Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 9

Frage
Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 10

Frage
Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract. [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Oral [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Stomach [blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Small Intestines [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Large Intestines [blank_start]Many[blank_end] Colon
Antworten
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Many
  • Minimal
  • Many
  • Minimal

Frage 11

Frage
Which is more prevalent in the gut?
Antworten
  • Obligate Anaerobes
  • Aerobes

Frage 12

Frage
Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition. [blank_start]Obligate Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living in environments not containing oxygen [blank_start]Facilitative Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living with or without oxygen [blank_start]Aerobe[blank_end] --> Living in oxygen containing environments
Antworten
  • Obligate Anaerobe
  • Facilitative Anaerobe
  • Aerobe

Frage 13

Frage
Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

Frage
If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in
Antworten
  • Post-antibiotic infections
  • Pathogenic colonization prevention
  • Inhibiting pathogenic overgrowth
  • Normal micro-biotic flora

Frage 15

Frage
Nosocomial infections can be acquired from
Antworten
  • Hospitals
  • Nursing Homes
  • Offices
  • Outpatient Clinic
  • Home Care
  • Outpatient Pharmacy

Frage 16

Frage
A lack of immune system priming results in
Antworten
  • Strong immune system
  • Weak immune system
  • Nonspecific antibodies
  • Very specific antibodies
  • Low serum Igs
  • High serum Igs

Frage 17

Frage
Infections begins with [blank_start]Exposure[blank_end] which leads to [blank_start]Entry[blank_end] then [blank_start]Multiply and Spread[blank_end] which can result in [blank_start]Injury[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Exposure
  • Entry
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Injury
  • Entry
  • Exposure
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Injury
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Exposure
  • Entry
  • Injury
  • Injury
  • Multiply and Spread
  • Exposure
  • Entry

Frage 18

Frage
Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?
Antworten
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Penetration
  • Site to Site Transfer

Frage 19

Frage
Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?
Antworten
  • Transfer of a pathogenic bacteria from one patient to another by staff
  • An infection acquired from a contaminated hot tub
  • Infection due to catheterization
  • Diarrhea that develops after prolonged antibiotic utilization

Frage 20

Frage
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Bacterial Adhesions are stronger than Bacterial Attachment Proteins.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
Bacteria multiply in the [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] before Invasion.
Antworten
  • Submucosa

Frage 23

Frage
[blank_start]Direct Damage[blank_end] is caused by bacterial toxins destroying host cells and tissues while [blank_start]Indirect Damage[blank_end] is caused by the host inflammatory response.
Antworten
  • Direct Damage
  • Indirect Damage

Frage 24

Frage
Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition. [blank_start]Neurotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Nerves [blank_start]Cytotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Cells [blank_start]Exotoxin[blank_end] --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells [blank_start]Endotoxin[blank_end] --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane
Antworten
  • Neurotoxin
  • Cytotoxin
  • Exotoxin
  • Endotoxin

Frage 25

Frage
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] Domain binds to the cell The [blank_start]A[blank_end] Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.
Antworten
  • B
  • A

Frage 26

Frage
Membrane Active Exotoxins have an indirect insertion into the host membrane that forms a pore causing cell leakage/lysis.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
Super Antigens bridge the gap between [blank_start]Antigen Presenting Cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]T Cells[blank_end] causing a massive release of [blank_start]Cytokines[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Antigen Presenting Cells
  • T Cells
  • Cytokines

Frage 28

Frage
Endotoxins are ONLY associated with Gram - Cells
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
PAMP stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern[blank_end] PRR stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Recognition Receptor[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
  • Pathogen Recognition Receptor

Frage 30

Frage
Having a polysaccharide capsule can make it easier for bacteria to withstand attack from [blank_start]Phagocytosis[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Compliment Cascade[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Phagocytosis
  • Compliment Cascade

Frage 31

Frage
PAMPs are located on our cells while PRRs are located on Bacterial cells
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
Bacteria avoid attack from the immune system through
Antworten
  • Slightly changing the proteins on the outside to avoid Compliment Cascade
  • Polysaccharide Capsule
  • Attaching and Destroying/Replicating in Phagocytes
  • Secreting Proteases to damage present antibodies (IgA IgG)

Frage 33

Frage
Bacteremia means [blank_start]Bacteria in the blood[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Bacteria in the blood

Frage 34

Frage
Localized infections mean the pathogen or the toxins being released are concentrated in one area or tissue. The Localized effects also stay in that general area.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
Systemic Infections are where the pathogen enters the blood or several tissues. This can contain Cytokines, secreted toxins and presence of bacteria, viruses, or pathogens in the blood.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

Frage
SIRS stands for [blank_start]Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Frage 37

Frage
You must have at least two of which of these symptoms for SIRS?
Antworten
  • Abnormal Temperature
  • Lowered Heart Rate
  • Respiratory Distress
  • Abnormal WBC Counts

Frage 38

Frage
Match the SIRS pro inflammatory cytokines with their function TNF-Alpha --> [blank_start]Activates IL-1 and IL-6[blank_end] IL-1 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage[blank_end] IL-6 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage pt2[blank_end] IL-8 --> ? PAF --> [blank_start]Blood Clotting[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Activates IL-1 and IL-6
  • Cellular Damage
  • Blood Clotting
  • Cellular Damage
  • Activates IL-1 and IL-6
  • Blood Clotting
  • Cellular Damage pt2
  • Activates IL-a and IL-6
  • Blood Clotting
  • Blood Clotting
  • Activates Il-1 and IL-6
  • Cellular Damage

Frage 39

Frage
In CARS [blank_start]IL-1Ra[blank_end] counteracts the pro inflammatory activity of [blank_start]IL-1[blank_end] in SIRS
Antworten
  • IL-1Ra
  • IL-1

Frage 40

Frage
When there is a SIRS response, and [blank_start]infection[blank_end] is what kicks off the cascade into Sepsis
Antworten
  • infection

Frage 41

Frage
DIC stands for [blank_start]Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Frage 42

Frage
In MODS or [blank_start]Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome[blank_end], multiple organs begin to fail and stop working properly.
Antworten
  • Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Frage 43

Frage
The lungs are usually the first to fail in a syndrome called ARDS or [blank_start]Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Frage 44

Frage
The kidneys are usually next to fail in ARF or [blank_start]acute renal failure[blank_end]
Antworten
  • acute renal failure

Frage 45

Frage
The infections that are most common with SIRS to cause sepsis are (in order) 1 [blank_start]Respiratory Tract[blank_end] 2 [blank_start]Genitourinary Tract[blank_end] 3 [blank_start]Intra-Abdominal[blank_end] 4 [blank_start]Device Related[blank_end] 5 [blank_start]Wounds/Soft Tissue[blank_end] 6 [blank_start]Primary Bacterium[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Device Related
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Inra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Primary Bacterium
  • Respiratory Tract
  • Genitourinary Tract
  • Intra-Abdominal
  • Device Related
  • Wounds/Soft Tissue

Frage 46

Frage
Pathogens commonly associated with sepsis in order 1 [blank_start]Gram Positive Aerobes[blank_end] 2 [blank_start]Gram Negative Aerobes[blank_end] 3 [blank_start]Anaerobes[blank_end] 4 [blank_start]Fungi[blank_end] 5 [blank_start]Polymicrobial[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Anaerobes
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Fungi
  • Polymicrobial
  • Fungi
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Polymicrobial
  • Polymicrobial
  • Gram Positive Aerobes
  • Gram Negative Aerobes
  • Anaerobes
  • Fungi

Frage 47

Frage
The damage from Gram Positive Sepsis comes from the [blank_start]Peptidoglycan[blank_end], [blank_start]Pro-inflammatory cytokines[blank_end], and [blank_start]exotoxins[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • exotoxins

Frage 48

Frage
Gram Negative Sepsis has stronger effects than Gram Negative but is less common.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
The bacteria causing Gram Positive Septic Shock are [blank_start]Streptococcus pneumonia[blank_end] [blank_start]Staphylococcus spp[blank_end] [blank_start]Enterococci spp[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Streptococcus pneumonia
  • Staphylococcus spp
  • Enterococci spp
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