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Foundations Midterm/Final

Beschreibung

Quiz am Foundations Midterm/Final, erstellt von Erin Knapp am 15/03/2023.
Erin Knapp
Quiz von Erin Knapp, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Erin Knapp
Erstellt von Erin Knapp vor mehr als ein Jahr
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The nuclear force which holds electrons in “orbit” around an atom is called:
Antworten
  • gravity
  • charge
  • valence force
  • binding energy

Frage 2

Frage
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The curve shifts:
Antworten
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Frage 3

Frage
Scatter radiation is mostly a result of the Photoelectric interaction.
Antworten
  • true
  • false

Frage 4

Frage
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Antworten
  • right
  • left
  • remains the same

Frage 5

Frage
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Frage 6

Frage
The Compton interaction is mainly responsible for radiographer dose.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Antworten
  • decrease
  • increase
  • remain the same

Frage 8

Frage
As the atomic number of an element increases, the energy required to remove an inner shell electron _____________________.
Antworten
  • increases
  • decreases
  • is unchanged

Frage 9

Frage
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Antworten

Frage 10

Frage
The end product(s) of the photoelectric effect is/are:
Antworten
  • one ejected electron and an orbital vacancy
  • one ejected electron only
  • one scattered photon, one ejected electron, and an orbital vacancy
  • one scattered photon only
  • one orbital vacancy only

Frage 11

Frage
If an incident photon has an energy of 90 keV and undergoes a Compton interaction giving 20 keV to the ejected electron which had a binding energy of 2 keV, determine the energy of the scattered photon. the energy is [blank_start]68[blank_end] keV
Antworten
  • 68

Frage 12

Frage
Which of the following is NOT an interaction between x-ray photons and matter?
Antworten
  • compton interaction
  • photoelectric interaction
  • brems interaction
  • coherent interaction

Frage 13

Frage
The greatest amount of scatter is produced from the _____________________ interaction.
Antworten
  • coherent
  • compton
  • characteristic
  • brems

Frage 14

Frage
Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
A high energy x-ray photon has a long wavelength.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 16

Frage
An 80-kV photon undergoes a coherent scattering interaction with an orbital electron having a binding energy of 8 kV. What is the energy of the resulting scattered photon?
Antworten
  • 88 kV
  • 8 kV
  • 72 kV
  • 80 kV

Frage 17

Frage
Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the primary beam.
Antworten
  • low energy x-ray photons
  • high energy incident electrons
  • high energy x-ray photons
  • low energy incident electrons

Frage 18

Frage
label the parts of the x-ray beam spectrum graph
Image:
Picture2 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • characteristic interactions
  • kilovoltage peak
  • average breams kV
  • brems interactions

Frage 19

Frage
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The curve shifts:
Antworten
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Frage 20

Frage
If the number of protons within an atom’s nucleus is changed, which of the following must absolutely change:
Antworten
  • number of electrons
  • element's name
  • electrical charge
  • number of neutrons

Frage 21

Frage
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The curve shifts:
Antworten
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Frage 22

Frage
Characteristic radiation forms a discrete emission spectrum.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 23

Frage
The partial absorption of the x-ray beam as it passes through the body is best referred as:
Antworten
  • absorption
  • brems
  • heterogeneity
  • attenuation

Frage 24

Frage
this interaction is a ____________ interaction
Image:
Picture1 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • compton

Frage 25

Frage
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Antworten

Frage 26

Frage
A low energy brems x-ray results when the incident electron is strongly influenced by the nucleus.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
change from high atomic number target material to low atomic number The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Antworten
  • left
  • right
  • remains the same

Frage 28

Frage
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration. Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Antworten

Frage 29

Frage
If an incident x-ray photon ejects a k-shell electron with a binding energy of 37 keV, and the initial energy of the photon was 40 keV, the ejected electron leaves the atom with _____ keV of kinetic energy.
Antworten
  • 3
  • 40
  • 37
  • 17

Frage 30

Frage
A photon of x-ray has an electrically positive charge.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
Attenuation causes a gradual decrease in the number of primary x-rays that exit the patient.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
Brems is produced by:
Antworten
  • slowing down of an electron by the nucleus
  • ionization from ejection of outer shell electron
  • excitation and restabilization of an outer shell electron
  • creation of a photoelectron

Frage 33

Frage
change from 82 kVp to 72 kVp The discrete (characteristic) curve shifts:
Antworten
  • left
  • right
  • remain the same

Frage 34

Frage
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Antworten
  • brems
  • compton
  • photoelectric
  • characteristic

Frage 35

Frage
Radiation that turns 180 degrees in direction after interacting with matter is called:
Antworten
  • coherent
  • backscatter
  • brems
  • characteristic

Frage 36

Frage
change from 2 mm Al filtration to 4 mm Al filtration The amplitude (height) of the emission spectrum curve would:
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain the same

Frage 37

Frage
If a projectile electron is traveling at 70 keV and is deviated by the nucleus with a resulting electron energy of 10 keV, determine the energy of emitted radiation = [blank_start]60[blank_end] keV This is an example of what type of radiation? [blank_start]brems[blank_end] interaction
Antworten
  • 60
  • brems

Frage 38

Frage
We used an original mAs of 32 and kVp of 80, list two separate techniques (one kVp & mAs then another kVp & mAs) we could use to double our exposure. (0.5 pt for each) 15% rule: [blank_start]92[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]32[blank_end] mAs Doubling mAs: [blank_start]64[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]80[blank_end] kVp
Antworten
  • 92
  • 32
  • 64
  • 80

Frage 39

Frage
label the x-ray tube
Image:
Picture3 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • stator
  • rotor
  • glass envelope
  • filament
  • focusing cup
  • target
  • window
  • disk

Frage 40

Frage
Distortion can be a misrepresentation of
Antworten
  • shape only
  • size only
  • detail
  • shape and size

Frage 41

Frage
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the OID is 5 in. round to 2 decimal places [blank_start]1.14[blank_end]x
Antworten
  • 1.14

Frage 42

Frage
The difference between two adjacent shades of gray is:
Antworten
  • distortion
  • subject contrast
  • spatial resolution
  • quantum mottle

Frage 43

Frage
Spatial resolution is improved when:
Antworten
  • SID decreases
  • OID decreases
  • SOD decreases
  • OID increases

Frage 44

Frage
Foreshortening is present if:
Antworten
  • The image of the object is shorter than the object
  • The image of the object is larger than the object
  • the tube and IR are in alignment
  • IR exposure is excessive

Frage 45

Frage
If 80 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.025 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]10[blank_end] mAs
Antworten
  • 10

Frage 46

Frage
The [blank_start]___[blank_end] the SID, the [blank_start]___[blank_end] the magnification.
Antworten
  • lesser
  • greater
  • n/a
  • smaller
  • bigger
  • n/a

Frage 47

Frage
change from 20 mAs to 40 mAs Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Antworten

Frage 48

Frage
As tube angle increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 49

Frage
What can negatively impact spatial resolution?
Antworten
  • patient motion
  • small focal spot
  • minimal OID
  • small detectors

Frage 50

Frage
change from 3 mm Al filtration to 5 mm Al filtration Which of the following best demonstrates the emission spectrum graph shift? Red curve = new curve Black curve = original curve
Antworten

Frage 51

Frage
Factors affecting spatial resolution include:
Antworten
  • focal spot size
  • contrast scale
  • kVp
  • mAs

Frage 52

Frage
A good method for controlling motion when the patient is unable to cooperate is to:
Antworten
  • decrease kVp
  • increase focal spot size
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing exposure time
  • maintaining mAs and decreasing mA

Frage 53

Frage
The effect of mAs upon IR exposure is:
Antworten
  • directly proportional
  • inversely proportional
  • dependent on kVp

Frage 54

Frage
If a radiograph using 40 mAs (400 mA at 0.10 sec.) produced a radiograph with satisfactory exposure, what new time should be used if mA is changed to 200? [blank_start]0.2[blank_end] sec
Antworten
  • 0.2

Frage 55

Frage
Poor spatial resolution is caused by an unacceptable amount of
Antworten
  • umbra
  • penumbra
  • IR Exposure
  • contrast

Frage 56

Frage
the unsharpness in an image is affected by all of the following except:
Antworten
  • focal spot size
  • mAs
  • SOD
  • OID

Frage 57

Frage
If a projected image measures 3 in. and the magnification factor is 1.1, what is the size of the actual object? (you must label your answer with abbreviation) [blank_start]2.7 in[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 2.7 in

Frage 58

Frage
The principal controlling technical factor of remnant beam contrast is
Antworten
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • anode angle

Frage 59

Frage
As kVp increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Antworten
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Frage 60

Frage
An increase in x-ray beam filtration
Antworten
  • increases magnification
  • increases the average photon energy of the beam
  • decreases patient tissue density
  • increases the quantity of photons in the beam

Frage 61

Frage
A radiograph with few shades of gray exhibits
Antworten
  • high contrast
  • medium contrast
  • low contrast

Frage 62

Frage
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 40 in. and the SOD is 25 in. [blank_start]1.6[blank_end]x
Antworten
  • 1.6

Frage 63

Frage
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 64

Frage
As filtration increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 65

Frage
If the following three exposures were obtained on the same patient (with no computer processing and/or on film) and everything is unchanged except for mAs, in which image would you expect mAs to have been the largest?
Image:
Exam2+Image1 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • A
  • B
  • C

Frage 66

Frage
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Antworten
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Frage 67

Frage
With an SID of 40 inches, and an OID of 10 inches, what is the factor of magnification?
Antworten
  • 3x
  • 4x
  • 1.33x
  • 0.25x

Frage 68

Frage
If 70 kVp, 100 mA, and 0.25 sec. produce a satisfactory radiograph, what mAs was used? [blank_start]25[blank_end] mAs
Antworten
  • 25

Frage 69

Frage
If 10 mAs at 120 kVp is used for a radiograph and the remnant beam's scale of contrast is too long, determine the new technique to be used obtaining the same IR exposure. new kVp: [blank_start]102[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]20[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 102
  • 20

Frage 70

Frage
Electronic "snow" on a display monitor or TV monitor image is a form of:
Antworten
  • noise
  • scatter
  • distortion
  • IR exposure

Frage 71

Frage
As mAs increases, remnant beam contrast scale will _________________.
Antworten
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • remain unchanged

Frage 72

Frage
A change in kVp, as an exposure factor, affects
Antworten
  • average beam energy
  • beam intensity/quantity
  • the relative amount of scatter received on the IR
  • all of the above

Frage 73

Frage
As kVp increases, the percentage of Compton interactions (relative to the total number of interactions) [blank_start]____[blank_end] and remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]____[blank_end].
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • N/A
  • lengthen
  • shorten
  • N/A

Frage 74

Frage
Size distortion is controlled by:
Antworten
  • SID
  • OID
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • patient motion

Frage 75

Frage
Calculate the magnification factor when the SID is 72 in. and the SOD is 25 in. round to 2 places. [blank_start]2.88[blank_end] x
Antworten
  • 2.88

Frage 76

Frage
As mAs increases, IR exposure will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 77

Frage
As mAs increases, shape distortion will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 78

Frage
As SID increases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 79

Frage
As focal spot size increases, spatial resolution will _______________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 80

Frage
The brightness of the image on a viewing monitor is the result of
Antworten
  • tissue thickness
  • IR exposure only
  • monitor's brightness settings
  • tissue density

Frage 81

Frage
What should you expect to occur with a decrease in kVp?
Antworten
  • lower contrast
  • longer scale of contrast
  • more fog/scatter seen on IR
  • more photoelectric interactions

Frage 82

Frage
Insufficient mAs is likely to contribute to ___ in the image.
Antworten
  • quantum mottle
  • motion
  • high spatial resolution
  • excessive OID

Frage 83

Frage
Using the 15% rule changes
Antworten
  • distortion
  • IR exposure
  • remnant beam contrast

Frage 84

Frage
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. What kVp would be required to double the exposure? round up to whole number [blank_start]75[blank_end] kVp
Antworten
  • 75

Frage 85

Frage
As OID increases, size distortion will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 86

Frage
If the signal is 16 and the noise is 4 on a hypothetical radiographic image, what is the Signal to Noise ratio?
Antworten
  • 8
  • 12
  • 4
  • 0.24

Frage 87

Frage
Which of the following is equivalent to low penumbra?
Antworten
  • high sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low sharpness/spatial resolution
  • low distortion
  • high magnification

Frage 88

Frage
Penumbra decreases as
Antworten
  • SID increases
  • OID decreases
  • focal spot decreases
  • all of the above

Frage 89

Frage
If the mA is set at 300 and the total mAs produced is 15 mAs, the exposure time must be:
Antworten
  • 0.5 sec
  • 0.05 sec
  • 0.2 sec
  • 2 sec

Frage 90

Frage
Size distortion in radiography can be ___ only.
Antworten
  • magnification
  • foreshortening
  • elongation
  • minimization

Frage 91

Frage
What factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Antworten
  • mAs
  • kVp
  • mA
  • focal spot size

Frage 92

Frage
If 20 mAs at 100 kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled without altering the remnant beam contrast scale, determine the new technique that should be used. new kVp: [blank_start]100[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]40[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 100
  • 40

Frage 93

Frage
which of the following are causes of scatter radiation
Antworten
  • high kVp
  • low kVp
  • large part thickness
  • part density
  • large field sizes
  • small field sizes
  • large mAs
  • small mAs

Frage 94

Frage
what is the purpose of a grid
Antworten
  • to absorb low energy photons before they reach the IR
  • to absorb scatter before it reaches IR
  • to reflect scatter away from IR
  • to absorb primary radiation before it reaches IR

Frage 95

Frage
match the type of grid with its definition [blank_start]Stationary[blank_end] grid: attaches to cassette [blank_start]Reciprocating[blank_end] grid: moves grid back and forth [blank_start]Oscillating[blank_end] grid: move grid plate in circular motion The [blank_start]reciprocating[blank_end] and [blank_start]oscillating[blank_end] grids make up the Potter-Bucky Diaphragm aka the [blank_start]bucky[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Stationary
  • Reciprocating
  • Oscillating
  • reciprocating
  • oscillating
  • bucky

Frage 96

Frage
the [blank_start]higher[blank_end] the grid ratio, the more effective the grid is at removing scatter
Antworten
  • higher

Frage 97

Frage
We used 10 mAs at 78 kV on a KUB. Convert this non-grid technique to a 10:1 grid [blank_start]50[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]78[blank_end] kV
Antworten
  • 50
  • 78

Frage 98

Frage
Convert 60 mAs at 92 kV using a 8:1 grid to an 5:1 grid. [blank_start]30[blank_end] mAs @ [blank_start]92[blank_end] kV
Antworten
  • 30
  • 92

Frage 99

Frage
increased lead content = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = contrast scale [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] = image contrast [blank_start]increases[blank_end]
Antworten
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Frage 100

Frage
grid cut off is due to the absorption of
Antworten
  • scatter radiation
  • remnant radiation
  • primary radiation
  • secondary radiation

Frage 101

Frage
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(3) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • short axis
  • linear
  • cross-hatch

Frage 102

Frage
label the type of grid
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(4) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • parallel
  • focused

Frage 103

Frage
What is the grid radius based on?
Antworten
  • SID
  • OID
  • Tube angle
  • Object thickness

Frage 104

Frage
fill out the table and GCF equation, include x in multiplier.
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(5) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • No grid
  • x1
  • 5:1
  • x2
  • 6:1
  • x3
  • 8:1
  • x4
  • 10:1 or 12:1
  • x5
  • 16:1
  • x6
  • mAs2
  • mAs1
  • GCF2
  • GCF1

Frage 105

Frage
What causes the moire effect?
Antworten
  • the grid lines are parallel to scan lines of processor
  • the grid lines are perp to scan lines of processor
  • misalignment of the grid and beam
  • incorrect SID used

Frage 106

Frage
This image is an example of
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 15+203711 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Moire effect
  • quantum mottle
  • misalignment of x-ray beam
  • grid inversion

Frage 107

Frage
Match the image with its grid error
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(6) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Grid Radius
  • misalignment/angling of the x-ray beam
  • Inversion of focused grid

Frage 108

Frage
The air gap technique is when OID is [blank_start]increases[blank_end], so scatter on the IR [blank_start]decreases[blank_end]
Antworten
  • increased
  • decreased
  • remains the same
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same

Frage 109

Frage
When generator power and rectification increase
Antworten
  • quantity of current increases
  • quantity of current decreases
  • quality of current increases
  • quality of current decreases
  • current is not affected

Frage 110

Frage
high frequency generators [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] the ripple of the wave form with each increase in generator power, the exposure rate of the x-ray beam [blank_start]increases[blank_end] These changes [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the effective mA, which allows for a [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] in technique High power generators also [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the average kV Generally, the set mAs could be [blank_start]cut in half[blank_end] when changing from a single phase to a 3 phase/HF
Antworten
  • reduce
  • increase
  • don't change
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains the same
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • do not change
  • cut in half
  • doubled
  • unchanged

Frage 111

Frage
generator power [blank_start]lengthens[blank_end] remnant contrast scale generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] spatial resolution generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] size distortion generator power [blank_start]does not affect[blank_end] shape distortion
Antworten
  • does not affect
  • shortens
  • lengthens
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases
  • does not affect
  • increases
  • decreases

Frage 112

Frage
which of the following are considered inherent filtration
Antworten
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Frage 113

Frage
which of the following are considered added filtration
Antworten
  • glass envelope
  • aluminum slabs within the collimator
  • oil in tube housing
  • the tube window
  • the mirror and plastic windows of the collimator
  • the anode
  • wedge filters

Frage 114

Frage
The minimum total filtration equivalent is [blank_start]2.5[blank_end] mm Al - [blank_start]1.5[blank_end] mm of inherent filtration - [blank_start]1[blank_end] mm added filtration
Antworten
  • 2.5
  • 1.5
  • 1

Frage 115

Frage
What is the unit for directly measuring x-ray beam penetration
Antworten
  • Half-Value Layer
  • Half-Vacancy Layer
  • mm Al
  • mm Hg
  • mm Pb

Frage 116

Frage
A Potter-Bucky diaphragm does not move
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 117

Frage
Higher frequency grids have [blank_start]thinner[blank_end] lead strips
Antworten
  • thinner
  • thicker
  • no difference in

Frage 118

Frage
What is the most critical factor in a grid's efficiency?
Antworten
  • grid frequency
  • grid ratio
  • lead content of grids
  • grid dimension

Frage 119

Frage
Grid radius is the distance between the grid and the [blank_start]convergence line[blank_end].
Antworten
  • convergence line

Frage 120

Frage
Match the term with its definition [blank_start]Grid ratio[blank_end] : the proportion of the height to the width of the interspaced between the lead strips [blank_start]Lead Content of Grid[blank_end] : mass per unit area, as this increases so does the removal of scatter [blank_start]Grid Radius[blank_end]: the distance between the grid and the convergent line or point aka the correct SID [blank_start]Grid Frequency[blank_end]: the number of lead strips counted per inch/cm
Antworten
  • Grid ratio
  • Lead Content of Grid
  • Grid Radius
  • Grid Frequency

Frage 121

Frage
What is the purpose of a compensating filter?
Antworten
  • balance the exposure
  • dramatically change the contrast scale
  • reduce the remnant beam
  • protect tech from scatter radiation

Frage 122

Frage
Which of the follower are the purposes for field size limitation
Antworten
  • minimize radiation exposure to the tech
  • minimize radiation exposure to the patient
  • change subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve subject contrast in the remnant beam
  • preserve image sharpness

Frage 123

Frage
increased collimation (smaller size) = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]shortened[blank_end] contrast scale increased collimation = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure
Antworten
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same amount of
  • lengthened
  • shortened
  • same
  • decreased
  • increased
  • same

Frage 124

Frage
match the types of field size limitations
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(8) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • aperture diaphragm
  • cone and cylinder collimator
  • modern collimator

Frage 125

Frage
The purpose of PBL is
Antworten
  • to allow techs to not worry about collimation
  • ensure the field size is never larger than cassette
  • allow for easy collimation
  • automatically set field size

Frage 126

Frage
label
Image:
Screenshot+2023 03 16+132208 (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • first stage shutters
  • collimator housing
  • second stage long shutters
  • second stage cross shutters
  • useful beam
  • image receptor
  • off-focus radiation
  • mirror
  • focal spot
  • anode

Frage 127

Frage
Positive Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiopaque[blank_end] ([blank_start]white[blank_end]) -Based upon [blank_start]Barium or Iodine[blank_end] Negative Contrast Agents -[blank_start]Radiolucent[blank_end] ([blank_start]black[blank_end]) -Are all [blank_start]gasses[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • Barium or Iodine
  • Barium or Calcium
  • Lead or Tungsten
  • Tungsten or Molybdenum
  • Calcium or Iodine
  • Barium or Tungsten
  • Radiopaque
  • Radiolucent
  • white
  • black
  • gasses
  • water
  • tissues
  • bones
  • barium
  • iodine

Frage 128

Frage
Additive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiopacity of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]increased[blank_end] technique Destructive diseases = [blank_start]increased radiolucency of tissue[blank_end] = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] technique
Antworten
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same
  • increased radiopacity of tissue
  • increased radiolucency of tissue
  • decreased radiopacity of tissue
  • decreased radiolucency of tissue
  • increased
  • decreased
  • same

Frage 129

Frage
which of the following are additive diseases
Antworten
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Frage 130

Frage
which of the following are destructive diseases
Antworten
  • Emphysema
  • Pleural Effusion
  • Edema
  • Osteoporosis
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Cancer
  • increase fluid, bone or metal content
  • increase gas or fat, decrease normal fluid or bone

Frage 131

Frage
For soft tissue techniques, kVp is
Antworten
  • increased by 20%
  • decreased by 20%
  • remains the same as C-spine

Frage 132

Frage
For patients with a fiberglass cast/splint, the technique may be altered by
Antworten
  • an increase in mAs by 50%
  • an increase in mAs by 20%
  • an increase in mAs by 8%
  • an increase in kVp by 50%
  • an increase in kVp by 20%
  • an increase in kVp by 8%

Frage 133

Frage
the longer the SID, the [blank_start]sharper[blank_end] the detail the longer the SID, the [blank_start]less[blank_end] magnification the longer the SID, the [blank_start]no effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Antworten
  • sharper
  • fuzzier
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on
  • more
  • less
  • no effect on

Frage 134

Frage
fill in the formula for the inverse square law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • I1
  • I2
  • (D2)^2
  • (d1)^2

Frage 135

Frage
fill in the formula for the exposure maintenance law
Image:
Untitled+Drawing+(9) (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • mAs1
  • mAs2
  • (D1)^2
  • (D2)^2

Frage 136

Frage
Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] Scatter = [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] contrast scale Increased OID = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] scatter = [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] IR exposure Increased OID = [blank_start]Decreased[blank_end] sharpness Increased OID = [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] magnification Increased OID = [blank_start]No effect on[blank_end] shape distortion
Antworten
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • shorter
  • longer
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no effect on

Frage 137

Frage
If 40 mAs at 76 kVp is used and the amount of exposure needs to be cut in half, determine the new technique that should be used if you want to use the 15% rule. round to 1 decimal place if necessary [blank_start]64.6[blank_end] kVp @ [blank_start]40[blank_end] mAs
Antworten
  • 64.6
  • 40

Frage 138

Frage
If 80mAs at 70kVp is used and the IR exposure needs to be doubled and the remnant beam scale of contrast lengthened, determine the new technique that should be used. round to one decimal if necessary new kVp: [blank_start]80.5[blank_end] new mAs: [blank_start]80[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 80.5
  • 80

Frage 139

Frage
A radiograph of the forearm is produced using 4 mAs at 65 kVp. round to 1 decimal place if necessary new kVp to double IR exposure: [blank_start]74.8[blank_end] new kVp to halve IR exposure: [blank_start]55.3[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 74.8
  • 55.3

Frage 140

Frage
Volume of the irradiated tissue increases as
Antworten
  • field size decreases
  • patient thickness increases
  • mAs decrease
  • all answers are correct

Frage 141

Frage
The half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure
Antworten
  • mAs level
  • the penetrability of the xray beam
  • the grid ratio
  • the amount of xrays in the beam

Frage 142

Frage
Photon absorption within the body occurs as the result of
Antworten
  • compton interactions
  • scatter radiation
  • photoelectric interaction
  • all answers are correct

Frage 143

Frage
The [blank_start]____[blank_end] the photon energy, the [blank_start]____[blank_end] the percentage of interactions that will be Compton interactions.
Antworten
  • higher
  • lower
  • higher
  • lower
  • unaffected

Frage 144

Frage
If OID increases, the remnant beam contrast scale [blank_start]_________________[blank_end].
Antworten
  • lengthens
  • shortens
  • is unaffected

Frage 145

Frage
The computer distinguishes the anatomy of interest from background exposure outside collimated field during:
Antworten
  • exposure
  • automated field recognition
  • automated rescaling
  • field uniformity corrections

Frage 146

Frage
How dark or light a digital image appears on a display monitor is known as
Antworten
  • contrast resolution
  • brightness
  • spatial resolution
  • density

Frage 147

Frage
In generic digital imaging terms, the average brightness level of the image is called the:
Antworten
  • window level
  • window width
  • density
  • scale of contrast

Frage 148

Frage
In a digital image histogram graph, the vertical height of any data point along the plotted curve (measured against the y axis of the graph), indicates the:
Antworten
  • image contrast
  • pixel value (brightness)
  • number of pixels possessing the value
  • S1

Frage 149

Frage
A barium study projection will likely require the computer to locate both Smin and Smax.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 150

Frage
On an image histogram, an unusual spike to the left of the main bell-shaped lobe of the curve most likely represents:
Antworten
  • osteoporosis
  • background exposure
  • a large metallic object
  • air in the lungs

Frage 151

Frage
Dependent on the manufacturer’s algorithm, a value of interest (VOI) can accentuate a certain tissue thickness or bone.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 152

Frage
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Antworten
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the resolution of the image
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • all answers are correct

Frage 153

Frage
Which of the following is an example of a Field Uniformity Correction?
Antworten
  • creation of a best fit line for the raw detector data
  • a flattening of the histogram curve as needed
  • application of a kernel across the matrix
  • evening out of brightness to account for irregularities in the hardware of the IT across the image field

Frage 154

Frage
Many imaging systems present the histogram with an averaged gray scale curve overlying the histogram. The steeper the slope:
Antworten
  • lighter the image
  • the darker the image
  • longer the image gray scale
  • higher the image contrast

Frage 155

Frage
Digital radiography images that are underexposed have a high SNR.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 156

Frage
The development of which of the following enabled DR systems to use a flat-shaped receptor plate:
Antworten
  • photostimulable phosphor plates
  • thin-film transistors (TFTs)
  • the photomultiplier tube
  • CCDs

Frage 157

Frage
In digital imaging processing, what is segmentation?
Antworten
  • a graph plotting signal intensity for each pixel
  • identification of the exposed area of the IR
  • the anatomy on which the exam is performed
  • a look up table

Frage 158

Frage
Generally speaking, the smaller the pixels, the higher the spatial resolution.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 159

Frage
Which of the following terms, all contractions, most accurately describes the individual hardware elements of a DR flat panel receptor that detect radiation in the remnant x-ray beam?
Antworten
  • the dexel
  • the pixel
  • the voxel
  • the rexel

Frage 160

Frage
The selection of a narrow window width will:
Antworten
  • decrease the size of each pixel
  • decrease overall brightness of the image
  • increase contrast in the image
  • increase magnification of the central portion of the image

Frage 161

Frage
Which of the following modalities create images with the highest spatial resolution?
Antworten
  • ct
  • nuclear medicine
  • ultrasound
  • digital radiography

Frage 162

Frage
Adjustment of the window width of the image will change
Antworten
  • the brightness of the image
  • the level of IR exposure
  • the spatial resolution of the image
  • the scale of contrast of the image

Frage 163

Frage
The smaller the pixels, the lower the spatial resolution.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 164

Frage
For digital imaging, each image displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the:
Antworten
  • signal plate
  • display table
  • matrix
  • detector array

Frage 165

Frage
In digital radiography, image contrast displayed on the monitor is controlled exclusively by kilovoltage.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 166

Frage
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Antworten
  • greater the number of gray shades in the image
  • shorter the acquisition time
  • greater the spatial resolution in the image
  • all answers are correct
  • no answers are correct

Frage 167

Frage
A system with a high S/N ratio displays:
Antworten
  • low noise and high signal
  • low signal and high noise
  • equal amounts of signal and noise
  • no signal and no noise

Frage 168

Frage
Scatter radiation adds exposure to the image receptor.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 169

Frage
Which factor influences the average energy of photons reaching the IR?
Antworten
  • kVp
  • mA
  • time
  • focal spot size

Frage 170

Frage
As kVp decreases, spatial resolution will _________________.
Antworten
  • increase
  • decrease
  • remain unchanged

Frage 171

Frage
In the diagnostic range, the majority of primary x-rays produced are:
Antworten
  • characteristic
  • photoelectric
  • brems
  • compton

Frage 172

Frage
As kVp increases,
Antworten
  • scatter increases
  • remnant beam contrast scale lengthens
  • all answers are correct
  • image receptor exposure increases

Frage 173

Frage
The amount of scatter reaching the image receptor is affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • SID
  • Amount of Collimation
  • kVp
  • grid ratio

Frage 174

Frage
The larger the number of pixels in an image matrix, the:
Antworten
  • greater the resolution
  • greater amount of shades of gray in the image
  • shorter acquisition time
  • all answers are correct

Frage 175

Frage
The higher the DQE, the higher the dose required to get an optimal image.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 176

Frage
As the lead content of a grid increases,
Antworten
  • image receptor exposure increases
  • the contrast decreases
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter increases.
  • The ability of the grid to remove scatter decreases

Frage 177

Frage
In production of a radiograph, which of the following is considered the controlling factor of beam penetration and remnant beam scale of contrast?
Antworten
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • time
  • filtration

Frage 178

Frage
The principal controlling factor of radiographic image receptor exposure is:
Antworten
  • kVp
  • mAs
  • focal spot size
  • tube angulation

Frage 179

Frage
Image level parameters (window level) control image
Antworten
  • brightness
  • contrast
  • density
  • darkness

Frage 180

Frage
All of the following are true of pixel pitch except:
Antworten
  • it is measured from center-center of pixels
  • it is affected by changes in the matrix size
  • it is determined by the size of the dels in flat panel systems
  • it is not related to spatial resolution

Frage 181

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a component of a detector element?
Antworten
  • capacitor
  • charged coupled device
  • semiconductor layer
  • thin film transistor

Frage 182

Frage
A phosphor screen or scintillator
Antworten
  • fluoresces when exposed to light
  • fluoresces when exposed to xrays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to x-rays
  • ionizes selenium when exposed to light

Frage 183

Frage
The percentage of the surface area of a flat panel detector element devoted to the semiconductor layer is:
Antworten
  • DQE
  • Fill factor
  • detector ratio
  • capacitance

Frage 184

Frage
The purpose of the ADC is to convert the _______ signal to a _________ signal.
Antworten
  • analog; digital
  • digital; analog
  • analog; detector
  • acquired; detected
  • detector; digital

Frage 185

Frage
Digital radiography images that are underexposed can show quantum mottle.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 186

Frage
In a DR flat panel image receptor, which electronic devices directly account for the plate’s ability to store a latent image until it is sent into the computer?
Antworten
  • capacitor
  • tfts
  • data lines
  • gate lines
  • semiconductor layer

Frage 187

Frage
An x-ray unit with a Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of 0.2 is said to have perfect contrast resolution.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 188

Frage
What is the size of each pixel for an image with a 1024x1024 matrix using a 30x30 cm field of view:
Antworten
  • 30 cm
  • 0.3 mm
  • 3 cm
  • 3 mm

Frage 189

Frage
The ratio of SID to SOD is the primary control for:
Antworten
  • magnification
  • shape distortion
  • scatter production
  • sharpness of recorded detail

Frage 190

Frage
In a DR flat panel image receptor, most of the square area of each del is dedicated to what portion of the detector element:
Antworten
  • the semiconductor layer
  • the gate lines
  • the capacitors
  • the tfts

Frage 191

Frage
The ionization chamber AEC is located behind the IR on the wall Bucky.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 192

Frage
As matrix size increases, the image's spatial resolution increases.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 193

Frage
Direct conversion digital imaging systems include which of the following?
Antworten
  • CCD
  • PSP
  • amorphous Se tft
  • amorphous Si tft

Frage 194

Frage
A CMOS imaging system would have
Antworten
  • microlens optics
  • charged couple arrays
  • amorphous selenium
  • a helium red laser

Frage 195

Frage
Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps to digitization of an analog image?
Antworten
  • Sampling
  • Quantization
  • Scanning
  • Initiation

Frage 196

Frage
The maximum range of pixel values a hardware device can store is:
Antworten
  • voxel depth
  • bit depth
  • gray scale
  • gray level

Frage 197

Frage
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] - Use small focal spot: [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 4mm Al: [blank_start]no change[blank_end] -Use 4 seconds: [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Antworten
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • no change
  • no change
  • increase
  • decrease
  • decrease
  • increase
  • no change

Frage 198

Frage
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 100 mA 8:1 grid 1.0 Sec 8x10 collimated field size 70 kVp large focal spot 50" SID 3mm Al 2" OID suspended respiration In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will IR exposure be affected? - Use of a 10x12 field size: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use of no grid: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 200 mA: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 2.0 seconds: [blank_start]increased[blank_end] - Use 4" OID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] - Use 60" SID: [blank_start]decreased[blank_end]- Use 90 kVp: [blank_start]increased[blank_end]
Antworten
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • decreased
  • increased
  • no change
  • increased
  • decreased
  • no change

Frage 199

Frage
A radiograph is made using the following factors: 500 mA 2.5 sec 130 kVp 36" SID 6" OID 2000x1000 matrix size Window Width = 800 No grid 5x8 collimated field size small focal spot 3mm Al 0.1mm pixel size Window Level = 65 Changes are proposed below. In each of the following, if only the proposed change is made, how will spatial resolution be affected? - Collimate to 10x10; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use a grid; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 72" SID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 1" OID; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] -Window level = 165; [blank_start]n/a[blank_end] - Use 3600x3600 matrix size; [blank_start]increase[blank_end] - Use 0.1cm pixel size; [blank_start]decrease[blank_end]
Antworten
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • n/a
  • increase
  • decrease
  • increase
  • decrease
  • n/a
  • decrease
  • increase
  • n/a
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